3D Effects Research Articles

Gate-readout and a 3D rectification effect for giant responsivity enhancement of asymmetric dual-grating-gate plasmonic terahertz detectors

Abstract We experimentally investigated the asymmetric dual-grating-gate plasmonic terahertz (THz) detector based on an InGaAs-channel high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) in the gate-readout configuration. Throughout the THz pulse detection measurement on the fabricated device, we discovered a new detection mechanism called the “3D rectification effect” at the positive gate bias application, which is a cooperative effect of the plasmonic nonlinearities in the channel with the diode nonlinearity in the heterobarrier between the InGaAs channel layer and the InAlAs spacer/carrier-supply/barrier layers, resulting in a giant enhancement of the detector responsivity. We also found that an undesired long-tail waveform observed on the temporal pulse photoresponse of the device is due to trapping of carriers to the donor levels in the silicon δ-doped carrier-supply layer when they tunnel through the barrier to the gate and can be eliminated completely by introducing the so-called inverted-HEMT structure. The internal current responsivity and noise-equivalent power are estimated to be 0.49 A/W (with the equivalent voltage responsivity of 4.9 kV/W with a high output impedance of 10 kΩ) and 196 pW/√Hz at 0.8 THz. These results pave the way towards the application of the plasmonic THz detectors to beyond-5G THz wireless communication systems.

3D Modeling and Design Effect Optimization of Ceramics Using Virtual Reality

3D Modeling and Design Effect Optimization of Ceramics Using Virtual Reality

Numerical simulation with sensitivity analysis of MHD natural convection using Cu-TiO2-H2O hybrid nanofluids

In this study, a magnetohydrodynamics natural convective numerical investigation about fluid flow and heat transfer is completed in a closed cavity. Due to vast real life applications of nanofluids as well as hybrid nanofluids in thermal engineering and manufacturing processes such as micro-electronics, heat exchanger, chemical sensors, drug transport, solar cells, etc., the hybrid nanofluids are taken as fluid medium in fluid domain. A prismatic shaped close cavity is considered with a circular hot surface in the middle part of cavity. The upright walls are taken as cold surface. Rest of the walls are thermally insulated. There is a horizontal magnetic field which act toward the cavity. The suspension of water with Cu and TiO2 nanoparticles is taken as hybrid nanofluids. The Galerkin weighted residual finite element method is used to solve associated governing equations. To express the finding, streamlines and isotherm lines are used graphically and physically for numerous values of the involved parameter Rayleigh number (103 ≤ Ra ≤ 106), Hartmann number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 100), and nanoparticle volume fraction (0 ≤ φ ≤ 0.06). The response surface methodology is applied to visualize 3D effect, and study sensitivity of input factors on response function. The thermal enactment of hybrid nanofluid is developed by a higher Rayleigh number and the inclusion of hybrid nanoparticles. Reverse behaviors should be observed for an increasing magnetic influence.

3-D printed meat alternatives based on pea and single cell proteins and hydrocolloids: Effect of paste formulation on process-induced fibre alignment and structural and textural properties

Extrusion-based 3D food printing can be used as an alternative structuring technique to traditional extrusion processing for creating meat-like structures. This study focused on 3-D food printing to generate structures analogous to meat by using various combinations of texturized pea protein fibrils, microbial Single Cell Protein (SCP) and hydrocolloids locust bean gum and/or sodium alginate. Simple moulding was utilized as benchmarking to better understand the 3D printing-induced structural effects. To gain understanding of the interactions between proteins of different origin (plant and SCP) and with hydrocolloids, structural, textural and rheological properties were analysed. Oscillatory stress sweeps of all printing pastes revealed elastic-dominant rheological behaviour (G′ 4000–6000 Pa) with a defined yield stress (25–60 Pa) explaining their printability and shape stability. X-ray microtomography of ion-crosslinked analogues showed a printing-induced preferential alignment of fibrils in the direction of nozzle movement, while moulding led to a random orientation. Textural characterization via bi-directional cutting tests demonstrated higher cutting force in transversal (FT) over longitudinal (FL) direction in 3D-printed samples and equal forces in moulded samples. The anisotropy index (AI = FT/FL) of printed samples ranged between 1.4 and 2.5, indicating anisotropic texture, and 0.8–1 for moulded samples indicating isotropic texture. This study demonstrated the applicability of paste-extrusion in generating anisotropic structures analogous to meat by process-induced fibril alignment. The results support further development of 3D food printing technology in design of sustainable meat alternatives resembling whole-muscle meat.

An efficient method for unsteady hydrofoil simulations, based on Non-Linear Dynamic Lifting Line theory

This paper presents a Non-linear Dynamic Lifting Line (NDLL)-based method for analysing hydrofoil vessels in waves. The method is validated, and its utility is demonstrated in a case study.The NDLL accounts for dynamic and 3D effects through a panellized wake and allows the evaluation of the pressure distribution on hydrofoils. Improved models are presented for wake deformation, wake composition, hydrofoil interaction, and the viscous core of vortex wake models. Furthermore, an efficient way of accounting for Green function terms through a matrix interpolation method is presented.Validation is performed by comparison with aerodynamic and hydrodynamic experiments and new 3D RANS simulations. The RANS simulations focus on geometries and operating conditions deemed representative of hydrofoiling fast ferries. Predictions of steady and dynamic lift, drag, wake velocities and cavitation inception are evaluated, and results correspond well with the benchmark data.A simulator framework is introduced, which integrates the hydrodynamic model with kinetics, kinematics, and control system models. This enables analyses of free-running vessels under active control, including assessments of resistance, motions, and the hydrofoil pressure distribution.The case study constitutes a qualitative verification of the simulator and flight control tuning methods, and reveals the possibility of negative added resistance in waves.

Comparative analysis of repellent products for dogs in the conditions of farms of the Ararat valley of Armenia

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the clinical efficacy of repellent agents in various forms in the climatic and natural conditions of the Ararat Valley of the Republic of Armenia, during the period of maximum seasonal and daily activity of blood-sucking diptera insects. In the period from June 14 to June 19, 2023, the repellent effect of the veterinary medicinal product RolfClub 3D (RolfClub 3D), in the form of drops on the withers for dogs, and the repellent collar Francodex against insects was studied. The experiment involved 38 clinically healthy dogs aged 1 to 10 years, of both sexes. During the examination of animals, we did not register any complications in the form of inflammatory processes on the skin and the general condition of the studied animals after the use of the funds. In the recommended doses in dogs, the drug did not cause undesirable side effects, specific toxic effects and effects on the central nervous system. The experiment confirmed the repellent effect of veterinary drugs in the form of drops on the withers of RolfClub 3D and a Francodex insect collar applied to dogs individually, once, during the prevention of bites of diptera flying insects according to the presented doses, rules and application techniques, showed high efficiency of the repellent effect in the conditions of farms of the Ararat Valley for 3 days.

The Pristine survey – XXII. A serendipitous discovery of an extremely Li-rich very metal-poor giant and a new method of 6Li/7Li isotope measurement

ABSTRACT We report the serendipitous discovery of a very metal-poor (VMP) Li-rich giant star (Teff = 4690 ± 80 K, log g = 1.34 ± 0.13, [Fe/H] = −2.43 ± 0.07). We analyse the Li i 6103 and 6707 Å lines accounting for departures from local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) and correcting for 3D effects using literature data, which yields a lithium abundance log εLi = 3.42 ± 0.07. Comparing lithium abundances from the two lines, in 1D NLTE we measure the isotope ratio 6Li/7Li = 1.64$^{+1.49}_{-1.08}$ per cent. When correcting for 3D effects, we detect the fragile 6Li isotope at 2-sigma level and the ratio 6Li/7Li = 5.65$^{+5.05}_{-2.51}$ per cent. To our knowledge, this is the first 6Li/7Li measurement in an extremely Li-rich VMP star. The Cameron–Fowler mechanism, which is proposed to produce Li-rich stars, does not imply 6Li production and is therefore inconsistent with our measurement when applying 3D corrections. We also derive NLTE abundances for 16 elements, most of which show similar abundances to those found in VMP stars. Sodium is an exception: [Na/Fe]NLTE1D = 0.07 ± 0.03, which is 0.5 dex higher than what is typical for VMP stars. This star joins the sample of rare Li-rich VMP stars, and we offer a novel way to constrain the source of lithium in such stars through isotope ratio measurements.

High temperature oxidation treated 3D printed anatomical WE43 alloy scaffolds for repairing periarticular bone defects: In vitro and in vivo studies

Reconstruction of subarticular bone defects is an intractable challenge in orthopedics. The simultaneous repair of cancellous defects, fractures, and cartilage damage is an ideal surgical outcome. 3D printed porous anatomical WE43 (magnesium with 4 wt% yttrium and 3 wt% rare earths) scaffolds have many advantages for repairing such bone defects, including good biocompatibility, appropriate mechanical strength, customizable shape and structure, and biodegradability. In a previous investigation, we successfully enhanced the corrosion resistance of WE43 samples via high temperature oxidation (HTO). In the present study, we explored the feasibility and effectiveness of HTO-treated 3D printed porous anatomical WE43 scaffolds for repairing the cancellous bone defects accompanied by split fractures via in vitro and in vivo experiments. After HTO treatment, a dense oxidation layer mainly composed of Y2O3 and Nd2O3 formed on the surface of scaffolds. In addition, the majority of the grains were equiaxed, with an average grain size of 7.4 μm. Cell and rabbit experiments confirmed the non-cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of the HTO-treated WE43 scaffolds. After the implantation of scaffolds inside bone defects, their porous structures could be maintained for more than 12 weeks without penetration and for more than 6 weeks with penetration. During the postoperative follow-up period for up to 48 weeks, radiographic examinations and histological analysis revealed that abundant bone gradually regenerated along with scaffold degradation, and stable osseointegration formed between new bone and scaffold residues. MRI images further demonstrated no evidence of any obvious damage to the cartilage, ligaments, or menisci, confirming the absence of traumatic osteoarthritis. Moreover, finite element analysis and biomechanical tests further verified that the scaffolds was conducive to a uniform mechanical distribution. In conclusion, applying the HTO-treated 3D printed porous anatomical WE43 scaffolds exhibited favorable repairing effects for subarticular cancellous bone defects, possessing great potential for clinical application.

Nonlocal Theory for Submerged Cantilever Beams Undergoing Torsional Vibrations

Abstract We propose a new theory for fluid–structure interactions of cantilever microbeams undergoing small amplitude vibrations in viscous fluids. The method is based on the concept of nonlocal modal hydrodynamic functions that accurately capture three-dimensional (3D) fluid loading on the structure. For short beams for which 3D effects become prominent, existing local theories based on two-dimensional (2D) fluid approximations are inadequate to predict the dynamic response. We discuss and compare model predictions in terms of frequency response functions, modal shapes, quality factors, and added mass ratios with the predictions of the local theory, and we validate our new model with experimental results.

Effect of X‐Ray Computed Tomography Imaging Parameters on Quantification of Petrophysical Properties

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) X‐ray computed tomography (X‐ray CT) imaging has emerged as a nondestructive means of microstructural characterization. However, obtaining and processing high‐quality and high‐resolution images is time‐consuming and often requires high‐performance computing, particularly with a high number of projections. This work evaluates the effect of 3D X‐ray CT imaging parameters on pore connectivity and surface area quantification in sandstone samples of varied composition. Samples from Bentheimer and Torrey Buff formations are imaged via 3D X‐ray CT imaging at resolutions ranging from 1.25 to 15 μm, bin sizes 1, 2, and 4, and number of projections from 400 to 4,500. Collected images are processed and analyzed using ImageJ and MATLAB to discern petrophysical properties and the results are compared with each other and Mercury Intrusion Capillary Pressure (MICP) results. Overall, little variation in bulk porosity with changing scanning parameters is observed. However, for low resolution and projection numbers, connected porosity is lower compared to bulk porosity due to a failure to capture microfeatures. Overall, mineral surface area is observed to decrease with increasing bin size, voxel size, and projection numbers, except an observed increase with projection numbers for Torrey Buff. The Torrey Buff samples contains comparatively more clays and even the highest resolution (1.25 μm) fails to separate the micrograins, which is reflected in the pore size distribution. Identifying these variations are helpful as discrepancies in imaged pore connectivity and surface area can largely impact assessments of fluid flow and transport in reactive transport simulations informed by this data.

Investigating 3-D Effects on Flashing Cryogenic Jets with Highly Resolved LES

For the development of upper stage rocket engines with laser ignition, the transition of oxidizer and fuel from the pure cryogenic liquid streams to an ignitable mixture needs to be better understood. Due to the near vacuum conditions that are present at high altitudes and in space, the injected fuel rapidly atomizes in a so-called flash boiling process. To investigate the behavior of flashing cryogenic jets under the relevant conditions, experiments of liquid nitrogen have been performed at the DLR Lampoldshausen. The experiments are accompanied by a series of computer simulations and here we use a highly resolved LES to identify 3D effects and to better interpret results from the experiments and existing 2D RANS. It is observed that the vapor generation inside the injector and the evolution of the spray in the combustion chamber differ significantly between the two simulation types due to missing 3D effects and the difference in resolution of turbulent structures. Still, the observed 3D spray dynamics suggest a suitable location for laser ignition that could be found in regions of relative low velocity and therefore expected low strain rates. Further, measured droplet velocities are compared to the velocities of notional Lagrangian particles with similar inertia as the measured droplets. Good agreement between experiments and simulations exists and strong correlation between droplet size and velocity can be demonstrated.

Studies on EU-DEMO 3D coils requirements and conceptual design for error field correction and plasma control

This work presents the initial studies on the requirements for the design of 3D coils on EU-DEMO. The use of 3D coils in present machines includes two main purposes: the first one is the Error Field Correction (EFC). The EFC aims at minimizing the intrinsic non-axisymmetric fields in the machine. Fulfilling the requirements is evaluated with the minimization of residual error fields, both in vacuum and with plasma response. The second purpose relates to the application of 3D fields to control the plasma. The first of these control functions includes the manipulation of the locked neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) phase, and their positioning in front of the electron cyclotron antennae, for optimum stabilization. A second function is the application of 3D perturbation of the plasma edge to suppress ELMs. As the fastest required time constant of the applied 3D fields is comparable or longer with respect to that of the vacuum vessel, ex-vessel coils can be considered. Another constraint considered is that the 3D fields applied do not generate 3D power exhaust effects, such as divertor lobes, that jeopardize the protection of the machine divertor/wall. This constriant is met in the finding of this work, in the case considered of the ELMs suppression. The aim of this study is to assess if one set of coils could be designed that fulfills all these purposes/functions. The results show that, by using ITER tolerances for the TF, CS and PF coils, all these functions on EFC (using the overlap criterion assumption, which includes the plasma response), NTM phase control and ELMs suppression can be met with the proposed design of one row of ex vessel coils. An additional activity has started to study if the non-resonant perturbations generated by this set of coils could lead to detrimental effects via neoclassical toroidal viscosity (NTV) torque. Preliminary considerations on the coil technology, are also presented, with no showstopper found in this preliminary phase.

Preliminary observation on the clinical application of rehabilitation support for lumbar disc herniation based on 3D printing technology

To analyze the important effect of 3D printing personalized lumbar support on lumbar pain and lumbar function in patients with lumbar disc herniation. From October 2018 to May 2021, 60 patients initially diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group, with 30 patients in each group. Among them, there were 18 males and 12 females in the observation group;the age ranged from 24 to 56 years old, with an average of (45.23±6.07) years old. The course of disease ranged from 1 to 24 months, with an average of(6.25±0.82) months, and rehabilitation treatment was carried out by wearing 3D printed personalized lumbar support. There were 19 males and 11 females in the control group;the age ranged from 25 to 57 years old, with an average of (42.78±7.58) years old. The course of disease ranged from 1 to 24 months, with an average of (6.72±1.36) months, and rehabilitation treatment is carried out by wearing traditional lumbar protective equipment. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, lumbar Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were evaluated and compared between the two groups before and 1 course after treatment (3 weeks). There was no statistically significant difference in JOA, ODI, and VAS between two groups before treatment (P>0.05). After one course of treatment (3 weeks), JOA scores of both groups was increased compared to before treatment (P<0.05), while ODI and VAS decreased compared to before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, JOA score of observation group was higher than that of control group (P<0.05), while ODI and VAS scores were lower than those of control group. No adverse events occurred in both groups. The application of 3D printing personalized lumbar support can effectively alleviate the pain of patients with lumbar disc herniation and improve their lumbar function of patients.

Three-dimensional nonlinear flutter analysis of long-span bridges by multimode and full-mode approaches

Based on amplitude-dependent flutter derivatives (FDs), the present study established three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear flutter analysis methods, including a multimode and a full-mode approach, for long-span bridges. Then, by adopting the proposed methods, the influences of 3D effects, self-excited drag force, and multimode aerodynamic coupling effects on nonlinear flutter response were investigated. Besides, critical structural modes that have a great impact on nonlinear flutter were identified, their contributions were quantified and roles were clarified. The results show that the 3D effects of structural modes can reduce the system stability mainly by increasing the negative uncoupled aerodynamic damping. Thus, if the 3D effects are ignored, the stable amplitude of nonlinear flutter will be underestimated. For long-span bridges whose foundational symmetric torsional mode couples a minor lateral-bending mode shape, the added aerodynamic damping from self-excited drag force, especially the term of FD P1∗∗1, can improve the stability of the system. Thus, it will overestimate the nonlinear flutter response if the self-excited drag force is ignored. Meanwhile, the aerodynamic coupling effect among different structural modes should be considered, otherwise the nonlinear flutter responses of long-span bridges may be misestimated significantly. For the nonlinear flutter dominated by the fundamental symmetric torsional modal branch, the symmetric vertical bending modes with a frequency lower than the fundamental symmetric torsional mode should be considered. Besides, the other higher-order structural mode coupled with relatively significant fundamental symmetric torsional mode shape is also worth being taken into account. The selection of structural modes is an important and experience-based work in the multimode method. Thus, the full-mode method, which can consider the potential higher-order structural modes that may have contributions to the 3D nonlinear flutter, is also needed, especially when the amplitude is large enough. Otherwise, the nonlinear flutter response may be underestimated by the multimode method.

Hall current and thermal radiation effects of 3D rotating hybrid nanofluid reactive flow via stretched plate with internal heat absorption

The present analysis deals with the impact of a magnetic field, joule heating, rotation parameter, and Hall current, as well as nonlinear thermal radiation, on a rotating hybrid Fe3O4/Al2O3 nanofluid over-stretched plate in the presence of a chemical reaction with thermophoresis and a Brownian motion parameter. The primary focus of this research is on the Brownian motion parameter. Similar transformations are used to translate the governing partial differential equations into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The shooting technique obtains numerical solutions for that system of equations. The impact of various entry parameters on transversal and longitudinal velocities, temperature, heat flow and surface shear stress are studied numerically and graphically. It was shown that there is a strong connection between the primary research when looking at particular situations that indicate how the current technique meets the convergence requirements. In addition, the physical relevance of the contributed parameters is shown via graphs and tables. The discovery demonstrates that an increase in the particle concentration of the hybrid nanofluid accelerates the flow of the fluid. In addition, factoring in dissipative heat makes it more likely that the fluid temperature will be increased to accommodate the participation of the particle concentration.

Earth as a Transiting Exoplanet: A Validation of Transmission Spectroscopy and Atmospheric Retrieval Methodologies for Terrestrial Exoplanets

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will enable the search for and characterization of terrestrial exoplanet atmospheres in the habitable zone via transmission spectroscopy. However, relatively little work has been done to use solar system data, where ground truth is known, to validate spectroscopic retrieval codes intended for exoplanet studies, particularly in the limit of high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). In this work, we perform such a validation by analyzing a high-S/N empirical transmission spectrum of Earth using a new terrestrial exoplanet atmospheric retrieval model with heritage in solar system remote sensing and gaseous exoplanet retrievals. We fit the Earth’s 2–14 μm transmission spectrum in low resolution (R = 250 at 5 μm) and high resolution (R = 100,000 at 5 μm) under a variety of assumptions about the 1D vertical atmospheric structure. In the limit of noiseless transmission spectra, we find excellent agreement between model and data (deviations <10%) that enable the robust detection of H2O, CO2, O3, CH4, N2, N2O, NO2, HNO3, CFC-11, and CFC-12 thereby providing compelling support for the detection of habitability, biosignature, and technosignature gases in the atmosphere of the planet using an exoplanet-analog transmission spectrum. Our retrievals at high spectral resolution show a marked sensitivity to the thermal structure of the atmosphere, trace gas abundances, density-dependent effects, such as collision-induced absorption and refraction, and even hint at 3D spatial effects. However, we used synthetic observations of TRAPPIST-1e to verify that the use of simple 1D vertically homogeneous atmospheric models will likely suffice for JWST observations of terrestrial exoplanets transiting M dwarfs.

Dynamic 3D effects of single fiber tensile break within unidirectional composites including resin plasticity, residual stress, interfacial debonding and sliding friction

To study the dynamics of a single fiber tensile break within an S-Glass/epoxy composite and the associated effects of stress wave propagation in the fibers, interface and matrix, a 3D micromechanical Finite Element (FE) model with a hexagonal packing of parallel fibers is developed. The effects of a dynamic fiber break on energy dissipation associated with resin plasticity and interface debonding using cohesive traction laws are included. The 3D FE model also incorporates process-induced residual stresses that induces radial compression at the fiber-matrix interface due the mismatch in CTE and Poisson’s ratios between the fiber and matrix. During dynamic fiber failure where interface debonding occurs, radial compressive residual stresses lead to additional frictional energy dissipation in the debond region of the interface. A map of the dynamic stress concentration factor (SCF) values on the surface (along the axial as well as circumferential directions) of the fibers which are neighboring the fiber break is generated. A stability criterion based on an energy balance between elastic strain energy released by the fiber and energy dissipation (resin plasticity, interphase debonding and frictional sliding) is established to predict maximum fiber strength that initiates unstable debonding of the interface characteristic of axial splitting of the unidirectional composite loaded in tension. The FE modeling results also indicate that the dynamic fiber break introduces strain rates on the order of 106/s in the fiber and matrix, and up to 1012/s in the interphase.

Fire Suppression Simulation Application Development Stereo Graphics Based (Virtual Reality)

Modern man today is very dependent on his life with computers. Because with the help of computer technology can ease their task. A computer can create a situation similar to the original. This technology is commonly called simulation. Serious simulations depict a system that is difficult to perform in the real world and is at high risk. These serious simulations are usually much more developed in the making. This development technology is called Virtual Reality (VR). Virtual Reality (VR) is a development of stereo display techniques. Where users can see an object with dimensional depth that will give a 3D effect on the human brain. Based on the background above, the author tries to implement stereo displays in firefighting simulation (FFS) applications. The simulation engine used is Open Scene Graph with Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 compiler, which uses the C++ programming language. The GUI display design uses Qt 4.7.3. Users will try the stereo display effect in the FFS application and interact between the fire particle system and the water particle system to compare factors that cause fire particle system outages. Of all the implementations and trials carried out, the author succeeded in implementing stereoscopic fire suppression simulation applications. Because all objects in this application already have a red shadow for the left side of the thing and a blue shadow for the right side. The interaction between the user and the fire suppression simulation application was also successfully displayed in this Fire Fighting Simulation (FFS) application. The fire particle system will be extinguished if the user performs fire suppression interactions.

School Uniform Customization Design Platform Based on Virtual Display Technology

The current school uniform customization mode cannot satisfy the requirements of customers regarding the elements such as design and efficiency, though the demand for the customization of the school uniform industry in China is gradually expanding. In this study, a school uniform customization platform was established based on virtual display technology to improve the efficiency and experience of school uniform customization. This study was applied with four steps. In the first part, interviews on school uniform customization were conducted following grounded theory to obtain information on the specific demand for design, process, and supply. In the second and third parts, a uniform design database with a 3D virtual effect and a uniform customization platform with three subsystems were built under the consideration of the requirements identified. This platform allowed users to change the style, color, fabric, details, and other elements of school uniforms in the system, generate 3D virtual renderings of school uniforms, and contact suppliers in the system. Afterward, the customized platform was tested and scored through a real-use situation in the fourth part. The results demonstrated that the average score was more than 3 out of 5 points, indicating that the customized design platform can meet the needs of users.

Low-crosstalk 3D display without color moiré patterns based on a color light source array.

A low-crosstalk 3D display without color moiré patterns based on color light source array is proposed. The proposed 3D display consists of a color light source array, a transparent liquid crystal display (T-LCD) panel, a scattering layer, and a parallax barrier from back to front. The color light source array consists of three primary color light sources that correspond to the sub-pixels on the T-LCD panel. These light sources project the sub-pixels with matching color to the same location on the scattering layer to form new pixels without color moiré patterns. The new pixels have inter-pixel gaps that enhance signal bandwidth and decrease crosstalk. The parallax barrier projects the new pixels of parallax images to different viewpoints, creating a 3D effect. A prototype is developed and evaluated.