3D Technology Research Articles

Application of three-dimensional visualization technology in early surgical repair of bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the application value of three-dimensional (3D) visualization technology in the early surgical repair of bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 15 patients who underwent early surgical repair of bile duct injury during LC with the assistance of 3D visualization technology at the Hepatobiliary Surgery Department of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People’s Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022. Postoperative efficacy and long-term follow-up outcomes were summarized.ResultsBefore the repair surgery, 15 cases of bile duct injury during LC were evaluated using 3D visualization technology according to the Strasberg-Bismuth classification: 2 cases of type C, 4 of type E1, 3 of type E2, 3 of type E3, and 3 of type E4. Intraoperative findings were consistent with the 3D visualization reconstruction results, and all patients successfully underwent hepaticojejunostomy using Roux-en-Y anastomosis guided by the 3D visualization navigation. The time interval between LC and bile duct repair surgery ranged from 5 to 28 (14.2 ± 9.7) days. The surgical time was between 120 and 190 (156.40 ± 23.92) min, and estimated blood loss ranged from 80 to 250 (119.66 ± 47.60) mL. The length of hospital stay ranged from 12 to 25 days (median: 16 days). One patient experienced mild bile leakage after the operation, which healed with conservative treatment. All patients were followed up for 12–56 months (median: 34 months) without any loss to follow-up. During the follow-up period, no complications, such as anastomotic stricture or stone formation, were observed.ConclusionThe application of 3D visualization technology for preoperative evaluation and intraoperative navigation can accurately and effectively facilitate early surgical repair of bile duct injury during LC and has clinical value for promotion and application.

Assessment of Interrater Reliability and Accuracy of Cerebral Aneurysm Morphometry Using 3D Virtual Reality, 2D Digital Subtraction Angiography, and 3D Reconstruction: A Randomized Comparative Study.

Detailed morphometric analysis of an aneurysm and the related vascular bifurcation are critical factors when determining rupture risk and planning treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). The standard visualization of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and its 3D reconstruction on a 2D monitor provide precise measurements but are subject to variability based on the rater. Visualization using virtual (VR) and augmented reality platforms can overcome those limitations. It is, however, unclear whether accurate measurements of the aneurysm and adjacent arterial branches can be obtained on VR models. This study aimed to assess interrater reliability and compare measurements between 3D VR, standard 2D DSA, and 3D DSA reconstructions, evaluating the reliability and accuracy of 3D VR as a measurement tool. A pool of five neurosurgeons performed three individual analyses on each of the ten UIA cases, measuring them in completely immersed 3D VR and the standard on-screen format (2D DSA and 3D reconstruction). This resulted in three independent measurements per modality for each case. Interrater reliability of measurements and morphology characterization, comparative differences, measurement duration, and VR user experience were assessed. Interrater reliability for 3D VR measurements was significantly higher than for 3D DSA measurements (3D VR mean intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.69 ± 0.22 vs. 3D DSA mean ICC: 0.36 ± 0.37, p = 0.042). No significant difference was observed between 3D VR and 2D DSA (3D VR mean ICC: 0.69 ± 0.22 vs. 2D DSA mean ICC: 0.43 ± 0.31, p = 0.12). A linear mixed-effects model showed no effect of 3D VR and 3D DSA (95% CI = -0.26-0.28, p = 0.96) or 3D VR and 2D DSA (95% CI = -0.02-0.53, p = 0.066) on absolute measurements of the aneurysm in the anteroposterior, mediolateral, and craniocaudal dimensions. 3D VR technology allows for reproducible, accurate, and reliable measurements comparable to measurements performed on a 2D screen. It may also potentially improve precision for measurements of non-planar aneurysm dimensions.

Rodent model of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a systematic review.

Although significant progress has been made in developing preclinical models for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), few have encapsulated the essential biological and clinical outcome elements reflective of the human condition. We conducted a comprehensive literature review of English-language original research articles published from 1990 to 2023, sourced from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, aiming to collate studies that provided a comparative analysis of physiological, metabolic, and hepatic histological characteristics between MASLD models and control groups. The establishment of a robust metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver rodent model hinges on various factors, including animal species and strains, sex, induction agents and methodologies, and the duration of induction. Through this review, we aim to guide researchers in selecting suitable induction methods and animal species for constructing preclinical models aligned with their specific research objectives and laboratory conditions. Future studies should strive to develop simple, reliable, and reproducible models, considering the model's sensitivity to factors such as light-dark cycles, housing conditions, and environmental temperature. Additionally, the potential of diverse in vitro models, including 3D models and liver organ technology, warrants further exploration as valuable tools for unraveling the cellular mechanisms underlying fatty liver disease.

Manufacturing of a 3D-printed electrode cost-effective based on carbon black and polylactic acid for detection of flunixin anti-inflammatory

This study presents the manufacturing and application of a 3D-printed sensor based on CB/PLA for detecting the anti-inflammatory drug flunixin (FXN). The proposed sensor features a simple design and accessible construction process with fast production (∼25 min), fast activation (∼400 s), low cost (∼0.044 USD), and stands out for its sensitivity (0.083 µA µmol l-1) and low detection limit (0.30 µmol l-1). Furthermore, the sensor presents allowed the determination of the FXN in real samples such as pharmaceutical formulations (tablet and injectable), tap and river water without pretreatment. The selectivity obtained was satisfactory in the presence of metal ions and organic compounds. The results showed that the use of 3D printing technology with fast surface treatment made it possible to study the anti-inflammatory behavior of FXN in a satisfactory way. Therefore, it is pertinent to use 3D technology in electrochemical analyses of potential antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals.

Case Study and Literature Review on 3D Data Acquisition Technology for Small Artifacts

This study typification artifacts and data acquisition technologies and derived implications through a survey of domestic and oversea cases related to 3D data acquisition technology for small artifacts equal to or less than 15 cm. In terms of the type of relics, ceramics and earthenware(44.8%) and metals(27.6%) occupied the top ranks, while the proportion of wood and stone was relatively very low. In terms of technology, X-ray CT(61.2%), 3D scanning(15.5%), and photogrammetry(11.7%) showed high utilization rates. In order to ensure the sustainability and utilization of cultural heritage at a macro level, it is necessary to establish an accurate analysis of relics and a preservation strategy that complements the limitations of 3D data acquisition technology through the convergence of various technologies to increase the effectiveness of data acquisition, and to determine the external shape of the relics. An in-depth approach to future convergence technology is required to acquire high-precision 3D data, including information as well as internal structure and manufacturing techniques.

Teaching Reform of BIM Modeling and Realistic 3D Integration Application

BIM technology is based on three digit technology to achieve information integration and sharing throughout the entire life cycle of buildings, which can effectively improve design and construction efficiency. Realistic 3D technology is a technology that digitally presents real-world objects and scenes in high-precision, high-efficiency, and high fidelity 3D form, which can objectively and realistically reflect the real world and provide rich spatial analysis functions. This article integrates real-life 3D and BIM modeling technology and applies it to practical teaching of civil engineering majors in vocational colleges, explores its teaching practice methods, and proposes reform measures such as deepening course design, innovating teaching methods, deepening school enterprise cooperation, and improving assessment and evaluation systems. In order to enhance students' competitiveness in employment and continuously promote the teaching reform of BIM modeling courses.

Utilizing 3D Point Clouds and Deep Learning Technology in Multimedia Instruction for Sports Mechanics

In this paper, an optimization model based on 3D point cloud and deep learning theory is constructed, which improves the fluency and accuracy of multimedia sports operation. The model has performed well in sports mechanics teaching and proved its outstanding performance. It is found that the changes of the three kinds of point clouds have different laws, and the spherical neighborhood gradually decreases, while the adjacent neighborhood shows an upward fluctuation trend. The neighborhood of cylinder shows linear and nonlinear characteristics. The parameter curve of point cloud model fluctuates greatly, and the curve corresponding to function output value fluctuates widely, while the curve corresponding to feature extraction method fluctuates relatively little. The ability training index plays a significant role in improving the model output, the multimedia input index fluctuates well, and the teaching method index shows an approximate linear change law. The accuracy of the model is verified by data calculation method, which provides theoretical guidance for multimedia sports mechanics teaching.

3D bioprinting technology and equipment based on microvalve control.

3D bioprinting technology is widely used in biomedical fields such as tissue regeneration and constructing pathological model. The prevailing printing technique is extrusion-based bioprinting. In this printing method, the bioink needs to meet both printability and functionality, which are often conflicting requirements. Therefore, this study has developed an innovative microvalve-based equipment, incorporating components such as pressure control, a three-dimensional motion platform, and microvalve. Here, we present a droplet-based method for constructing complex three-dimensional structures. By leveraging the rapid switching characteristics of the microvalve, this equipment can achieve precise printing of bio-materials with viscosities as low as 10mPa·s, significantly expanding the biofabrication window for bioinks. This technology is of great significance for 3D bioprinting in tissue engineering and lays a solid foundation for the construction of complex artificial organ tissues.

Modern methods of 3D diagnostics and prototyping in temporomandibular joint reconstruction

This study presents the result of work using an optimized approach to preoperative planning and prototyping during TMJ replacement. The purpose of the study was to substantiate the need for the use of 3D technologies at the planning stage of surgical joint reconstruction. To achieve this goal, we analyzed the treatment data of 90 patients, who were divided into 2 groups. In the first group (n = 60), patients underwent preliminary planning followed by the manufacture of individual endoprostheses and templates, while the data in the second group (n = 30) were obtained through a retrospective analysis of medical records (no planning was carried out, stock endoprostheses were used). Pain, mouth opening, and quality of life scores were used for comparison. Data analysis supports the use of three-dimensional planning and manufacturing of individual endoprostheses and templates when performing temporomandibular joint replacement.

Spheroid-Hydrogel-Integrated Biomimetic System: A New Frontier in Advanced Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Technology.

Despite significant advances in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technologies, creating accurate in vitro models that faithfully recapitulate complex in vivo environments remains a major challenge in biomedical research. Traditional culture methods often fail to simultaneously facilitate critical cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions while providing control over mechanical and biochemical properties. This review introduces the spheroid-hydrogel-integrated biomimetic system (SHIBS), a groundbreaking approach that synergistically combines spheroid culture with tailored hydrogel technologies. SHIBS uniquely bridges the gap between traditional culture methods and physiological conditions by offering unprecedented control over both cellular interactions and environmental properties. We explore how SHIBS is revolutionizing fields ranging from drug discovery and disease modeling to regenerative medicine and basic biological research. The review discusses current challenges in SHIBS technology, including reproducibility, scalability, and high-resolution imaging, and outlines ongoing research addressing these issues. Furthermore, we envision the future evolution of SHIBS into more sophisticated organoid-hydrogel-integrated biomimetic systems and its integration with cutting-edge technologies such as microfluidics, 3D bioprinting, and artificial intelligence. SHIBS represents a paradigm shift in 3D cell culture technology, offering a unique solution to recreate complex in vivo environments. Its potential to accelerate the development of personalized therapies across various biomedical fields is significant. While challenges persist, the ongoing advancements in SHIBS technology promise to overcome current limitations, paving the way for more accurate and reliable in vitro models. The future integration of SHIBS with emerging technologies may revolutionize biomimetic modeling, potentially reducing the need for animal testing and expediting drug discovery processes. This comprehensive review provides researchers and clinicians with a holistic understanding of SHIBS technology, its current capabilities, and its future prospects in advancing biomedical research and therapeutic innovations.

Cardiac Organoids: A 3D Technology for Disease Modeling and Drug Screening.

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide; therefore, there is increasing attention to developing physiological-related in vitro cardiovascular tissue models suitable for personalized healthcare and preclinical test. Recently, more complex and powerful in vitro models have emerged for cardiac research. Human cardiac organoids (HCOs) are three-dimensional (3D) cellular constructs similar to in vivo organs. They are derived from pluripotent stem cells and can replicate the structure, function, and biogenetic information of primitive tissues. High-fidelity HCOs are closer to natural human myocardial tissue than animal and cell models to some extent, which helps to study better the development process of the heart and the occurrence of related diseases. In this review, we introduce the methods for constructing HCOs and the application of them, especially in cardiovascular disease modeling and cardiac drug screening. In addition, we propose the prospects and limitations of HCOs. In summary, we have introduced the research progress of HCOs and described their innovation and practicality of them in the biomedical field.

Integrated Scale-Adaptive Adjustment Factor-Enhanced BlendMask Method for Pineapple Processing System

This study addresses the challenge of efficiently peeling pineapples, which have a distinct elliptical form, thick skin, and small eyes that are difficult to detect with conventional automated methods. This results in significant flesh waste. To improve the process, we developed an integrated system combining an enhanced BlendMask method, termed SAAF-BlendMask, and a Pose Correction Planning (PCP) method. SAAF-BlendMask improves the detection of small pineapple eyes, while PCP ensures accurate posture adjustment for precise path planning. The system uses 3D vision and deep learning technologies, achieving an average precision (AP) of 73.04% and a small object precision (APs) of 62.54% in eye detection, with a path planning success rate reaching 99%. The fully automated electromechanical system was tested on 110 real pineapples, demonstrating a reduction in flesh waste by 11.7% compared to traditional methods. This study highlights the potential of advanced machine vision and robotics in enhancing the efficiency and precision of food processing.

Multilayer Reconfigurable 3D Photonics Integrated Circuits Based on Deposition Method

AbstractPhotonics integrated circuits (PICs) can overcome the bottlenecks in communication capacity. 3D PIC technology is an attractive method for increasing density effectively and combining different materials on one chip for functional integration. In this study, a low‐cost and reconfigurable 3D integrated silicon photonics (SiPhs) platform is proposed fabricated by depositing polycrystalline silicon (poly‐Si) on crystalline silicon (c‐Si), which is patterned through deep ultraviolet (DUV) stepper‐based manufacturing process. The high mobility of poly‐Si ensures high‐speed and power‐efficient modulation. Based on the proposed 3D SiPhs platform, an 8 × 8 optical switch whose units are separated in different layers is fabricated and packaged. The switch shows average insertion losses of −13.98 and −15.86 dB, while working in “all‐cross” and “all‐bar” states, respectively. The crosstalk is lower than −19 and −11 dB for “all‐cross” and “all‐bar” states. Additionally, an overlayer switch located on the 1st and 3rd layers is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, which offers overlapping capabilities that are more compact compared with switches in a single‐layer platform. This validates the possibility of the large‐density integration scalability of the platform.

The virtual reconstruction of Cervara di Roma fortress: methods and tools for the dissemination of the past

Three-dimensional (3D) technologies play a crucial role in the philological reconstruction of archaeological contexts. The integration of technology and archaeological evidence has made it possible to develop 3D virtual reconstructions, providing valuable insights into the temporal evolution of archaeological sites. This innovation serves as a significant research and analytical resource, enabling the visualisation of possible scenarios related to archaeological contexts that have significantly changed over time. Moreover, understanding these changes, the past and its relevance to the current context could pose a challenge to the general public. This work aims to illustrate a scalable rendering system using open-source Web3D apps and platforms, allowing access to information, 3D models, and descriptions to enhance the experience of artworks.

Digital Surveying for Revitalization of Finiq Municipality in Albania: Utilizing 3D Technologies for Heritage Preservation and Development

The Finiq Municipality in Albania is a rural region that is faced with a number of pressing challenges, including a declining population, isolation, and a lack of identity. These is- sues are prevalent in many rural areas of Albania and other countries and can have a substantial impact on the preservation of heritage structures and the overall development of the municipality. However, the territory possesses several potential advantages, such as its proximity to Saranda and the Albanian Riviera, the archaeological site of old Phoeniciae, and the 13th-century Orthodox monastery dedicated to St. Nicholas of Myra, as well as the qual- ity agribusiness production. Proper implementation of policies at the national, regional, and local levels could lead to a tourism-based revitalization of the area. In this framework, data plays a crucial role in project development as it forms the basis for informed decision-making and efficient planning. One of the key benefits of data is its ability to reveal patterns and trends, which can be leveraged for decision-making and improvement opportunities. In addition to demographic and sociological data, information describing the territory and human artifacts in their physical form is also essential. GIS tools are already in use and provide useful cartographic data, which effectively represents the complexity of the territory and the relationships between its various components. This data forms the founda- tion for creating advanced information systems, such as territorial digital twins, to deepen the knowledge of the territory. Integrated digital surveys, utilizing three-dimensional acquisi- tion technologies such as lase scanning and photogrammetry, can serve as a reliable source of input data for creating these knowledge tools. Point clouds offer valuable morphometric databases that are often critical for documenting not only architectural and cultural heritage but also infrastructure, modern artifacts, and larger portions of the territory. Different multis- calar approaches can be adopted to cater to the specific needs and requirements, for instance providing a detailed understanding of archaeological and monumental heritage, or the contextualization of settlements in the surrounding area. By integrating these data with GIS platforms and BIM models to create a comprehensive understanding of the municipality's territory, they can be utilized for preservation and conservation efforts, urban planning and development, and identifying potential structural issues. Additionally, the data collected through 3D survey technologies can be utilized to monitor the condition of the buildings and infrastructure, promoting better maintenance and planning, even considering the risks posed by the area, such as seismic risk. The digital data can also be used to create virtual tours and interactive models, promoting the municipality's cultural heritage and economic development. While the use of these procedures in a marginal area may initially seem disproportionate, it is not so much in relation to the subject of the survey, given the universally recognized historical and artistic value of some areas. The financial effort required to undertake such campaigns may seem substantial, but the project can be implemented in phases, integrated, and completed over time.

Integration of Hydrogels and 3D Bioprinting Technologies for Chronic Wound Healing Management.

The integration of hydrogel-based bioinks with 3D bioprinting technologies presents an innovative approach to chronic wound management, which is particularly challenging to treat because of its multifactorial nature and high risk of complications. Using precise deposition techniques, 3D bioprinting significantly alters traditional wound care paradigms by enabling the fabrication of patient-specific wound dressings that imitate natural tissue properties. Hydrogels are notably beneficial for these applications because of their abundant water content and mechanical properties, which promote cell viability and pathophysiological processes of wound healing, such as re-epithelialization and angiogenesis. This article reviews key 3D printing technologies and their significance in enhancing the structural and functional outcomes of wound-care solutions. Challenges in bioink viscosity, cell viability, and printability are addressed, along with discussions on the cross-linking and mechanical stability of the constructs. The potential of 3D bioprinting to revolutionize chronic wound management rests on its capacity to generate remedies that expedite healing and minimize infection risks. Nevertheless, further studies and clinical trials are necessary to advance these therapies from laboratory to clinical use.

Reframing the Conservation: A Case Study in using 3D Imaging Technology to Restore Carved Wooden Elements on a Painting Frame

Reframing the Conservation: A Case Study in using 3D Imaging Technology to Restore Carved Wooden Elements on a Painting Frame

3D Bioprinting of Engineered Living Materials with Extracellular Electron Transfer Capability for Water Purification.

Attention is widely drawn to the extracellular electron transfer (EET) process of electroactive bacteria (EAB) for water purification, but its efficacy is often hindered in complex environmental matrices. In this study, the engineered living materials with EET capability (e-ELMs) were for the first time created with customized geometric configurations for pollutant removal using three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting platform. By combining EAB and tailored viscoelastic matrix, a biocompatible and tunable electroactive bioink for 3D bioprinting was initially developed with tuned rheological properties, enabling meticulous manipulation of microbial spatial arrangement and density. e-ELMs with different spatial microstructures were then designed and constructed by adjusting the filament diameter and orientation during the 3D printing process. Simulations of diffusion and fluid dynamics collectively showcase internal mass transfer rates and EET efficiency of e-ELMs with different spatial microstructures, contributing to the outstanding decontamination performances. Our research propels 3D bioprinting technology into the environmental realm, enabling the creation of intricately designed e-ELMs and providing promising routes to address the emerging water pollution concerns.

Integrated high-precision real scene 3D modeling of karst cave landscape based on laser scanning and photogrammetry

In recent years, the application of real scene 3D technology has become widespread in urban planning and cultural heritage protection. However, there has been relatively little attention paid to the construction of real scene 3D models for special natural landscapes such as caves. Given the global distribution of karst topography and the large number of naturally developed caves with diverse types, unique landscape styles, and significant scientific value, this paper enriches the research in this field. By combining ground-based and aerial remote sensing techniques, and based on 3D laser scanning and photogrammetry, we have successfully constructed a real scene 3D model of the internal structure of a karst cave with a precision better than 4 cm. Utilizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) oblique photography, we established a real scene 3D model of the external karst landform with a precision better than 2 cm. We also integrated the internal and external 3D models of the cave, developing a new, complete, and high-precision method for constructing real scene 3D models of karst cave landscapes. Furthermore, we proposed a method for texture reproduction in the dark environment inside the caves, enhancing the reproduction and visual appeal of the real interior. The establishment of high-precision real scene 3D models can not only serve as an effective tool for scientific research on caves but also, as replicas of the real world, play a crucial role in public dissemination and education, thereby enhancing public understanding of cave geological landscapes.

SELECTION OF GAS MIXER PARAMETERS FOR DIESEL CONVERSION GENERATOR MOTOR IN GAS DIESEL

According to literary sources, options for converting diesel engines into dual-fuel engines for operation on any fuel, in particular, natural gas (NG), were analyzed. The conversion method with external mixture formation and an ignition dose of liquid fuel involves the preparation of a gas-air mixture of the required composition in a special device. The methodology for choosing the design parameters of the gas mixer for the organization of the work process of a V-shaped diesel engine type 12Ch 15/17.5, converted into a gas diesel, which works as part of a motor-generator unit of backup power supply, is given. The basic design of the diesel motor-generator was analyzed. A comparative calculation of the working processes of diesel and gas-diesel variants of execution (with an ignition dose of diesel fuel of 10%) was carried out. The requirements for the design and location of the gas mixer have been formed. In the work, using 3D modeling technologies, the geometry of the gas mixer and its flow part were formed. Using the method of finite volumes, the calculation grid was synthesized and its adaptation near solid walls was carried out. Next, a series of numerical experiments was conducted in a three-dimensional setting to evaluate the throughput and quality of mixing network methane with air (when the robot is operating at typical operating modes). The distribution of flow velocities in the vertical and horizontal planes of the flow part of the gas mixer was evaluated, the change in pressure along the height of the gas mixer and the distribution of the mass fraction of methane in the flow part of the engine intake tract were analyzed, and scientific and practical recommendations were developed to ensure the efficient operation of gas diesel as part of a motor-generator installation. It is shown that the proposed design of the gas mixer allows effective mixing of methane with air when operating in the entire power range of the considered engine. The use of 3D modeling technologies, with the use of modern numerical methods, allows you to assess the operating conditions of the mixture by macro indicators and in local sub-regions, which allows, in the future, to develop recommendations for increasing the efficiency of the process of preparing the fuel-air mixture.