1D Core-shell Research Articles

Bacterial Responses and Material-Cell Interplays With Novel MoAlB@MBene.

Developing efficient antibacterial nanomaterials has potential across diverse fields, but it requires a deeper understanding of material-bacteria interactions. In this study, a novel 2D core-shell MoAlB@MBene structure is synthesized using a mild wet-chemical etching approach. The growth of E. coli, S. aureus, and B. subtilis bacteria in the presence of MoAlB@MBene decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, with a prolonged lag phase in the initial 6h of incubation. Even under dark conditions, MoAlB@MBene triggered the formation of intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and singlet oxygen (1O2) in bacteria, while the bacteria protected themselves by forming biofilm and altering cell morphology. The MoAlB@MBene shows consistent light absorption across the visible range, along with a distinctive UV absorption edge. Two types of band gaps are identified: direct (1.67eV) and indirect (0.74eV), which facilitate complex light interactions with MoAlB@MBene. Exposure to simulated white light led to decreased viability rates of E. coli (20.6%), S. aureus (22.9%), and B. subtilis (21.4%). Altogether, the presented study enhances the understanding of bacteria responses in the presence of light-activated 2D nanomaterials.

Synergistic activation of peroxymonosulfate by 3D CoNiO2/Co core-shell structure biochar catalyst for sulfamethoxazole degradation

In this study, a 3D CoNiO2/Co core–shell structure biochar catalyst derived from walnut shell was synthesized by hydrothermal and ion etching methods. The prepared BC@CoNi-600 catalyst exhibited exceptional peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The system achieved 100 % degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The reactive oxygen species in the BC@CoNi-600/PMS system included SO4−, OH, and O2−. Density functional theory calculations explored the synergistic effects between nickel–cobalt bimetallic and carbon matrix during PMS activation. The unique 3D core–shell structure of BC@CoNi-600 features an outer nickel–cobalt bimetallic layer with exceptional PMS adsorption capacity, while protecting the zero-valence Co of the inner layer from oxidation. Based on the experimental-data, machine learning modeling mechanism, and information theory, a nonlinear modeling method was proposed. This study utilizes a machine learning approach to investigate the degradation of SMX in complex aquatic environments. This study synthesized a novel biochar-based catalyst for activated PMS and provided unique insights into its environmental applications.

Stepwise Construction of MoS2@CoAl-LDH/NF 3D Core-Shell Nanoarrays with High Hole Mobility for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors.

Supercapacitors (SCs) have received widespread attention as excellent energy storage devices, and the design of multicomponent electrode materials and the construction of ingenious structures are the keys to enhancing the performance of SCs. In this paper, MoS2 nanorods were used as the carrier structure to induce the anchoring of CoAl-LDH nanosheets and grow on the surface of nickel foam (NF) in situ, thus obtaining a uniformly distributed MoS2 nanorod@CoAl-LDH nanosheet core-shell nanoarray material (MoS2@CoAl-LDH/NF). On the one hand, the nanorod-structured MoS2 as the core provides high conductivity and support, accelerates electron transfer, and avoids agglomeration of CoAl-LDH nanosheets. On the other hand, CoAl-LDH nanosheet arrays have abundant interfacially active sites, which accelerate the electrolyte penetration and enhance the electrochemical activity. The synergistic effect of the two components and the unique core-shell nanostructure give MoS2@CoAl-LDH/NF a high capacity (14,888.8 mF cm-2 at 2 mA cm-2) and long-term cycling performance (104.4% retention after 5000 charge/discharge cycles). The integrated MoS2@CoAl-LDH/NF//AC device boasts a voltage range spanning from 0 to 1.5 V, achieving a peak energy density of 0.19 mW h cm-2 at 1.5 mW cm-2. Impressively, it maintains a capacitance retention rate of 84.6% after enduring 10,000 cycles, demonstrating exceptional durability and stability.

Mn-O bond Engineering Mitigating Jahn-Teller Effects of Manganese Oxide for Aqueous Zinc-ion Battery Applications

Manganese-based oxides (MNO) are commonly employed as cathodes in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their affordability, minimal toxicity, and various valence states. However, the Jahn–Teller (J-T) effect of high-spin Mn3+ can induce Mn2+ dissolution and irreversible phase changes, significantly deteriorating the cycling life. Herein, 1D core–shell Mn3O4 with doping of heteroatoms is successfully designed through a dopamine coating and subsequent annealing strategy. Specifically, N-doping elongated the Mn-O bonds within the Mn3O4 crystal, suppressing lattice J-T distortion caused by MnO6 octahedra. This result in weakened electrostatic repulsion, contributing not only to structural stability but also facilitating the insertion of more cations. Simultaneously, N-doping carbon encapsulates Mn3O4 with an external conductive network, providing a unique mesoporous morphology and improved conductive pathways. Therefore, the optimized NC@Mn3O4 displays high capacity (420 mAh/g at 1 A/g) and superior cycle stability (90.34 % of capacity retention over 1000 cycles at 3 A/g). In addition, the charge storage of NC@Mn3O4 is the highly reversible H+/Zn2+ co-intercalation/extraction reactions, which revealed by ex-situ characterizations. This work initially proposed an effective design trend to eliminate the J-T effect, and provided assistance for the application of MNO cathode materials.

Novel 3D textile structures and geometries for electrofluidics.

The integration of microfluidics with electric field control, commonly referred to as electrofluidics, has led to new opportunities for biomedical analysis. The requirement for closed microcapillary channels in microfluidics, typically formed via complex microlithographic fabrication approaches, limits the direct accessibility to the separation processes during conventional electrofluidic devices. Textile structures provide an alternative and low-cost approach to overcome these limitations via providing open and surface-accessible capillary channels. Herein, we investigate the potential of different 3D textile structures for electrofluidics. In this study, 12 polyester yarns were braided around nylon monofilament cores of different diameters to produce functional 3D core-shell textile structures. Capillary electrophoresis performances of these 3D core-shell textile structures both before and after removing the nylon core were evaluated in terms of mobility and bandwidth of a fluorescence marker compound. It was shown that the fibre arrangement and density govern the inherent capillary formation within these textile structures which also impacts upon the solute analyte mobility and separation bandwidth during electrophoretic studies. Core-shell textile structures with a 0.47mm nylon core exhibited the highest fluorescein mobility and presented a narrower separation bandwidth. This optimal textile structure was readily converted to different geometries via a simple heat-setting of the central nylon core. This approach can be used to fabricate an array of miniaturized devices that possess many of the basic functionalities required in electrofluidics while maintaining open surface access that is otherwise impractical in classical approaches.

Directional control of electromagnetic parameters of Fe@Ni nanowires for ultrathin and low-frequency microwave absorbing

How to prepare materials according to the target properties has been a hot research topic. In this paper, the target electromagnetic parameters are obtained according to the performance requirements, and the nanoflower rod-like, low-density mulberry-like and high-density mulberry-like one-dimensional (1D) core–shell structured Fe@Ni(x) nanowires (NWs) are prepared by liquid-phase reduction method. The effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of sample Fe@Ni(40) in the low-frequency (2–8 GHz) is up to 1.89 GHz (3.1 mm). Sample Fe@Ni(60) is able to reach a maximum EAB of 3.18 GHz at a thickness of 0.9 mm. Concisely, the sample has the ability to absorb microwaves in low frequency bands and ultra-thin thicknesses. The reason can be attributed to the strong magnetic coupling brought by the bimetallic composition to strengthen the resonance level and the excellent 1D core–shell structure to enhance the efficiency of polarization loss. In conclusion, Fe@Ni(x) provides a technological route for the preparation of low-frequency and ultra-thin-thickness absorbers.

Synergistic Enhancement of Mechanical Strength and Antibacterial Activity in 3D Core–Shell Bone Scaffolds Incorporating Phosphate-Modified Pomegranate Peel Powder Within Polylactic Acid/Poly (Glycerol-Succinic Acid) Composite

Synergistic Enhancement of Mechanical Strength and Antibacterial Activity in 3D Core–Shell Bone Scaffolds Incorporating Phosphate-Modified Pomegranate Peel Powder Within Polylactic Acid/Poly (Glycerol-Succinic Acid) Composite

Multifunctional sulfur doping in cobalt-based materials for high-energy density supercapacitors

In this study, S-CCO@Co(OH)2 (‘CCO’ representing CuCo2O4/Cu2O; ‘S-’representing sulfur doping) was synthesized by hydrothermal method followed by electrodeposition. The multiple effects of S doping were studied by S doping and constructing 3D core–shell structure. S doping induced the reduction of Cu2+ and Co3+ to Cu+ and Co2+, respectively. Also, S partially replaces O and creates oxygen vacancies, which increases a number of active sites for the redox reaction enhancing the redox reaction activity. After the electrodeposition, S–Co bond is formed between the Co(OH)2 shell and the S-CCO core, which suggests a synergistic effect between S doping and core–shell structure. The formation of S–Co bond is conducive to electron and ion transport, thus improving electrochemical performance. After modification, the specific capacitance of S-CCO@Co(OH)2 is 4.28 times higher than CCO, up to 1730 Fg−1. Furthermore, the assembled S-CCO@Co(OH)2//activated carbon supercapacitor exhibits an energy density of 83.89 Whkg−1 at 848.81 Wkg−1 and a retention rate of 98.48% after 5000 charge and discharge cycles. Therefore, S doping and its mutual effect with the utilization of the core–shell structure considerably enhanced the electrochemical performance of the CCO-based electrodes, endowing its potential in further application.

Optimization and regulation of catalytic activity and stability: Pt–Ni diamond-shaped pearl nanochains with core-shell structure as high-efficient oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

The low utilization efficiency and poor stability of carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles (Pt/C) catalyst are two main problems of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), which can improve the catalytic performance by forming alloys and precisely regulating morphology and structures. Here, we introduced a simple and direct method for synthesizing Pt–Ni diamond-shaped pearl nanochains (Pt–Ni DP-NCs) as efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The alloying with Ni could enhance the catalytic activity, but because of leaching out of Ni during the cathodic reaction process, which causes a poor stability. To achieve the optimal point for both high activity and robust stability, a portion of Ni is selectively etched from Pt–Ni DP-NCs precursor in advance. During the process of de-alloying, Pt atoms with high catalytic activity are exposed to the surface of the nanochain after atomic rearrangement, thus obtaining Pt–Ni etched diamond-shaped pearl nanochains (Pt–Ni EDP-NCs) with 1D core-shell structure, which consisted of Pt–Ni as the core and Pt as the shell. Benefitting from the unique 1D core-shell structure and composition, Pt–Ni EDP-NCs-9 (etched for 9 h) exhibits high catalytic activity and robust stability for ORR. The mass activity of the sample Pt–Ni EDP-NCs-9 is 0.43 A/mgPt, which is 1.65 times higher than that of the Pt–Ni DP-NCs (0.26 A/mgPt), and 2.05 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C (0.21 A/mgPt). In addition, the 1D core-shell structure enables Pt–Ni EDP-NCs to be highly stable, which only lost by 8.6% of mass activity after 10,000 long cycles, whereas Pt–Ni DP-NCs suffers from a 34% loss under the same conditions. This work provides a strategic approach for designing efficient Pt-based catalysts that simultaneously modulate activity and stability.

Efficient and Stable Dual-Active-Site of Core-Shell NiFe-Layered Double Hydroxide Anchored on FeMnON-N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Zn-Air Batteries

The bifunctional air electrodes with numerous dual-active sites and low cost are desirable to modify the performance of Zn-air batteries (ZABs). Metal–oxygen-nitrogen–carbon substrate (M = Mn, Fe, Ni, etc.) and NiFe-layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) nanosheets are excellent catalysts in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) processes, respectively. Hereby, we investigate a bifunctional electrocatalytic substrate with a 3D core–shell hierarchical architecture by anchoring high OER-active NiFe-LDH on ORR-active FeMnZIF-8@gC3N4-derived FeMnON-N doped carbon nanotubes bamboo like (NiFe-LDH@FeMnON-NC). This nanocomposite has unique features such as robust synergistic effects, high conductivity, balance, and optimization of surface chemical valences of Fe, Mn, and Ni atoms to boost the bifunctional ORR and OER properties and stability in ZABs. The NiFe-LDH@FeMnON-NC nanocomposite not only exhibited superior OER electroactivity with a low onset overpotential of 235 mV (10 mA cm−2) but also had excellent ORR activity with a current density of −5.48 mA cm−2 and onset potential of 1.04 V, which is better than or comparable to those of commercial Pt/C and RuO2. Rechargeable ZABs constructed by bifunctional NiFe-LDH@FeMnON-NC have a peak power density (235.41 mW cm−2), open-circuit potential (OCV) (1.53 V), small discharge/charge band gap of 0.74 V and excellent discharge stability.

Accelerating kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction via expanding interlayer spacing of 1D core–shell layered double hydroxides

Layered double hydroxides (LDH) have been recognized as promising electrocatalysts for OER. However, the poor electron conductivity and limited interlayer spacing that relates with the ion diffusion decrease kinetics of OER. In this work, acetate was selected to construct basic cobalt acetate (COAC) on the surface of CoNi-LDH via a facile ethanol bath reaction. The similar lamellar structure between COAC and CoNi-LDH promises the successful growth of COAC on CoNi-LDH. TEM indicates that the interlayer spacing of COAC is around 1.5 times larger than that of CoNi-LDH, accelerating the kinetics of OER via increasing ion diffusion rates. In addition, the substitution of OH with acetate changes the electron distribution of Co-O octahedron in hydroxides sheets, which was evidenced to raising the density of Co3+ in the electrocatalysts, facilitating the formation of CoOOH and promoting the intrinsic activity of nickel foam (NF) supported CoNi-LDH@COAC. Moreover, the thin and crumpled COAC layer with low crystallinity is rich of unsaturated coordination sites, increasing the density of active sites, as well as enhancing the structural stability. As a result, the overpotential of CoNi-LDH@COAC/NF (253 mV) is 45 mV and 47 mV lower than that of COAC and CoNi-LDH/NF at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 and 73 mV and 63 mV lower than that of COAC and CoNi-LDH/NF at the current density of 50 mA cm−2, respectively. Therefore, this work unravels the enhanced catalytic mechanism of acetate anion in modulating the catalytic performance of LDH, which replenish the application of basic cobalt salt as electrocatalysts for OER.

3D Core-shell Structured NiMoO4@CoFe-LDH Nanorods: Performance of Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Overall Water Splitting

3D Core-shell Structured NiMoO₄@CoFe-LDH Nanorods: Performance of Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Overall Water Splitting

Precise Control of Two-Dimensional Hexagonal Platelets via Scalable, One-Pot Assembly Pathways Using Block Copolymers with Crystalline Side Chains.

Crystallization-driven self-assembly (CDSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) in selective solvents provides a promising route for direct access to two-dimensional (2D) platelet micelles with excellent uniformity, although significant limitations also exist for this robust approach, such as tedious, multistep procedures, and low yield of assembled materials. Herein, we report a facile strategy for massively preparing 2D, highly symmetric hexagonal platelets with precise control over their dimensions based on BCPs with crystalline side chains. Mechanistic studies unveiled that the formation of hexagonal platelets was subjected to a hierarchical self-assembly process, involving an initial stage of formation of kinetically trapped spheres upon cooling driven by solvophobic interactions, and a second stage of fusion of such spheres to the 2D nuclei to initiate the lateral growth of hexagonal platelets via sequential particle attachments driven by thermodynamically ordered reorganization of the BCP upon aging. Moreover, the size of the developed 2D hexagonal platelets could be finely regulated by altering the copolymer concentration over a broad concentration range, enabling scale-up to a total solids concentration of at least 6% w/w. Our work reveals a new mechanism to create uniform 2D core-shell nanoparticles dictated by crystallization and particle fusion, while it also provides an alternative facile strategy for the design of soft materials with precise control of their dimensions, as well as for the scalability of the derived nanostructures.

Synergistic Integration of Amorphous Cobalt Phosphide with a Conductive Channel for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia.

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia (NO3RR) is regarded as a viable alternative reaction to "Haber Bosch" process. Nevertheless, it remains a major challenge to explore economical and efficient electrocatalysts that deliver high NH3 yield rates and Faraday efficiencies (FE). Here, it demonstrates the fabrication of a 3D core-shell structured Co-carbon nanofibers (CNF)/ZIF-CoP for NO3RR application. Benefitting from the distinct electron transport property of Co-CNF and desirable mass transfer ability from amorphous CoP framework, the as-prepared Co-CNF/ZIF-CoP exhibits large NH3 FE (96.8 ± 3.4% at -0.1V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) and high yield rate (38.44 ± 0.65mg cm-2 h-1 at -0.6V vs RHE), which are better than Co-CNF/ZIF-crystal CoP. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further reveal that amorphous CoP presents a lower energy barrier in the rate determination step of the protonation of *NO to produce *NOH intermediates compared with crystal CoP, resulting in a superior NO3RR performance. Eventually, an aqueous galvanic Zn-NO3 - battery is assembled by using Co-CNF/ZIF-CoP as cathode material to achieve efficient production of NH3 whilst simultaneously supplying electrical power. This work offers a reliable strategy to construct amorphous metal phosphide framework on conducting CNF as efficient electrocatalyst and enriches its promising application for NO3RR.

Flash Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes for Energy Storage and Conversion.

In recent years, nitrogen-doped carbons show great application potentials in the fields of electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Here, the ultrafast and green preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) via an efficient flash Joule heating method is reported. The precursor of 1D core-shell structure of CNT@polyaniline is first synthesized using an in situ polymerization method and then rapidly conversed into N-CNTs at ≈1300 K within 1 s. Electrochemical tests reveal the desirable capacitive property and oxygen catalytic activity of the optimized N-CNT material. It delivers an improved area capacitance of 101.7 mF cm-2 at 5mV s-1 in 1m KOH electrolyte, and the assembled symmetrical supercapacitor shows an energy density of 1.03 µWh cm-2 and excellent cycle stability over 10000 cycles. In addition, the flash N-CNTs exhibit impressive catalytic performance toward oxygen reduction reaction with a half-wave potential of 0.8V in alkaline medium, comparable to the sample prepared by the conventional long-time pyrolysis method. The Zn-air battery presents superior charge-discharge ability and long-term durability relative to commercial Pt/C catalyst. These remarkable electrochemical performances validate the superiorities of the Joule heating method in preparing the heteroatom-doped carbon materials for wide applications.

Triphasic Ni2P−Fe2P−CoP heterostructure interfaces for efficient overall water splitting powered by solar energy

In this study, we design a triphasic Ni2P − Fe2P − CoP heterostructure appearing under the form of a hierarchical 3D core–shell hybrid (CoP@Ni2P − Fe2P) for bifunctionally catalyzing both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline medium. Density functional theory results indicate that the rich interfaces of Ni2P − Fe2P − CoP architecture exhibit the best electronic properties and enhanced multiple electroactive site number with optimum hydrogen adsorption energy, significantly surpassing the CoP, CoP−Ni2P, or CoP−Fe2P cases. Therefore, the electrolyzer cell of CoP@Ni2P − Fe2P(+,−) requires a small operating voltage of 1.51 V to reach 10 mA cm−2 during alkaline water splitting, outperforming the commercial catalyst couple of Pt/C(−)//RuO2(+) and numerous earlier reports. In addition, the solar-driven water splitting system demonstrates a high solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion of 15.33 %, along with excellent long-term stability. The results open a potential approach to design innovative high-performance electrocatalysts for practical green hydrogen production via electrochemical water splitting process.

Single material with multiple interfaces: A key one dimensional barium titanate filler for enhancing energy density in polymer nanocomposite

The increasing demand of energy and its storage devices in consumer electronics requires high energy density capacitors. In this context, we proposed a filler of single material with multiple interfaces to enhance the energy density in polymer nanocomposite film. The core-shell polydopamine (PDA) coated BaTiO3 (BT) incorporated in 1D BT architecture filler was prepared by the electrospinning process. In order to investigate the effect of the interfaces, the poly(vinylidene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-CTFE)) nanocomposite films of a fixed filler (BT, PDA coated BT and 1D core-shell BT) concentration were prepared. The introduction of a ferroelectric filler induces an electroactive phase in P(VDF-CTFE), leading to dielectric constant enhancement by 135% in nanocomposite film. This enhancement in dielectric constant is due to the increased polarizability of nanocomposite film, which was verified by the finite element analysis of electric field distribution. The ferroelectric (polarization vs electric field) loop measurement indicates that the multi-interfaced ferroelectric filler based nanocomposite film exhibits increased maximum polarization of 14.3 μC/cm2, breakdown strength of 5000 kV/cm and improved energy density of 9.9 J/cm3. It implying that an enormous increment (371%) of energy storage as compared to commercial biaxially orientated polypropylene (2.1 J/cm3).

High-Activity 2D/2D Core–Shell Structure to NiMoO4-Based Electrodes for Electrochemical Energy Storage

The limited reactive active sites on the surface of NiMoO4 electrodes are the main bottleneck, restricting the rate performance of the corresponding supercapacitors (SCs). However, it is still a difficult problem to improve the utilization of redox reaction sites by adjusting the interface of the nickel molybdate (NiMoO4) electrode. This study reports a two-dimensional (2D)/2D core-shell electrode on a carbon cloth (CC) with NiMoO4 nanosheets grown on NiFeZn-LDH nanosheets (NFZ@NMO/CC). The interface of the 2D/2D core-shell structure promotes the redox reaction by improving OH- adsorption and diffusion capacity (diffusion coefficient = 1.47 × 10-7 cm2 s-1) and increasing the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA = 737.5 mF cm-2), which are much larger than the pure NiMoO4 electrode (2.5 × 10-9 cm2 s-1 and 177.5 mF cm-2). The NFZ@NMO/CC electrode exhibits an excellent capacitance of 2864.4 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and an outstanding rate performance (92%), which is 3.18 times and 1.9 times those of the NiMoO4 nanosheets (33%) and the NiFeZn-LDH nanosheets (57.14%), respectively. Additionally, an asymmetric SC was assembled with NFZ@NMO/CC as the anode and Zn metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived carbon nanosheet (CNS)/CC as the cathode, which exhibited superior energy and power densities (70 Wh kg-1 and 709 W kg-1) with good cycling capability.

A novel recoverable 1D core-shell cotton fiber@ZnIn2S4 composite with improved photoactivity for H2 evolution under visible light

The problems of low activity, high cost and difficulty in recycle of photocatalysts limit their practical application. Coupling photocatalyst with abundant and natural organic material is one of feasible strategies to achieve high photoactivity and low cost of photocatalysts. Herein, one-dimensional (1D) cotton fiber@ZnIn2S4 (CF@ZIS)·composites with a novel core-shell structure were synthesized by coupling ZIS with inexpensive and natural abundance CF via a simple one-pot hydrothermal process. The microstructure, crystalline structures, optical properties and electrochemical property of CF@ZIS were investigated. ZIS nanosheets were in-situ attached on the CF surface, obtaining the CF@ZIS core-shell structure. This core-shell structure significantly suppressed the self-assembly of ZIS nanosheets made almost all ZIS nanosheets exposed to visible light, improving the utilization of light and meanwhile affording more reactive sites. The as-synthesized CF@ZIS showed improved photoactivity for efficient hydrogen production under visible-light irradiation. By replacing the half ZIS by cheap CF, the CF@ZIS-50 photocatalyst exhibited the optimal visible-light photocatalytic activity, which is 2 times than pure ZIS in hydrogen production. The enhanced photoactivity of CF@ZIS photocatalyst should be attributed to the uniform in-situ growth of ZIS nanosheets on the CF surface, the reduction of CF, and the intimate interface between ZIS and CF, resulting in the boosted separation and transfer of photogenerated charges. Additionally, due to the fibrous morphology of CF, the CF@ZIS photocatalyst showed excellent recoverability and photostability. This work provides a promising approach for designing highly efficient and low cost photocatalysts by using natural organic materials.

Site-Selective Chemical Vapor Deposition on Direct-Write 3D Nanoarchitectures.

Recent advancements in additive manufacturing have enabled the preparation of free-shaped 3D objects with feature sizes down to and below the micrometer scale. Among the fabrication methods, focused electron beam- and focused ion beam-induced deposition (FEBID and FIBID, respectively) associate a high flexibility and unmatched accuracy in 3D writing with a wide material portfolio, thereby allowing for the growth of metallic to insulating materials. The combination of the free-shaped 3D nanowriting with established chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques provides attractive opportunities to synthesize complex 3D core-shell heterostructures. Hence, this hybrid approach enables the fabrication of morphologically tunable layer-based nanostructures with the great potential of unlocking further functionalities. Here, the fundamentals of such a hybrid approach are demonstrated by preparing core-shell heterostructures using 3D FEBID scaffolds for site-selective CVD. In particular, 3D microbridges are printed by FEBID with the (CH3)3CH3C5H4Pt precursor and coated by thermal CVD using the Nb(NMe2)3(N-t-Bu) and HFeCo3(CO)12 precursors. Two model systems on the basis of CVD layers consisting of a superconducting NbC-based layer and a ferromagnetic Co3Fe layer are prepared and characterized with regard to their composition, microstructure, and magneto-transport properties.