3D Imaging Measurements Research Articles

Three-dimensional imaging study on the anatomical morphology of trabecular bone of the condyle based on the distribution of volume of interests

Objective: To analyze the anatomical morphological characteristics of the trabecular bone of human mandibular condyle by observing the distribution of volume of interests (VOI). Methods: The micro-CT images of a right condyle specimen of a 61-year-old adult male was analyzed in this study. The cylindrical VOI with both diameter and height of 2 mm were arranged, according to a certain pattern, as many as possible at various levels within the trabecular bone of the condyle. Each VOI had no intersection area. The selected VOI were divided into 5 parts: medial part, middle part, lateral part, anterior part and posterior part, with 6 layers from top to bottom. And the distribution of the overall anatomical morphological characteristics of three-dimensional (3D) images of the trabecular bone of the condyle was analyzed by using seven morphological parameters of each VOI, i.e. bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), bone surface area/bone volume (BS/BV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular bone number (Tb.N), trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) and trabecular bone pattern factor (Tb.Pf). Results: In the present study, totally 34 VOI were selected from the condyle specimen.The morphological distribution of the VOI was uneven in the 3D structure of the trabecular bone of the human condyle. BMD, BV/TV, Tb.N and Tb.Th were much higher at the middle part, while showed the smallest at the medial part. The anterior part demonstrated much higher parameters than the posterior part at the first, second, fifth and sixth layers, respectively, however, the posterior part showed much higher parameters than the anterior part at the third and fourth layers, respectively. The BMD was much higher at the first [(332.66±97.11) mg/cm3] and sixth [(255.79±45.68) mg/cm3] layers, while the lowest at the second layer [(255.79±41.06) mg/cm3]. The BV/TV and Tb.N were much higher at the first layer, with the lowest at the fifth layer. The Tb.Th at the first layer [(0.11±0.03) mm] was much higher than the others, which were similarly lower. The BS/BV, Tb.Sp and Tb.Pf were lower at the first layer and much higher at the medial and lateral parts, while were lower at the middle and anterior parts. The posterior part demonstrated much higher BS/BV, Tb.Sp and Tb.Pf than the anterior part at the first, fifth and sixth layers, respectively. However, the anterior part showed much higher scores than the posterior part at the third and fourth layers, respectively. The ANOVA results showed that the 7 morphological parameters of VOI were not statistically significant amongst the 6 layers (P>0.05). However, the 6 out of the 7 parameters, i.e. BV/TV, BS/BV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, Tb.Sp and Tb.Pf, were statistically significant amongst the five parts (P<0.05), while the only parameter of BMD was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions: The anatomical distribution characteristics of the trabecular bone of condyle were analyzed by using 3D imaging measurement based on the VOI. The results showed uneven distributions and indicated that the method of dividing the trabecular bone of mandibular condyle into VOI sets, which accorded with its specific anatomical characteristics, was feasible for further reference.

条纹投影轮廓术系统模型与标定综述

Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) can well balance the system flexibility and the measurement accuracy, which is the mainstream technology of optical 3D imaging and shape measurement. When working with FPP, first an appropriate system should be established, and then the system parameters describing the system model should be determined via system calibration, finally the 3D shape is generated with 3D reconstruction by using the calibrated system model. System calibration and system model are tightly coupled, which have a direct impact on the performance of 3D imaging. The principle of FPP can be divided into two categories, i.e. the phase-3D mapping and the binocular stereo vision. This paper reviewed the system model and calibration strategy of FPP, which corresponded to the above two categories. Finally the method and basis for the accuracy evaluation of FPP were summarized.

3D Imaging Insights into Forests and Coral Reefs

Forests and coral reefs are structurally complex ecosystems threatened by climate change. In situ 3D imaging measurements provide unprecedented, quantitative, and detailed structural information that allows testing of hypotheses relating form to function. This affords new insights into both individual organisms and their relationship to their surroundings and neighbours.

2019 IFFAS Award for Excellence Winner: Peri-Prosthetic Cysts and Alignment in Total Ankle Replacement: A 3-D, Weight Bearing Topographical Study

Category:Ankle, Ankle ArthritisIntroduction/Purpose:Peri-prosthetic cysts (PPC) in Total Ankle Replacement (TAR) are a common failure cause but the mechanisms of their development remains unclear. One possible explanation could be hindfoot malalignment and subsequent unequal distribution of load inside the joint. However, how residual malalignment influences the evolution of PPC remains unclear. Computed tomography (CT) has demonstrated superiority on conventional radiography in the follow up of PPC. Weight Bearing CT (WBCT), by combining 3D imaging and weight bearing measurements seems a valid tool to investigate this further. The objective for this work was to study the effects of residual hindfoot deformity on the distribution of PPC in the coronal plane. We hypothesized that cysts would be found predominantly medially in varus configuration, and laterally in valgus configuration.Methods:Retrospective comparative study, ethics committee approved. Forty-eight cases of TAR were included, with relevant demographics. Inclusion criteria were cases of primary TAR with available WBCT imaging of their ankle as part of normal follow up. Exclusion criteria were subsequent implant revision or cyst grafting. In each case, the localization and size of PPC’s were documented and their volume calculated by approximation of the closest ellipsoid. Hindfoot alignment was evaluated by the percentage Foot Ankle Offset (FAO) (foot-length normalized 3D ratio between the midline of the foot and the center of the ankle) using a WBCT dedicated semi-automatic software. The mean FAO value with 95%CI for the population was calculated. The difference in medial and lateral cyst volume defined by their position relative to the median axis in the coronal plane was compared in varus and valgus cases by a Mann-Whitney non-parametric test for unpaired samples.Results:Demographic distributions of the series were 32% female, mean age 65 (45-85) years. Mean FAO value was 0.12% (95%CI -1.09 to 1.33). Mean follow up was 43 months (6 to 239). The mean total cyst volume per case was 1190,7 mm3. In varus cases (defined by FAO<-1.09%), the volume of medial cysts was greater than laterally by a mean 197 mm3, whereas in valgus cases (defined by FAO>1.33%), the volume of lateral cysts was greater than medially by a mean 332 mm3. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). There was a weak, significant positive correlation (r=0.25, p<0,001) between FAO and total cyst volume and a moderate, significant correlation (r=0,56, p<0,001) between time to follow up and total cyst volume.Conclusion:Our hypothesis was confirmed. Periprosthetic cysts volume in this series of primary TAR was found to be relatively greater medially in postoperative varus configurations and vice-versa laterally in valgus. This confirms a possible correlation between the direction of residual hindfoot malalignment and the coronal localization of PPC in TAR, although this is certainly not the only pathophysiologic factor involved in PPC onset. Weightbearing CT may be helpful in Total Ankle Replacement follow up, in order to early detect PPC development and possibly to identify situations at risk of a more rapid evolution.

Real-time 3D shape measurement using 3LCD projection and deep machine learning.

For 3D imaging and shape measurement, simultaneously achieving real-time and high-accuracy performance remains a challenging task in practice. In this paper, a fringe-projection-based 3D imaging and shape measurement technique using a three-chip liquid-crystal-display (3LCD) projector and a deep machine learning scheme is presented. By encoding three phase-shifted fringe patterns into the red, green, and blue (RGB) channels of a color image and controlling the 3LCD projector to project the RGB channels individually, the technique can synchronize the projector and the camera to capture the required fringe images at a fast speed. In the meantime, the 3D imaging and shape measurement accuracy is dramatically improved by introducing a novel phase determination approach built on a fully connected deep neural network (DNN) learning model. The proposed system allows performing 3D imaging and shape measurement of multiple complex objects at a real-time speed of 25.6fps with relative accuracy of 0.012%. Experiments have shown great promise for advancing scientific and engineering applications.

Visual-Acoustic Sensor-Aided Sorting Efficiency Optimization of Automotive Shredder Polymer Residues Using Circularity Determination.

To reduce the emissions and weight of vehicles, manufacturers are incorporating polymer materials into vehicles, and this has increased the difficulty in recycling End-of-Life vehicles (ELVs). About 25–30% (mass) of an ELV crushed mixture is the unrecyclable material known as automotive shredder residues (ASRs), and most of the vehicle polymers are concentrated in this fraction. Thus, these vehicle polymers are conventionally disposed of in landfills at a high risk to the environment. The only way to solve this problem is through the development of a novel separation and recycling mechanism for ASRs. Our previous research reported a novel sensor-aided single-scrap-oriented sorting method that uses laser-triangulation imaging combined with impact acoustic frequency recognition for sorting crushed ASR plastics, and we proved its feasibility. However, the sorting efficiencies were still limited, since, in previous studies, the method used for scrap size determination was mechanical sieving, resulting in many deviations. In this paper, a new method based on three-dimensional (3D) imaging and circularity analysis is proposed to determine the equivalent particle size with much greater accuracy by avoiding the issues that are presented by the irregularity of crushed scraps. In this research, two kinds of commonly used vehicle plastics, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and polypropylene (PP), and their corresponding composite materials, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene/polycarbonate (ABS/PC) and polypropylene/ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (PP/EPDM), were studied. When compared with our previous study, with this new method, the sorting efficiency increased, with PP and PP/EPDM and ABS and ABS/PC achieving about 15% and 20% and 70% and 90%, respectively. The sorting efficiency of ASR polymer scraps can be optimized significantly by using sensor-aided 3D image measurement and circularity analysis.

Assessment of volume preservation performed before or after partial nephrectomy accurately predicts postoperative renal function: Results from a prospective multicenter study

PurposePartial nephrectomy (PN) is standard for small renal masses, improving renal function by preserving renal parenchyma compared with radical nephrectomy. Recent work demonstrated that postoperative surgeon assessment of volume preservation (SAVP) and 3D imaging measurements agree and correlate with postoperative function. We hypothesize preoperative assessment of volume preservation (PAVP) with PN based on preoperative imaging will reliably indicate postoperative renal function. Materials and MethodsData were collected from 336 patients undergoing PN for suspected renal cancer by 40 surgeons at 12 centers in Europe and the United States within the Surface-Intermediate-Base International Consortium. Surgeons recorded PAVP and SAVP for individual patients; pre- and postoperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations. Correlations between PAVP, SAVP, and postoperative GFR were assessed with linear regression models. Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess agreement between PAVP and SAVP with a significant cutoff of 5%. ResultsMedian PAVP was 90% (interquartile range [IQR] 85%–100%) and SAVP was 90% (IQR: 80%–94%). PAVP and SAVP were moderately correlated (R2 = 0.67, P < 0.0001) and deemed “interchangeable” by Bland–Altman analysis at a 5% acceptable rate of difference (95% CI: −5.4, −3.1). Median postoperative GFR was 77.3 (IQR: 56.2, 92.0). Both PAVP (R2 = 0.82, P < 0.0001) and SAVP (R2 = 0.83, P < 0.0001) were correlated with postoperative GFR. Multivariable models utilizing volume-adjusted GFR based on PAVP or SAVP significantly and similarly predicted postoperative GFR (R2 = 0.72 for each). ConclusionRenal function is closely linked to the amount of parenchymal volume preservation, whether estimated prior to surgery (PAVP) or afterward (SAVP). PAVP provides reasonably accurate information for decision-making in patients considering PN.

A method for correcting radial distortion based on verifying the planarity of specimens

Image distortion is inevitable when an image is captured through a lens. While the digital image measurement technique is getting popular, image distortion problem can result in significant error. A new distortion correction method is proposed in this study. The proposed method is based on the fact that a flat surface should keep flat when it is measured using three-dimensional (3D) digital image measurement technique. The 3D digital image measurement technique adopted in this research is the simplified 3D digital image correlation (DIC) method. Because radial distortion has a more noticeable influence than other types of distortions, this method deals only with radial distortion. A few experiments are carried out in this study to verify the correctness of this method and its accuracy. Both simulated data and actual image data are adopted in these experiments. The results show that this method can achieve a good accuracy. The standard deviations caused by random errors are about the same order as the random errors. It also shows that this method is suitable for both large and small distortion conditions.

Intelligent 3D Video-Laser System for Measuring Distance and Avoidance of Obstruct Obstacles Integrable Into Robotic Platforms

AbstractOutcome of the scientific concerns from the Doctoral School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics at Valahia University of Târgovişte in the field of unconventional measurements using non-contact laser technique, the scientific work “Intelligent 3D video-laser system for measuring distance and avoidance of obstruct obstacles integrable into robotic platforms” is a work in progress being in the experimental phase of single-channel testing. The system is designed for robotic platforms for special interventions in high-risk work environments, with the main goal of an active, real-time 3D spatial stereo interface for the operator who manages the robotic platform remotely. 3D imaging and real-time measurements of distances provide the operator of the robotic intervention platform with the ability to perform extremely precise maneuvers. The scientific work ultimately results in an intelligent integral system that can predict the emergence of an obstacle to the robotic platform movement, thus determining the distance in real time to it. The measuring distance is between 0 m - 40 m, with an accuracy of +/−0.5 cm being synchronized with the video system with a clear visual area from 0.05 m to infinity. The 3D video laser system can simultaneously shoot movie or single images of the obstacle, storing data in 3D, photo or video digital formats, both locally in non-volatile memory or externally thru any GPSR network to the operator and / or to a control center. In later development, the measurement system will be coupled to a GPS network for auto location of position and architected with a self-defense and offensive module mounted on the mobile robotic platform. Thus, this complex project combines in a unified knowledge of Mechatronics, Integronics, Cyber-Mix Mechatronics, Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology.

鏡を利用した全周囲3次元画像計測における計測欠損の改善に関する基礎的研究

鏡を利用した全周囲3次元画像計測における計測欠損の改善に関する基礎的研究

Investigation of super-resolution processing algorithm by target light-intensity search in digital holography

Digital holography is expected to be useful in the analysis of moving three-dimensional (3D) image measurement. In this technique, a two-dimensional interference fringe recorded using a 3D image is captured with an image sensor, and the 3D image is reproduced on a computer. To obtain the reproduced 3D images with high spatial resolution, a high-performance image sensor is required, which increases the system cost. We propose an algorithm for super-resolution processing in digital holography that does not require a high-performance image sensor. The proposed algorithm wherein 3D images are considered as the aggregation of object points improves spatial resolution by performing a light-intensity search of the reproduced image and the object points.

Joint segmentation of lumen and outer wall from femoral artery MR images: Towards 3D imaging measurements of peripheral arterial disease

Three-dimensional (3D) measurements of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) plaque burden extracted from fast black-blood magnetic resonance (MR) images have shown to be more predictive of clinical outcomes than PAD stenosis measurements. To this end, accurate segmentation of the femoral artery lumen and outer wall is required for generating volumetric measurements of PAD plaque burden. Here, we propose a semi-automated algorithm to jointly segment the femoral artery lumen and outer wall surfaces from 3D black-blood MR images, which are reoriented and reconstructed along the medial axis of the femoral artery to obtain improved spatial coherence between slices of the long, thin femoral artery and to reduce computation time. The developed segmentation algorithm enforces two priors in a global optimization manner: the spatial consistency between the adjacent 2D slices and the anatomical region order between the femoral artery lumen and outer wall surfaces. The formulated combinatorial optimization problem for segmentation is solved globally and exactly by means of convex relaxation using a coupled continuous max-flow (CCMF) model, which is a dual formulation to the convex relaxed optimization problem. In addition, the CCMF model directly derives an efficient duality-based algorithm based on the modern multiplier augmented optimization scheme, which has been implemented on a GPU for fast computation. The computed segmentations from the developed algorithm were compared to manual delineations from experts using 20 black-blood MR images. The developed algorithm yielded both high accuracy (Dice similarity coefficients ≥ 87% for both the lumen and outer wall surfaces) and high reproducibility (intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.95 for generating vessel wall area), while outperforming the state-of-the-art method in terms of computational time by a factor of ≈ 20.

Sensitivity and specificity of cone beam computed tomography in thin bony structures in maxillofacial surgery – A clinical trial

IntroductionCone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) has become widely used in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. Accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of thin bony structures below 0.5 mm have been subject of some in vitro studies. This prospective in vivo study investigates the correlation between preoperative CBCT-imaging and intraoperative clinical examination of thin bony structures. We hereby present results from daily clinical routine. MethodsA total number of 80 sites in 64 patients has been examined to differentiate between preoperative 3D imaging and clinical measurements on cystic lesions in maxilla and mandible. Different CBCT-devices with a voxel size ranging from 0.08 mm to 0.4 mm were used. ResultsOverall-specificity found for detecting thin bony structures of the human jaw is 13.89%, overall sensitivity is 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) is 58.67% and negative predictive value (NPV) is 100%. DiscussionImage quality is the key to make use of additional information CBCT provides and depends on spatial, temporal and contrast resolution. CBCT does not depict reliably thin bony structures of the jaw, even if high voxel resolution is used. ConclusionIn selected cases using high resolution protocols should be considered despite affecting the patient with higher doses of radiation.

EXAMINATION ABOUT INFLUENCE FOR PRECISION OF 3D IMAGE MEASUREMENT FROM THE GROUND CONTROL POINT MEASUREMENT AND SURFACE MATCHING

Abstract. As the 3D image measurement software is now widely used with the recent development of computer-vision technology, the 3D measurement from the image is now has acquired the application field from desktop objects as wide as the topography survey in large geographical areas. Especially, the orientation, which used to be a complicated process in the heretofore image measurement, can be now performed automatically by simply taking many pictures around the object. And in the case of fully textured object, the 3D measurement of surface features is now done all automatically from the orientated images, and greatly facilitated the acquisition of the dense 3D point cloud from images with high precision. With all this development in the background, in the case of small and the middle size objects, we are now furnishing the all-around 3D measurement by a single digital camera sold on the market. And we have also developed the technology of the topographical measurement with the air-borne images taken by a small UAV [1~5]. In this present study, in the case of the small size objects, we examine the accuracy of surface measurement (Matching) by the data of the experiments. And as to the topographic measurement, we examine the influence of GCP distribution on the accuracy by the data of the experiments. Besides, we examined the difference of the analytical results in each of the 3D image measurement software. This document reviews the processing flow of orientation and the 3D measurement of each software and explains the feature of the each software. And as to the verification of the precision of stereo-matching, we measured the test plane and the test sphere of the known form and assessed the result. As to the topography measurement, we used the air-borne image data photographed at the test field in Yadorigi of Matsuda City, Kanagawa Prefecture JAPAN. We have constructed Ground Control Point which measured by RTK-GPS and Total Station. And we show the results of analysis made in each of the 3D image measurement software. Further, we deepen the study on the influence of the distribution of GCP on the precision.

A Hybrid Approach to Indoor Sensor Area Localization and Coverage

This study presents a hybrid approach to indoor object detection and tracking. A test area is partitioned into regions that are covered by sensors placed on the ceilings. The region location of an object is determined by these sensors using RSSI. The region determination is then followed by the exact localization of the object within the region using Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the 3D stereo image measurements. To determine the coverage ratio of a region for better placement of sensors, the 3D space is partitioned into 2D planes whose coverage points are determined by a newly developed software product called LOCOPac. Other than indoor localization, some simulation results of sensor distribution algorithms that are more suitable for outdoor applications will also be presented. Based on the experimental and simulation results, the proposed approach to indoor localization and LOCOPac has the potential to be used for real world applications.

Accuracy and precision of integumental linear dimensions in a three-dimensional facial imaging system

ObjectiveA recently developed facial scanning method uses three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging with a light-emitting diode. Such scanning enables surface data to be captured in high-resolution color and at relatively fast speeds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and precision of 3D images obtained using the Morpheus 3D® scanner (Morpheus Co., Seoul, Korea).MethodsThe sample comprised 30 subjects aged 24-34 years (mean 29.0 ± 2.5 years). To test the correlation between direct and 3D image measurements, 21 landmarks were labeled on the face of each subject. Sixteen direct measurements were obtained twice using digital calipers; the same measurements were then made on two sets of 3D facial images. The mean values of measurements obtained from both methods were compared. To investigate the precision, a comparison was made between two sets of measurements taken with each method.ResultsWhen comparing the variables from both methods, five of the 16 possible anthropometric variables were found to be significantly different. However, in 12 of the 16 cases, the mean difference was under 1 mm. The average value of the differences for all variables was 0.75 mm. Precision was high in both methods, with error magnitudes under 0.5 mm.Conclusions3D scanning images have high levels of precision and fairly good congruence with traditional anthropometry methods, with mean differences of less than 1 mm. 3D surface imaging using the Morpheus 3D® scanner is therefore a clinically acceptable method of recording facial integumental data.

Development of High Speed/High Precision Multi Probe Measurement System for 3D Image Measurement

Development of High Speed/High Precision Multi Probe Measurement System for 3D Image Measurement

Real-time, high-accuracy 3D imaging and shape measurement.

In spite of the recent advances in 3D shape measurement and geometry reconstruction, simultaneously achieving fast-speed and high-accuracy performance remains a big challenge in practice. In this paper, a 3D imaging and shape measurement system is presented to tackle such a challenge. The fringe-projection-profilometry-based system employs a number of advanced approaches, such as: composition of phase-shifted fringe patterns, externally triggered synchronization of system components, generalized system setup, ultrafast phase-unwrapping algorithm, flexible system calibration method, robust gamma correction scheme, multithread computation and processing, and graphics-processing-unit-based image display. Experiments have shown that the proposed system can acquire and display high-quality 3D reconstructed images and/or video stream at a speed of 45 frames per second with relative accuracy of 0.04% or at a reduced speed of 22.5 frames per second with enhanced accuracy of 0.01%. The 3D imaging and shape measurement system shows great promise of satisfying the ever-increasing demands of scientific and engineering applications.

Controlled, Parametric, Individualized, 2D and 3D Imaging Measurements of Aerosol Deposition in the Respiratory Tract of Healthy Human Volunteers:In VivoData Analysis

To provide a validation dataset for aerosol deposition modeling, a clinical trial was performed in which the inhalation parameters and the inhaled aerosol were controlled or characterized. Eleven, healthy, never-smokers, male participants completed the study. Each participant performed two inhalations of (99m)Tc-labeled aerosol from a vibrating mesh nebulizer, which differed by a single controlled parameter (aerosol particle size: "small" or "large"; inhalation: "deep" or "shallow"; carrier gas: air or a helium-oxygen mix). The deposition measurements were made by planar imaging, and single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT). The difference between the mean activity measured by two-dimensional imaging and that delivered from the nebulizer was 2.7%, which was not statistically significant. The total activity deposited was significantly lower in the left lung than in the right lung (p<0.0001) with a mean ratio (left/right) of 0.87±0.1 standard deviation (SD). However, when normalized to lung air volume, the left lung deposition was significantly higher (p=0.0085) with a mean ratio of 1.08±0.12 SD. A comparison of the three-dimensional central-to-peripheral (nC/P3D) ratio showed that it was significantly higher for the left lung (p<0.0001) with a mean ratio (left/right) of 1.36±0.20 SD. The effect of particle size was statistically significant on the nC/P3D ratio (p=0.0014), extrathoracic deposition (p=0.0037), and 24-hr clearance (p<0.0001), contrary to the inhalation parameters, which showed no effect. This article presents the results of an analysis of the in vivo deposition data, obtained in a clinical study designed to provide data for model validation. This study has demonstrated the value of SPECT imaging over planar, the influence of particle size on regional distribution within the lung, and differences in deposition between the left and right lungs.

Development of 3D image measurement system and stereo‐matching method, and its archaeological measurement

AbstractThree‐dimensional measurement and modeling systems with digital cameras on PCs are now making progress and increasingly felt to be desirable in terrestrial (close‐range) photogrammetry for such sectors as cultural heritage preservation, architecture, civil engineering, manufacturing, measurement, etc. Therefore, we have developed a system to improve the accuracy of stereo‐matching, which is the very core of 3D measurement. As a stereo‐matching method, in order to minimize mismatch and to be robust in geometric distortions, occlusion, as well as brightness change, we invented the Coarse‐to‐Fine Strategy Method by integrating OCM (orientation code matching) with LSM (least squares matching). This system could attain an accuracy of 0.26 mm in experiments on a mannequin. In real‐world experiments on archaeological ruins in Greece and Turkey, the accuracy was within 1 cm, compared with their blueprint plan. Formerly, workers required at least 1.5 months for this kind of survey operation with existing methods, but now only 3 or 4 days is needed. This confirmed the practicality and efficiency of the new method. Herein we demonstrate our new system of 3D measurement and stereo‐matching and present some concrete examples of its practical application. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(6): 9–21, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11459