3G Mobile Phone Research Articles

Effects of 2G and 3G mobile phones on human alpha rhythms: Resting EEG in adolescents, young adults, and the elderly

The present study was conducted to determine whether adolescents and/or the elderly are more sensitive to mobile phone (MP)-related bioeffects than young adults, and to determine this for both 2nd generation (2G) GSM, and 3rd generation (3G) W-CDMA exposures. To test this, resting alpha activity (8-12 Hz band of the electroencephalogram) was assessed because numerous studies have now reported it to be enhanced by MP exposure. Forty-one 13-15 year olds, forty-two 19-40 year olds, and twenty 55-70 year olds were tested using a double-blind crossover design, where each participant received Sham, 2G and 3G exposures, separated by at least 4 days. Alpha activity, during exposure relative to baseline, was recorded and compared between conditions. Consistent with previous research, the young adults' alpha was greater in the 2G compared to Sham condition, however, no effect was seen in the adolescent or the elderly groups, and no effect of 3G exposures was found in any group. The results provide further support for an effect of 2G exposures on resting alpha activity in young adults, but fail to support a similar enhancement in adolescents or the elderly, or in any age group as a function of 3G exposure.

Application of salesman-like recommendation system in 3G mobile phone online shopping decision support

The rapid growth of e-commerce has confronted both enterprises and consumers with a new situation. Whereas companies are finding it harder to survive, consumers are unable to effectively select the products that really to meet their needs. To reduce the product overload of Internet shoppers, a variety of recommendation techniques that track previous actions of groups of consumers to make personalized recommendations have been developed and applied. Current personalized recommendation systems suffer from the need to analyze large sets of consumer data, or data for numerous consumers. However, even within a single group, consumer preferences may differ, and individual preferences may also change with circumstances. Additionally, the consumer product knowledge influences their browsing actions. To orient Web-visitors on how to become consumers, a salesman-like recommendation technology was developed based on visitor product preference index, which comprises of their product knowledge and browsing actions in scene. A prototype system for use with high-technology product, 3G phones, was developed to test the effectiveness of the recommendation technology. Through a test of 250 objectives, the results show that the recommendation deviation level can be reduced to 0.49, and exact fit with visitor favor products can reach 60.8%, showing that the proposed model can achieve recommendation effectiveness.

Integrated Dual-Display-Based 3G Mobile Phone / Wireless Terminal

In this paper, we describe HW and SW features of the developed prototype of a hybrid 3G mobile phone and wireless terminal, which provides integral video projection onto two VGA/2 displays that, when put side-by-side, form the integrated display with the ratio of the overall width to its overall height, equal to 4:3, so providing the integral video VGA format and enabling visual presentation of standard full-size web pages, PC mainstream SW screens (such as e.g. the ones of e-mail clients), multi-media content etc. When not in use, the displays can be fold back one onto each other, so preserving the industry-standard dimensions of the device. The two displays that share the image provide it with overall resolution of 640 x 480 pixels per inch. The device is driven by Texas Instruments OMAP 2420 multimedia processor with ARM1136 core and Linux operating system. In addition, the device is equipped with specially developped prototypes of unique spring/microgenerator-based battery charger as well as with ultra-thin mountable foil-based QWERTY keyboard.

Ambient Anomie in the Virtualised Landscape? Autonomy, Surveillance and Flows in the 2020 Streetscape

Ambient Anomie in the Virtualised Landscape? Autonomy, Surveillance and Flows in the 2020 Streetscape

Tagging is Connecting: Shared Object Memories as Channels for Sociocultural Cohesion

Tagging is Connecting: Shared Object Memories as Channels for Sociocultural Cohesion

Technological innovations and 3G mobile phone diffusion: Lessons learned from Japan

Technology and innovation become more important determinants of corporate competitiveness, and the telecommunications sector is no exception. A good example is found in the development of the mobile phones. Technological development, embodied in innovative functions developed from the first (1G) to third generation (3G) systems, has played significantly important roles in the growth and upheavals of the Japanese mobile phone market. In addition, development in contents, value-added services which are supplied by related firms formed in the vertical structure, charging systems, handset development; all these have made this small gadget an increasingly important part of daily life. This paper heuristically analyzes the effect of technological innovations and competition policies on the diffusion of 3G mobile phones in Japan. In particular, this paper attempts to identify what are factors to promote the Japanese 3G mobile phone by using panel data analysis. In constructing an estimation model, the number of subscribers to 3G mobile phone services is taken as a dependent variable, while the following three groups of variables (1) GDP and charges, (2) competition policies, and (3) technological innovations are selected as independent variables. The study examines not only the 3G market as a whole but also the three major individual carriers, namely NTT DOCOMO, au (KDDI) and Softbank. In particular, the latter focuses on the different strategies of the three carriers toward innovations and competition. Monthly data related to 3G mobile phones from October 2001 to December 2008 is used for the analysis.

Eradication of Magnetic Radiations Produced by Mobiles Devices

Global System for Mobile Communication is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the World. Its promoter, the GSM Association, estimates that 82 % of the global mobile market uses the standard. GSM is used by over 3 billion people across more than 212 countries and union territories. Its ubiquity makes international roaming very common between mobile phone operators, enabling subscribers to use their phones in many parts of the world. GSM differs from its predecessors in that both signaling and speech channels are digital and thus is considered a second generation (2G) mobile phone system. This has also meant that data communication was easy to build into the system. The main objective of this paper to overcome the problems of Mobile by using “Talk Safe Mobile Protection chip”.

Technology and Innovation in the Diffusion Process of 3G Mobile Phones in Japan

Technology and innovation become more important determinants of corporate competitiveness, and the telecommunications sector is no exception. A good example is found in the development of mobile phones. Technological development, embodied in innovative functions from first generation (1G) to third generation (3G) systems, has played significantly important roles in the growth and upheavals of the Japanese mobile phone market. In addition, development in contents, value added services which are supplied by related firms formed in the vertical structures, charging systems, handset development; all these have made this small gadget an increasingly important part for daily life.The paper analyses the effect of technological innovations and competition policies on the diffusion of 3G mobile phones in Japan. In particular, the paper attempts to identify what are the factors to promote the 3G mobile phones in Japan by using panel data analysis. To construct an empirical model, the number of subscribers to 3G mobile phones is taken as a dependent variable, while the following three groups of variables (1) GDP and charges, (2) competition policies, and (3) technological innovations are selected as independent variables. This paper analyses not only the 3G market as a whole but also individual three carriers namely NTT DOCOMO, au (KDDI) and Softbank. In particular, the latter focuses on different strategies of three carriers toward technological innovations and competition. Monthly data related to 3G mobile phones from October 2001 to December 2008 is used for the analysis.

The effects of 30 min 3G mobile phone exposure on thermal pain threshold in healthy human volunteers

Event Abstract Back to Event The effects of 30 min 3G mobile phone exposure on thermal pain threshold in healthy human volunteers Zsuzsanna Vécsei1, 2*, Árpád Csathó3, György Thuróczy1 and István Hernádi2 1 National Research Institute of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Department of Non-ionizing Radiation, Hungary 2 University of Pecs, Department of Exerimental Zoology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Science, Hungary 3 University of Pecs, Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Medical School, Hungary In the present study the effect of a single 30 min 3G mobile phone like electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure was examined on heat ramp evoked thermal pain threshold (TPT) in young healthy human volunteers. In the first experiment (Exp. 1), a miniature telemetric thermal stimulator system was designed and validated with capsaicin-induced, short term hypersensitivity tests in simultaneous TPT measurements on the fingertips of the two index fingers in 20 healthy human volunteers in a single blind experimental arrangement. In the second experiment (Exp. 2), 10 new volunteers were recruited for an EMF provocation study. In a single-blind task design, subjects were exposed to either genuine or sham irradiation in two separate sessions (genuine EMF or SHAM) with at least one week break between the sessions. In each session, 6 blocks of 3 TPT trials were recorded on the tips of each index finger. Experimental data were recorded at –30, 0, 15, 30, 60 90 min. EMF/SHAM exposure lasted from 0-30 min. Results of Exp. 1 indicate that the newly designed measurement system was successfully validated with hypersensitivity inducing agent capsaicin. Our preliminary results from Exp. 2 support the notion, that a single 30 min irradiation from new generation 3G mobile phones may not induce measurable changes in TPT or VAS pain ratings in the given time window of the experimental design. The present results indicate that a single exposure to 3G mobile phones does not interfere with basic somatosensory mechanisms in healthy human subjects. Conference: IBRO International Workshop 2010, Pécs, Hungary, 21 Jan - 23 Jan, 2010. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Sensory and motor systems Citation: Vécsei Z, Csathó Á, Thuróczy G and Hernádi I (2010). The effects of 30 min 3G mobile phone exposure on thermal pain threshold in healthy human volunteers. Front. Neurosci. Conference Abstract: IBRO International Workshop 2010. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnins.2010.10.00271 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 06 May 2010; Published Online: 06 May 2010. * Correspondence: Zsuzsanna Vécsei, National Research Institute of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Department of Non-ionizing Radiation, Budapest, Hungary, zsuzska84@yahoo.de Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Zsuzsanna Vécsei Árpád Csathó György Thuróczy István Hernádi Google Zsuzsanna Vécsei Árpád Csathó György Thuróczy István Hernádi Google Scholar Zsuzsanna Vécsei Árpád Csathó György Thuróczy István Hernádi PubMed Zsuzsanna Vécsei Árpád Csathó György Thuróczy István Hernádi Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

3G MOBILE PHONE ADOPTION AND CONTINUED USE: A PILOT STUDY

The third generation (3G) mobile communication standard, paired with advanced cellular phone handsets permit individuals to access an increasing number of web and location based services. Mobile computing platforms represent a very large potential market segment for technology manufacturers and communication service providers. This paper examines the key factors that influence the adoption process and continued use of 3G mobile phones. Based on several well-known theories like Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) the current research attempts to develop a specific and practical model for the process of adopting 3G mobile phones and subsequent continued use by adopters. Data is collected via surveys from potential 3G customers. Descriptive statistics and multinomial regression are used to analyze data, and examine the relationships between constructs.

Aspects of Information Communications Technology for Better Medical Control

The 3G mobile phone has propagation problems in urban areas and experiences severe congestion after major disasters in supporting mobile eHealth. We expect a Quasi-zenith satellite with nationwide coverage. In near future, the data transmission of image of pharygoscopy, motion picture of light reflex, 12-leads ECG, automated ultrasonic echo and vital signs from ambulances shall be performed to assist medical control. For example, Thrombolytic agents are reportedly effective even when injected into a vein, if injected in the early stages of acute myocardial infarction, which will reduce medical costs, resulting in high-quality services available uniformly across the nation. This paper describes Japanese aspects of mobile eHealth to support ambulatory applications.

Taiwanese 3G mobile phone demand forecasting by SVR with hybrid evolutionary algorithms

Taiwan is one of the countries with higher mobile phone penetration rate in the world, along with the increasing maturity of 3G relevant products, the establishments of base stations, and updating regulations of 3G mobile phones, 3G mobile phones are gradually replacing 2G phones as the mainstream product. Therefore, accurate 3G mobile phones demand forecasting is desirable and necessary to communications policy makers and all enterprises. Due to the complex market competitions and various subscribers’ demands, 3G mobile phones demand forecasting reveals highly non-linear characteristics. Recently, support vector regression (SVR) has been successfully employed to solve non-linear regression and time-series problems. This investigation employs genetic algorithm–simulated annealing hybrid algorithm (GA–SA) to choose the suitable parameter combination for a SVR model. Subsequently, examples of 3G mobile phones demand data from Taiwan were used to illustrate the proposed SVRGA–SA model. The empirical results reveal that the proposed model outperforms the other two models, namely the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and the general regression neural networks (GRNN) model.

Planning the development strategy for the mobile communication package based on consumers’ choice preferences

This study aims to determine the services provided by TSPs for motivating the consumers to purchase new e-era mobile phones and find their corresponding functions of products, and to plan new e-era mobile phones based on customers’ attributes for satisfying the customer needs. This study uses four aspects (image of product, price of product, function of product and derived function of product) and 14 criteria to determine customer’s motivations of purchase and needs on new e-era mobile phones. We also combined AHP (Analytic hierarchy process) and FIM (Fuzzy integral method) with MCDM techniques to construct the value-created evaluation model for planning the new e-era mobile phones. This study selects 27 styles of 3G mobile phones already sold on the market, and uses the different customer’s attributes data to evaluate price’s satisfaction (product’s price) and value’s satisfaction (product’s image, product’s function and product’s derived function) for performance of these 3G mobile phones in a 2-axle evaluation map based on mass customization. This study shows three different customer’s attributes (male, female, both) to measure the satisfaction performance of 3G mobile phones in a 2-axle development strategy map using data from people that are surveyed randomly by 21–30 years old. The development strategy map will provide some new strategy view for developing new e-era mobile phone market based on value and price-satisfied portfolios.

Japanese Telemedical Concept of Ambulatory Application

Transmission of in-ambulance data without inconveniencing or undue effort by the rescue crew-in other words, automation of in-ambulance activities (measurement/analysis, activity recording, message transmission)-is essential in implementing uniform medical control standards across the nation. However, the 3G mobile phone has propagation problems at urban area and severe congestions after major disaster to support mobile telemedicine. So we are expecting the Quasi-zenith satellite with nationwide coverage. In near future, we are expecting the data transmission of image of pharygoscopy, motion picture of light reflex, 12-leads ECG, automated ultrasonic echo and vital signs from ambulances to triage center. For example, Thrombolytic agents are reportedly effective even when injected into a vein, if injected in the early stages of acute myocardial infarction, that will reduce medical costs, resulting in high-quality services available uniformly across the nation. This paper describes our basic concept to support ambulatory application.

Exploring the mass adoption of third-generation (3G) mobile phones in Taiwan

Given that no all new mobile telecommunications technology are accepted by the mass market, this study aims to understand the mass adoption of third-generation (3G) mobile phones that is hypothesized to comprise three consumer perceptions: new technology, new service, and new handset. Based on the theoretical framework of a consumer's decision making process, an empirical study of the mass adoption of 3G mobile phones in Taiwan was conducted. This study demonstrated that perceived utility of a new mobile service was a key factor that resulted in mass adoption. Further, it was found that perceived utility of a new handset directly stimulate consumers to purchase 3G mobile phones. Perceived risk and perceived expense are not negatively correlated with intentions as hypothesized. Moreover, perceived no need was another key factor that inhibited adoption and purchase intention.

Electromagnetic Interference Immunity Testing of Medical Equipment to Second- and Third-Generation Mobile Phones

There has been concern regarding the effect of electromagnetic interference (EMI) on medical equipment from portable wireless communication devices in hospitals in Hong Kong. The latest third-generation (3G) mobile communication system was fully implemented in 2004. As a result, an investigation to examine the EMI issues surrounding medical equipment, due to interference from communication devices, including GSM900, PCS1800, and 3G digital mobile phones, has been carried out. A statistical analysis has shown that the cumulative distribution function of base station signals within the hospital's environment follows the Weibull distribution for all three mobile phone systems in Hong Kong and that the percentage of failed medical equipment increases with a correlation of an increase in the radiated power level of the mobile phone. This is a direct result of a weakening in base station signals. The EMI effect from 3G mobile phones is also found to be four to eight times lower than that of the GSM900 and PCS1800, in locations inside the hospitals with weak base station signal strength, such as a basement or in operation theaters.

Chinese Experience with Global 3G Standard-Setting

China’s growth strategy as set out in the 11th 5-year plan in 2005 called for upgrading of product quality, the development of an innovation society, and reduced reliance on foreign intellectual property with high license fees. Consistent with this policy, China has been involved in recent years with the development of a Chinese standard in third generation (3G) mobile phone technology, both in negotiating the standard and seeing it through to commercialization. This is the first case of a developing country both originating and successfully negotiating a telecommunications standard and this experience raises issues for China’s future development strategy based on product and process upgrading in manufacturing. We argue that while precedent setting from an international negotiating point of view, the experience has thus far is unproven commercially. But the lessons learned will benefit future related efforts in follow-on technologies if similar Chinese efforts are made. This paper documents Chinese standard-setting efforts from proposal submission to ITU to the current large-scale trial network deployment in China and overseas trial networks deployment. We discuss the underlying objectives for this initiative, evaluate its effectiveness, and assess its broader implications for Chinese development policy.

Effects of twenty-minute 3G mobile phone irradiation on event related potential components and early gamma synchronization in auditory oddball paradigm

We investigated the potential effects of 20 min irradiation from a new generation Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) 3G mobile phone on human event related potentials (ERPs) in an auditory oddball paradigm. In a double-blind task design, subjects were exposed to either genuine or sham irradiation in two separate sessions. Before and after irradiation subjects were presented with a random series of 50 ms tone burst (frequent standards: 1 kHz, P=0.8, rare deviants: 1.5 kHz, P=0.2) at a mean repetition rate of 1500 ms while electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. The subjects' task was to silently count the appearance of targets. The amplitude and latency of the N100, N200, P200 and P300 components for targets and standards were analyzed in 29 subjects. We found no significant effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) irradiation on the amplitude and latency of the above ERP components. In order to study possible effects of EMF on attentional processes, we applied a wavelet-based time-frequency method to analyze the early gamma component of brain responses to auditory stimuli. We found that the early evoked gamma activity was insensitive to UMTS RF exposition. Our results support the notion, that a single 20 min irradiation from new generation 3G mobile phones does not induce measurable changes in latency or amplitude of ERP components or in oscillatory gamma-band activity in an auditory oddball paradigm.

Chinese consumer's adoption intention towards 3G mobile phone

This research paper proposed a model for the adoption of wireless communication technology. Specifically, we examined factors affecting the adoption of 3G mobile phone in China. This research is primarily based on a telephone survey with a valid sample of 280 random respondents who have experience in using 3G mobile phones from five major cities in China. The empirical result shows that 'technology cluster' is significantly important, while other factors in predicting user's intention to adopt 3G mobile phone are not significant. To some extent, it is contradictory to some existing innovation adoption literatures. Practical and theoretical implications and explanations are provided. Further research in this area is highly recommended.

The World is Watching

The 2008 Beijing Olympics is the most hi-tech media event. The games provide the Chinese media an unrivalled opportunity to upgrade broadcast and telecommunications networks and launch new digital services to 1.3 billion Chinese and international visitors to the games. This paper examines the preparations the Chinese government did for broadcasting the games, including investments in high-definition (HDTV), in China Central TV, 3G mobile phone services and mobile TV (CMMB). With survey data collected prior to the games, this paper presents results on how the Chinese watched TV programmes promoting the games in public transit systems and how the exposure stimulated interest in watching more such programmes.