3D Digital Technology Research Articles

Evaluation of the changes of orbital cavity volume and shape after tooth-borne and bone-borne rapid maxillary expansion (RME)

ObjectiveTo assess and compare volumetric and shape changes of the orbital cavity in patients treated with tooth-borne (TB) and bone-borne (BB) rapid maxillary expansion (RME).Study designForty adolescents with bilateral maxillary cross-bite received tooth-borne (TB group = 20; mean age 14.27 ± 1.36 years) or bone-borne (BB group = 20; mean age of 14.62 ± 1.45 years) maxillary expander. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were taken before treatment (T1) and 6-month after the expander activation (T2). Volumetric and shape changes of orbital cavities were detected by referring to a specific 3D digital technology involving deviation analysis of T1/T2 CBCT-derived models of pulp chamber. Student’s t tests were used to 1) compare T1 and T2 volumes of orbital cavities in TB and BB groups, 2) compare volumetric changes and the percentage of matching of 3D orbital models (T1-T2) between the two groups.ResultsBoth TB and BB groups showed a slight increase of the orbital volume (0.64 cm3 and 0.77 cm3) (p < 0.0001). This increment were significant between the two groups (p < 0.05) while no differences were found in the percentage of matching of T1/T2 orbital 3D models (p > 0.05). The areas of greater changes were detected in the proximity of the frontozygomatic and frontomaxillary sutures.ConclusionTB-RME and BB-RME would not seem to considerably affect the anatomy or the volume of the orbital cavity in adolescents.

Multivariate regression analysis of the 3D composites with electroconductive properties for sensors

This work presents several aspects of the multivariate regression importance in the analysis of the parameters (dependent and independent variables), which characterize the 3D composite materials with electroconductive properties. The experimental part was developed by using fabrics from 100% cotton, 100% polyamide, and 100% polypropylene fabrics to obtain the electroconductive and electromagnetic properties based on classical technologies and 3D digital printing advanced technology. The fabric was printed with paste containing zinc, copper, nickel, iron oxide II, III, silver, and Graphite microparticles content. Initially, the fabric has coated using the standard technologies implemented by padding (Flame Retardants), scraping, and 3D printing advanced technology for submission of the ESD filaments. For flame retardancy properties, the fabric has been impregnated in a solution of 50% Aflamit and dried at a temperature of 120°C for 3 minutes

Evaluation of pulp cavity/chamber changes after tooth-borne and bone-borne rapid maxillary expansions: a CBCT study using surface-based superimposition and deviation analysis.

To compare volume and shape changes of pulp chamber of maxillary posterior teeth between tooth-borne and bone-borne maxillary expansions in adolescents. This study included 36 adolescents with bilateral maxillary crossbite who received tooth-borne rapid maxillary expansion (TB group, average age 14.4years) or bone-borne rapid maxillary expansion (BB group, average age 14.7years). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was taken before treatment (T1) and after a 6-month retention period (T2). Volumetric and shape changes of pulp chamber of maxillary first molars and premolars were detected by referring to a specific 3D digital technology involving deviation analysis of T1/T2 CBCT-derived models of pulp chamber. Student's t tests were used to (1) compare T1 and T2 volumes of pulp chambers in TB and BB groups and (2) assess differences between the two groups in the post-treatment volumetric changes and in the percentage of matching of 3D pulp models. All investigated teeth showed a reduction of pulp volume, being this difference significant in both TB (p < 0.0001) and BB (p < 0.0001) groups. The volumetric reduction was greater in the TB group; also, subjects in the TB group showed a lower percentage of matching between T1 and T2 pulp models (p < 0.0001). The area most affected by shape change was that of pulp horns. TB expander could induce a higher volumetric reduction of pulp chamber of posterior teeth compared with BB expander, in the short term. The present findings add new information concerning the effects of RME protocols on pulp tissue.

Maquetas hápticas en 3D para niños con discapacidad visual. Un acercamiento a la ciudad histórica

La línea de investigación Espacio Público, Participación Ciudadana y Centro Histórico de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (FABUAP) ha realizado proyectos de accesibilidad e inclusión social en los ámbitos urbano y arquitectónico, partiendo del reconocimiento de la diversidad y el fomento de la participación ciudadana. En este artículo se presenta la experiencia de elaboración, evaluación e impresión de dos maquetas hápticas impresas en tecnología digital 3D, las cuales tenían dos propósitos: promover la accesibilidad al patrimonio urbano y arquitectónico del centro histórico de la ciudad de Puebla, México, entre niños con ceguera y debilidad visual y servir en la enseñanza de la movilidad autónoma de los menores.

Individualized Inlay Design of Abnormal Amber Based on 3D Scanning Technique

In view of the current design status of abnormal amber, this paper innovatively combines 3D digital technology with personalized inlay design of abnormal amber. This experiment selects three different abnormal amber samples by classifying shape and texture of common abnormal amber in the market. Based on the shape and defect position that displayed by the 3D scanning point cloud of the sample, the corresponding individualized inlay was designed. After creating the 3D digital model, the inlay was printed by selective laser melting (SLM) 3D printer. The 3D printed inlay position is more accurate and the design is no longer restricted by handicraft. The experiment results show that the combination of 3D scanning technology and inlay design not only reduces labor costs and saves raw materials, but also improves the firmness and aesthetics of the inlay. With the continuous exploration, the application of 3D digital technology will provide more convenience for jewelry production.

3D Modelling and Visualization in Field Archaeology. From Survey To Interpretation Of The Past Using Digital Technologies

Over the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in the fusion of the humanities and the hard sciences. The continuous experimentation and contamination between these two disciplines has led to the emergence of new horizons of research and open to perspectives and issues previously unthinkable. Finally, it has started the development of specific technologies for the cultural domain. Among these technologies, virtual archaeology, which we could define as the set of processes of acquisition, analysis and interpretation aimed at visualizing and simulating the past using 3D digital technologies and a theoretical and multidisciplinary scientific approach, has now reached its maturity. In this contribution the potentials in using 3D modelling as a tool of investigation and visualization for a deeper understanding of archaeological sites is presented. The discussion is supported by the case study of the roman villa of Aiano, built at the beginning of the 4th century A.D. and characterized by monumental architecture and decorations.

Automated 3D Mass Digitization for the GLAM Sector

The European Cultural Heritage Strategy for the 21st century has led to an increased demand for fast, efficient and faithful 3D digitization technologies for cultural heritage artefacts. Yet, unlike the digital acquisition of cultural goods in 2D which is widely used and automated today, 3D digitization often still requires significant manual intervention, time and money. To overcome this, the authors have developed CultLab3D, the world’s first fully automatic 3D mass digitization technology for collections of three-dimensional objects. 3D scanning robots such as the CultArm3D-P are specifically designed to automate the entire 3D digitization process thus allowing to capture and archive objects on a large-scale and produce highly accurate photo-realistic representations

Linked Open Data Prototype of the Historical Archive of the European Commission

The European Cultural Heritage Strategy for the 21st century has led to an increased demand for fast, efficient and faithful 3D digitization technologies for cultural heritage artefacts. Yet, unlike the digital acquisition of cultural goods in 2D which is widely used and automated today, 3D digitization often still requires significant manual intervention, time and money. To overcome this, the authors have developed CultLab3D, the world's first fully automatic 3D mass digitization technology for collections of three-dimensional objects. 3D scanning robots such as the CultArm3D-P are specifically designed to automate the entire 3D digitization process thus allowing to capture and archive objects on a large-scale and produce highly accurate photo-realistic representations.

Evaluation of a Google Cardboard Stereo Image Viewer as a Valid Alternative to Cadaveric Specimens for Testing Anatomical Knowledge

The application of three‐dimensional (3D) visualization technology has generated interest due to its potential to augment or even replace cadaver use in anatomical education. By adopting stereoscopic 3D digital technologies, educational institutions may be able to mitigate issues related to the resource intensiveness of cadaver use such as prosection availability, body donation and the infrastructure to maintain physical specimens. We previously developed a smartphone application, titled VRBR, which uses an inexpensive Google Cardboard headset to display 2D or stereoscopic 3D images of cadaveric and plastinated specimens and plastic models for learning and testing anatomical knowledge. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness and validity of stereoscopic 3D images, 2D images and cadaveric specimens in testing anatomical knowledge with practical examinations (OSPEs) for undergraduate students with prior anatomy education. As cadaveric specimens and stereoscopic 3D images are both stereoscopic, we hypothesized that participants would perform similarly between those modalities, and more poorly in 2D. Students who had previously completed an undergraduate anatomy and physiology course (N = 60) were randomized to one of three testing groups (A, B or C). Each testing group was administered OSPEs in three distinct modalities: VRBR 2D images, VRBR stereoscopic 3D images or cadaveric specimens. In total, each participant answered 45 anatomy‐based questions (15 per modality, test order randomized across groups) and completed a questionnaire assessing cybersickness and user satisfaction. Participants completed a stereo fly test and mental rotation test to assess their stereoacuity and visuospatial ability, respectively. These are potential covariates of the testing outcome when assessing spatially complex objects of varying depth. This study was approved by the Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board. In regard to cybersickness, a small fraction reported nausea (7.7%), vertigo (7.7%), and dizziness (15.4%) while responses for headache (23.1%) and fatigue (23.1%) were moderate and general discomfort (61.5%) and eyestrain (76.9%) were more prevalent. Preliminary data (N = 13) assessed via two‐way ANOVA, suggested that there were no statistically significant effects of test version (F(1, 22) = 0.005, p = 0.945) or stereoscopy (F(1, 22) = 0.009, p = 0.728). If this trend persisted through completion of the study, it may suggest that stereoscopy, as provided by the headset, does not improve the effectiveness of digital tools for testing anatomy knowledge recall. Complete data collection and analysis in February 2020 will provide a more complete picture of the validity of stereoscopy in testing anatomy knowledge recall. With ongoing analysis, the results from this study may elucidate the effect of stereopsis in testing anatomical knowledge and guide the future development of undergraduate anatomy education curricula.Support or Funding InformationFunded by the Education Program in Anatomy.

"All-in-One" Gel System for Whole Procedure of Stem-Cell Amplification and Tissue Engineering.

Microsphere (MS)-based systems provides great advantages for cell expansion and transplantation due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and biomimetic environment. However, a MS-based system that includes cell attachment, proliferation, passage, harvest, cryopreservation, and tissue engineering together has not been realized yet. An "all-in-one" gel MS-based system is established for human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs), realizing real 3D culture with enhanced expansion efficiency and simplified serial cell culture operations, and construction of macrotissues with uniform cell distribution and specific function. A 3D digital light-processing technology is developed to fabricate gel MSs in an effective way. The printed MSs present a suitable environment with rough surface architecture and the mechanical properties of soft tissues, leading to high cell viability, attachment, proliferation, activity, and differentiation potential. Further, convenient standard operation procedures, including cell passage, detachment, and cryopreservation, are established for cell culture on the gel MSs. Finally, hADSCs-loaded gel MSs form macrotissues through a "bottom-up" approach, which demonstrates the potential applications for tissue engineering. These findings exhibit the feasibility and beauty of "all-in-one" stem cell culture and tissue engineering system.

Application of 3D Digital Technology in the substation design

During the operation of a substation, the requirements for the engineering design are very strict, requiring the cooperation of multiple professions, and the demand for engineering digitalization is also increasing. The three-dimensional digital technology is to effectively solve the problems encountered in the substation operation in the form of data representation and data storage, and provides reliable technical support and efficient concepts of technology for substation operation. This time, the main analysis of the specific application of 3D digital technology in the substation design, and combined with the actual situation of China’s current substation, the development prospects of 3D digital design are analyzed and prospected.

3D visualisation, communities and the production of significance

ABSTRACT In this paper, we discuss how community co-production of heritage records facilitates the production and negotiation of new forms of value and significance. We draw on case studies from the ACCORD project, which used 3D digital technologies for community engagement through co-creation, to explore how a site’s significance can be affected and challenged through community recording. Whilst multiple modes of recording operate in this way, digital 3D recording, long held as the sole domain of the technical expert, is often deployed by heritage professionals as a means of enhancing authorised historic and scientific values through the sophisticated and precise recording of a site’s physical structure. Here we argue that these recording techniques can also offer a means of exploring and challenging existing authorised regimes of significance and insignificance, giving voice to alternative and richer perspectives through the recording process itself, as much as through the resultant record. This challenges orthodox thinking about both the primary purpose and effects of digital recording and opens up new directions for their use in heritage practice.

3D digital technology initiatives in the field of prothesis and orthosis

3D digital technology initiatives in the field of prothesis and orthosis

Application of 3D digital technology in prosthetists and orthotists clinical practice

Application of 3D digital technology in prosthetists and orthotists clinical practice

3D digital technology initiatives in the field of prothesis and orthosis

3D digital technology initiatives in the field of prothesis and orthosis

How to Use 3D Digital Technology to Protect Tibetan Martial Arts under the Background of Information Age

How to Use 3D Digital Technology to Protect Tibetan Martial Arts under the Background of Information Age

Application of Computer 3D Digital Technology in Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Skull Deformity

Pediatric skull deformity requires immediate surgery as indicated by increased cranial pressure, mental retardation, impaired or absent vision, cranial deformity, and mental and spiritual defects. This study explores the application value of computer aided simulation in treatment of pediatric skull deformity. The application of computer simulation surgery in the treatment of children with pediatric skull deformity allows surgeons to be familiar with the operation process in advance. The use of computer 3D digital technology for preoperative design planning and simulation can reduce surgical difficulty to a certain extent, improve surgical efficiency, significantly increase intraoperative accuracy, and also reduce the risk of intraoperative bleeding and postoperative complications.

Development and prospects of digital orthopedics in Hubei province

Based on the development and application of new technology, as a new interdisciplinary subject, digital orthopedics becomes an important development direction of modern medicine in the past years. Using digital orthopedics technology, such as 3D digital printing technology, mixed reality technology, provides new impetus of orthopedic surgery and indicates its great potential of precision medicine and personalized therapy for orthopedic disorders. In 2017, Hubei Branch of China Digital Orthopaedic Society of Société Internationale de Chirurgie Orthopédique et de Traumatologie (SICOT) was founded. It is an important milestone and academic event for the development of digital orthopedics in Hubei. After that, Hubei's digital orthopedics professionals have made great progress in clinical, scientific research, conference and social activities. The development of 5G technologies in China will provide more opportunities and challenges for global digital orthopedics in the near future.

A workflow for fabricating a hollow obturator by using 3D digital technologies

Conventional methods used for fabricating hollow obturator prostheses have numerous problems. The workflow presented in this article integrates 3D digital technologies into a functional protocol, enabling the fabrication of single-piece hollow prostheses with no joints by using an optical 3D scanner and a laminating molding device.

Research on the methods of BIM reliability prediction with the construction schedule in the application of project of Chushandian reservoir

With the development of BIM (building information model), based on the existing construction management theory, combined with the idea of intelligent construction, fully integrating BIM and 4D technology, we can realize the optimization of construction schedule and real-time perception and control of the actual progress of construction. In this paper, the design model is built on the basis of 3D digital technology and CATIA software as the carrier. In the Sql Server database management system as the platform, with the use of information management platform data, the 4D BIM model has been formed, and the schedule control system has been applicated in the Chushandian reservoir project, preliminarily implemented schedule monitoring target. Chushandian project application shows that to achieve the progress of data entry, the use of human-computer interaction realized the dynamic simulation of the progress of the interactive query and other data. The comparison of schedule deviation can be achieved by entering the schedule and actual progress into the network database; through the analysis of abnormal records, and the formulation of measures, the realization of schedule can be ensured.