3G Mobile Telecommunication Research Articles

Catching Up in the Face of Technological Discontinuity: Exploring the Role of Demand Structure and Technological Regimes in the Transition from 2G to 3G in China

During technological discontinuity based on the transition from second-generation (2G) to third-generation (3G) mobile telecommunications, Chinese manufacturing firms were catching up with leaders in the global industry. Using computer simulation, the paper examines the extent to which heterogeneous demand structures and competitive regimes affect technological catching up. The paper shows that - during technological discontinuity - a slightly higher technological opportunity in combination with low appropriability and heterogeneous demand are vital for technological catching up. The complementary effects of demand within different regimes of Schumpeterian Mark I and Mark II models are discussed.

Understanding 3G Mobile Service Acceptance in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

The rapid development of telecommunication and Internet services enables smartphone users to access online services faster and create more demand for using high-speed data services. The third generation (3G) mobile services have become the pioneer for the trend of high speed data transmission for years. This study aims to explore the factors that affect behavioral intention of adopting 3G mobile telecommunications. After implementing a structural equation modeling to analyze the data collection of 223 self-administered correspondents, we found that perceived factors, including ease of use, usefulness and enjoyment have a significantly positive relationship with attitude and while the attitude is positively associated with behavioral intention to use 3G. Based on the results, the research enables us to propose several practical recommendations to 3G providers in Vietnam such as 3G providers should provide more interesting and entertaining contents in their 3G applications and services, which charge appropriate fees and are easy to use for customers. In addition, 3G providers should focus on customers’ attitude by listening and receiving customers’ feedbacks to improve 3G technological solutions and value-added services.

The Rules Have Changed: A Case Study of Chinese Government Support of Local Technologies

Beginning in the late 1990s, the Chinese government began to understand the negative effects of relying on external technology transfer, the country's key technology sourcing policy since the 1980s: local firms were becoming so dependent on external technology that they were not developing effective internal technology capabilities to sustain their competitiveness. In response to this realization, government agencies such as the Ministry of Science and Technology and the National Development and Reform Commission began to work to promote indigenous innovation. The culmination of these efforts came in June 2003, when the Chinese central government invited more than 2,000 experts to participate in a two-year study of the country's science and technology policy. Based on that work, the results of which were released in 2005, the Chinese central government decided in 2006 to make promoting indigenous innovation a national strategy (PRC State Council 2006). Although mobile technology was an early target for government efforts to nurture indigenous development efforts (Lou 2008), firms did not react quickly to those efforts. One of the three international standards for mobile communications, TD-SCDMA (time division-synchronous code division, multiple access), was based mainly on technologies developed by Chinese firm Datang Telecom Technology & Industry Group (Datang); TD-SCDMA was proposed as a candidate standard in 1998 and adopted by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) in May 2000. Thus, TD-SCDMA was an indigenous innovation with international applications. The government provided various kinds of support to reduce both technology and market uncertainties, intended to increase firms' confidence in adopting TD-SCDMA. However, multinational firms, displayed a lack of sensitivity to the Chinese government's intention to promote indigenous innovation and took a wait and attitude toward TD-SCDMA. As a result, these firms lost their dominant market position in China. The story of multinationals' response to government efforts to support TD-SCDMA offers important lessons for MNEs attempting to build a presence in China. Government Support of TD-SCDMA The Chinese government used four strategies to support indigenous development of TD-SCDMA technology: * Leveraging the size of China's market to support TD-SCDMA, * Supporting development of TD-SCDMA through frequency spectrum assignments, * Providing financial and technical support for development of TD-SCDMA technology, and * Supporting TD-SCDMA by deploying government power. The sheer size of the Chinese telecommunications market gave the government leverage to influence multinationals' choice of technologies. The Chinese telecom equipment market is the largest in the world; once the market opened to multinationals, those firms rapidly came to dominate the market, nearly shutting out local firms. Clearly, this was not a market they wanted to lose. At one point, when some multinational firms tried to block the acceptance of TD-SCDMA as an international standard, the Minister of the Information Industry invited top managers of these firms in China to come to the Ministry, where he delivered a clear message: the Chinese government wanted to see TD-SCDMA treated the same as other candidates in the mobile communications standards selection process. The implication was that multinationals that did not support TD-SCDMA would be shut out of China. The support of multinational firms played a critical role in the eventual acceptance of TD-SCDMA as an international standard. The government further supported the development and adoption of TD-SCDMA by allocating favorable frequencies to the technology. The frequency spectrum allocation for 3G mobile telecommunications, announced in 2002 by the Ministry of the Information Industry, assigned 155MHz to TD-SCDMA and 180MHz total to WCDMA and CDMA2000, the other two international 3G standards, combined--just 90 MHz for each of the two alternate standards. …

다세대 확산모형을 활용한 국내 4세대 이동통신 서비스 가입자 수 예측

The Korean telecommunications market has been expanding swiftly, these days, to be saturated. In this environment, the upcoming mobile telecommunication market, where 4G service was introduced this year, is becoming more substitutive and competitive. Thus, the demand forecasting of 4G service is very difficult, while it is critical to market success. This paper adopts a multi-generation diffusion model to capture the diffusion and substitution patterns for two successive generation of technological services, i.e., 3G and 4G mobile telecommunications services. The three parameters, i.e., the coefficient of innovation, the coefficient of imitation, and the coefficient of market potential, used in the multi-generation diffusion model based on Norton and Bass[11] are obtained by inference from similar substitutive relations between older and newer telecommunication services to 3G and 4G services. The simulation results show that the Bass type multi-generation model can be successfully applied to the demand forecasting of newly introduced 4G mobile telecommunication service.

Third generation (3G) mobile service acceptance: Evidence from Malaysia

This paper aims to examine the factors affecting subscribers’ intention towards using third generation (3G) mobile service. Cross sectional data were collected from 100 respondents through a survey. Data were then analyzed by means of multiple regression analysis. The findings verified the research hypotheses, and confirmed that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and attitude are jointly responsible in determining the subscribers’ intention to use 3G mobile service. Perceived usefulness was found as a key factor that influences subscribers’ intention to use 3G mobile services. This study was conducted only in Malaysia and does not cover other countries. The findings are only applicable in Malaysia and cannot be generalized for the other countries. Consideration of the factors identified should lead to more successful adoption of 3G. The study implies that the 3G mobile telecommunication companies need to lift consumers’ intention to adopt 3G mobile services. Users’ of 3G mobile services need to be provided with more diverse and entertaining ways of communicating, which are at the same time easily accessible and convenient to use. This paper enhances understanding of user acceptance of 3G mobile communication services. Key words: Third generation (3G), mobile phone, adoption, usage, technology acceptance, attitude.

Entry into 3G mobile telecommunications markets

National regulatory authorities (NRAs) attempt to encourage participation in spectrum assignments by enhancing entrants’ likelihood of success. The question this study addresses is: can NRA policy tools really affect the probability an entrant wins a 3G spectrum licence? In particular, the econometric analysis allows consideration of whether licence concession or mode of assignment encourages entry. The study finds that auction assignment processes only slightly increase the probability of entry, whilst price and quantity concessions have no impact.

Building collaboration networks for 3G system development, attempts from China

This paper tries to gain a better understanding of the developing process of new generation telecommunication systems in the big developing countries and to find key dynamics that influence such a process from the inter-firm network perspective. By observing the growth of collaboration networks in China's 3G mobile telecommunication industry, the desire to exchange resources, widen experience between the local and foreign manufacturers, in terms of internationalisation, are found to be important in driving the inter-firm network for the dominant design. The effective shaping and coordinating of the network settings become critical for the latecomer players to survive the global standard war. Therefore, exploring the external resource and occupying the central positions in the network are more likely to lead the local firms to transform to innovations in developing a complex information system.

Framework for readiness assessment of 3G Mobile Telecommunication Network in Botswana

The paper addresses the readiness assessment of 3G mobile telecommunication network in Botswana. Critical factors such as the need change readiness (NCR), structural readiness (SR), engagement readiness (ER) and the non readiness (NR) were used in carrying out this study. The study involved the use of the stakeholders to derive a framework for the 3G readiness assessment in Botswana. The framework included empirically validated instrument developed using statistical analysis SPSS 14 software. The sample for the respondents was taken from the university environment only. The framework was used to determine the 3G readiness assessment status of the stakeholders involved in the research. The results showed that the engagement readiness was the most important followed by the structural readiness and then the need change readiness for the customers. The non readiness was measured in isolation from the other factors in the customers’ analysis and it showed that most of the respondents in the research were not ready for 3G implementation in Botswana.Keywords: E-readiness, Structural-readiness. Need-change readiness, Critical factors Non readiness and readiness assessment.

The use of unified theory of acceptance and use of technology to confer the behavioral model of 3G mobile telecommunication users

Although Taiwan’s 3G services started its operation in 2003, the main profit source for every telecommunication company is still the cheaper fees of airtime minutes. Therefore, this study is directed on how these companies design the marketing tactics closer to the consumers’ need under the dual influences of the decreasing individual’s contribution and the low utility rate, as well as how to improve customers’ willingness to adopt 3G mobile telecommunication services. Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) is used as the model to carry out expert interviews and consumers’ questionnaire investigation. This study found that the factors that significantly influenced the “behavioral intention” include “performance expectancy”, “social influence”, and “facilitating conditions”, while the traditional known “effort expectancy” did not. Moreover, three non-assumed relationships were discovered during the Structural Equation Model analysis, which helped to revise the UTAUT model for 3G telecommunication services. The results of this study can be helpful to Taiwan’s mobile telecommunication companies to adjust their corporate strategies and tactics for providing customer-oriented 3G services to both existing and potential customers, such that the overall 3G market can be expanded as well as a win-win situation for the 3G industry and their consumers can be achieved.

Knowledge value analysis of 3G mobile telecommunication companies in Taiwan

Since the Directorate General of Telecommunications makes mobile telecommunication open to public access, 3G users begin to grow up faster under the market competition in order to find out about the operational performance of 3G mobile telecommunication companies. This study chooses four 3G mobile telecommunication companies, including Chunghwa Telecom, Taiwan Mobile, Far Eastone Telecommunications, and Vibo Telecommunications, to probe into these four companies’ core knowledge values and how to develop the course of core value, and then understand how to reach efficient resource allocation. This study uses the Knowledge Value Added (KVA) that was addressed by Housel and Bell in 2001, directs against the implicit knowledge amount of each main procedure and then carries out quantization, then the KVA values of each company’s main procedures will be obtained so as to acquire the Return of Knowledge (ROK) of each main procedure, then the values of ROK are used for comparison and analysis with regard to each company, finally offer the directions of enterprises’ operational management. The result of study finds that the implicit return of knowledge of Chunghwa Telecom is the highest overall, it has good performance in the resource allocation and internal integration plans, so it is the company that deserves other telecommunications companies to learn from, Taiwan Mobile, Far Eastone Telecommunications, and Vibo Telecommunications rank the second to the fourth places respectively. For the aspect of each company’s every core field, Chunghwa Telecom has the better operational procedures, and the operational

Using fuzzy AHP to evaluate the content of 3G mobile communication value-added service

Despite the continuing growth in the number of mobile phone service subscribers, the problem of dropping average revenue per voice communication user urges mobile telecommunication services providers (MTSPs) to include 3G mobile telecommunications services(3G Services) and applications as a major source of revenue. To understand subscribers’ preferred and valued 3G services and designs, this study applied Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, in addition to content analysis, interview, and questionnaire survey, to evaluate 3G mobile commerce design criteria. The most important criteria taken into account by the consumers while they were selecting their mobile service firms were determined by a designed AHP questionnaire. The fuzzy AHP was used to compare these mobile value-added service firms. The results of the study suggest that increased mobile telecommunication bandwidth allows the offering of more value added services. However, MTSPs need to take into consideration of their subscribers’ individual needs of information services. Timely and pragmatic services with humanized designs help to increase subscribers’ usage of mobile telecommunication services, leading to a higher profit margin for MTSPs.

3G Mobile Telecommunications Licenses in Europe: A Critical Review

This paper makes a critical review of the introduction of first 3G mobile services and the evolution of market structure. There is evidence in support of to the overbidding hypothesis, i.e. license fees determined in auctions were higher than ultimately compatible with the originally envisaged market structure base on the n+1 rule. 3G markets therefore are more concentrated than 2G markets. The correct design of market structure is crucial for accelerating the speed of introduction of 3G services: the speed increases with the number of licenses granted, but decreases with the number of idle licenses. Auctions are not superior to other methods with respect to speed of innovation.

3G mobile telecommunications licenses in Europe: a critical review

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to make a critical review of the introduction of first third generation (3G) mobile services and the evolution of market structure. It aims to look for reasons for the poor market performance of 3G.Design/methodology/approachThe study analyses market data from 17 Western European countries and tests propositions with statistical methods.FindingsThe paper finds that there is evidence in support of to the “overbidding” hypothesis, i.e. license fees determined in auctions were higher than ultimately compatible with the originally envisaged market structure based on the n+1 rule. 3G markets therefore are more concentrated than 2G markets. The correct design of market structure is crucial for accelerating the speed of introduction of 3G services: the speed increases with the number of licenses granted, but decreases with the number of idle licenses. Auctions are not superior to other methods with respect to speed of innovation.Originality/valueThis is the first study of this kind and should be read by academics or practitioners dealing with regulation, spectrum licensing and technology forecasting.

A comparative analysis of behavioral models for RF power amplifiers

A comparative study of nonlinear behavioral models with memory for radio-frequency power amplifier (PAs) is presented. The models are static polynomial, parallel Hammerstein (PH), Volterra, and radial basis-function neural network (RBFNN). Two PAs were investigated: one was designed for the third-generation (3G) mobile telecommunication systems and one was designed for the second-generation (2G). The RBFNN reduced the total model error slightly more than the PH, but the error out of band was significantly lower for the PH. The Volterra was found to give a lower model error than did a PH of the same nonlinear order and memory depth. The PH could give a lower model error than the best Volterra, since the former could be identified with a higher nonlinear order and memory depth. The qualitative conclusions are the same for the 2G and 3G PAs, but the model errors are smaller for the latter. For the 3G PA, a static polynomial gave a low model error as low as the best PH and lower than the RBFNN for the hardest cross validation. The models with memory, PH, and RBFNN, showed better cross-validation performance, in terms of lower model errors, than a static polynomial for the hardest cross validation of the 2G PA

A 3-D Baseband Signal Analyzer Prototype for 3G Mobile Telecommunication Systems

The paper deals with the realization of a new instrument for the qualification of third-generation (3G) mobile telecommunication systems. It is based on the parallel computing of a time-frequency representation called smoothed pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution (SPWVD) on a multiple digital signal processor architecture. The SPWVD allows the performance of signal analysis simultaneously in both the time and frequency domain. The hardware and software implementations of the instrument prototype are presented and discussed. Then, the first validation results, obtained on wide-band code-division-multiplexing access (W-CDMA) signals compliant with the 3rd Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) standard, are reported.

Life Cycle Assessment of the Mobile Communication System UMTS: Towards Eco-efficient Systems (12 pp)

Telecommunication providers and telecommunication manufacturers are getting ready to implement the third generation (3G) mobile telecommunication systems known as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) in Europe. Next to the technical problems involved, no statement regarding the sustainability of the UMTS can yet be made. In a joint effort Motorola, Swisscom, Deutsche Telekom and ESU-services have carried out an evaluation of the environmental sustainability of the UMTS mobile communication system in Switzerland by means of a life cycle assessment (LCA). A baseline environmental impact profile across the full life cycle of the UMTS mobile communication system and its predecessor, the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) is presented. The baseline assessment was a necessary first step to evaluate the environmental impacts of the mobile communication systems use and growth and thus permitting the evaluation of its environmental sustainability. The analysis showed that the manufacturing of electronic components, the life time of the appliances and energy consumption are key parameters influencing the environmental profile most. From this baseline, necessary environmental improvement strategies on the technical level, such as design for environment for products (e.g. cellular phone and base stations) and LCA improvement assessments (e.g. combined devices) are developed so as to show ways towards sustainable mobile communication.

4G China’s gold in mobile telecoms

Third-generation (3G) mobile telecommunication licenses have not yet been issued, but the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ACS) has already began research on 4G technologies. ACS’ Mobile Communication Research (MCR) was founded in Pudong, Shanghai. Its researchwill focus upon development of 4G, 2.5G and 3G mobile communication terminal technologies. This is a short news story only. Visit www.three-fives.com for the latest advanced semiconductor industry news.

Performance analysis for data service in third generation mobile telecommunication networks

The data traffic in wireless networks for the third generation (3G) mobile telecommunication systems should take into account a variety of services (voice, data, video) and environments (e.g.: private, outdoors, indoors) as well as the user mobility behavior. A good evaluation of measures of performance can help a system designer to make its strategic decisions concerning cell size and the number of channel frequencies allocated to each cell. In this paper we present an analysis of data services in a third generation mobile telecommunication networks based on simulation. In addition, we illustrate the need for a simulation in order to characterize the mix of several traffic types for capacity and quality of service (QoS) planning. We use the distributions heavy tailed Weibull and Pareto to simulate respectively, the data traffic and the resource occupation time for data service. Finally, we also comment some simulation results of third generation services where we analyze the QoS parameters of a mobile network, such as channel occupation time, handoff, new call blocking probabilities and traffic in Erlangs.

Deconstructing 3G and reconstructing telecoms

After heated debate in Hong Kong, the Government and the regulator adopted suggestions (May 2000) 2 2 See http://www.trp.hku.hk/papers/2000/3g_response.pdf. to assign third generation (3G) mobile telecommunications licences by royalty auction to avoid the use of upfront cash auctions as in Europe, now widely regarded as a disaster. Uncertainty has replaced the former certainties of the 2G world, an issue that raises fundamental questions about what exactly is 3G, while rendering much business forecasting futile. This paper examines the debacle, casts a critical eye over the use of auctions, and summarizes the Hong Kong debate and the business modelling that accompanied it. It concludes with a warning on uncertainty.