3D Building Information Modeling Research Articles

BIM을 활용한 개인별 사무공간 비용 산출과 관리 방안 : 스마트 워크 오피스를 중심으로

Purpose: Smart Work, which started with IT (Information Technology) companies, takes place within various types of office spaces. While companies focus more attention on employees’ paycheck, most companies do not have a specific database for their office space expenses which also account for quite part of total expenditures. Using BIM (Building Information Modeling) 3D Simulation and Object Informational Database, efficient office space management can be achieved and the expense of office space can be calculated quickly. Method: By organizing an office space with Autodesk Revit, each office space of an employee is allocated according to the employee’s job assignment and position. The database sheet to calculate the rent of an employee’s personal office space and the cost of personal office supplies can be intuitively identified along with a 3 dimensional Revit modeling. The database with the expenses of space and supplies shows the cost of office space for each employee depending on the region. Result: BIM allows efficient management and response to changes in office space by configuring and calculating costs for individual employees. The assessment of employee productivity can be considered differently by region, working space, and types of office space in the era of Smart Work.

Integration of risk management within the building information modeling (BIM) framework

PurposeThis research has been conducted with a view to creating a framework to integrate risk management based on building information modeling (BIM) information.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, all the information related to the construction of a residential project including 3D, 4D and 5D BIM models and the execution and control phases information was collected, and the risk list was determined for each activity accordingly.FindingsThe present study has suggested a framework for risk management in order to optimize project changes.Originality/valueThe lack of integration between 3D, 4D and 5D modeling besides execution information is a fundamental problem in many projects. The gap between these two groups of information will lead to improper management and late decisions, eventually imposing unforeseen delays and cost overruns. Risk management by the means of adopting a new approach has been addressed in recent studies using new methods, such as BIM and its associated technologies, some of which were mentioned in the review of theoretical literature in this research.

Sustainability Assessment of a Low-Income Building: A BIM-LCSA-FAHP-Based Analysis

The construction industry is one of the most significant consumers of environmental resources worldwide. Faced with the need to produce new buildings, but without further burdening the environment, attempts to improve social, economic, and environmental indicators have turned attention to building construction in recent decades. The objective of this research is to develop a novel framework to assess the most sustainable choice of materials applied to the construction of low-income buildings, according to the three pillars of the Triple Bottom Line (TBL). A BIM-LCSA-FAHP-based model was proposed with the creation of nine different scenarios, where the materials of the structure (precast concrete, cast-in-place concrete, and structural masonry), painting (PVA water-based and acrylic), and roofing (ceramic and fiber cement tiles) varied. The proposed procedure consists of the elaboration of a 3D Building Information Modeling (BIM) model, for which the parameters described above were evaluated according to the Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA)-TBL-based criteria, divided into ten sub-criteria, that includes: (1) environmental (acidification, eutrophication, global warming, ozone depletion, smog formation, primary energy, non-renewable energy, and mass total), (2) economic (construction cost) and (3) socio-political issues (community impact). Finally, the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used as a multi-criteria decision-making technique that helps in aggregating and classifying the impacts of each scenario in a sustainability index (SI). Regarding the best option for low-income construction, the results indicated that precast concrete when combined with acrylic paint and fiber cement tiles (scenario 3) proved to be the most advantageous and achieved first place in the sustainability index (SI) developed in this work. This methodology is replicable for different construction typologies and several categories of materials, making it a robust decision-aiding tool for engineers, architects, and decision makers.

The impact of 3D, 4D, and 5D Building Information Modeling for reducing claims to service providers

In construction, claims are usually a request for additional time, cost, or quality of work. A dispute will occur If the claim is not resolved correctly. In industrial revolution 4.0, we can use the Building Information Modeling (BIM) method to increase efficiency. BIM is a digital display containing all information about building elements integrated with the building's life cycle period. BIM will accelerate and reduce risks in construction, including the impact of claims. In Indonesia, several consultants/contractors have been implemented BIM in construction projects. This research aims to determine the effect of using 3D, 4D, and 5D BIM in construction projects for reducing claims to service providers as seen from the indicators on BIM 3D, 4D, 5D BIM. The research method used is a descriptive research method with a Q-method approach using closed survey research instruments to 37 contractor/consultant respondents who use BIM. The results obtained from the 3D BIM 4 indicators affect the reduction of claims. The 4D BIM indicator has two hands that affect the decrease in claims. The 5D BIM indicators all involve reducing claims.

A BIM Approach for the Design of Industrial Warehouses

All around the world, the Building Information Modeling (BIM) is transforming the architecture of engineering design and of construction industry. While it is in an early implementation stage in African Sub-saharan Countries, many construction regulators and project owners are beginning to enforce the BIM application from the project design stage to its commissioning. The aim of this research work is to provide an approach for designing industrial warehouses using BIM as it was done in the industrial zone of the Kribi Deep Sea port in Cameroon. The proposed methodology is presented in six steps: definition of BIM general requirements, design of the 3D BIM architectural model, sizing of wall and roof for specific requirements, design of the 3D BIM structural model, coordination of 3D BIM models and interference detection and creation of 4D BIM model. Results obtained from the application of BIM on the design of a warehouse, dedicated to preserve the natural and biological essence of cocoa and coffee products in a hostile marine environment, show that this methodology is easily appropriated and implemented by local design and construction engineers through available engineering software in the local market.

Multi-Project in an Integrated BIM Model: Clash Detection and Construction Planning

The Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodology has been adopted in the construction industry, supporting the development of projects. Its implementation has improved the collaboration and integration in the design context, increasing the accuracy of the project preparation and the decreasing additional costs and delays of the construction work. The main objective of the present research is to provide an overview of the state of the art of BIM applications, namely, concerning the construction planning. For that, the generation of a BIM 3D model, involving the disciplines of architecture, structures and water supply system was performed. After, over the model a conflict analysis was applied, in order to verify the consistency of all the disciplines, when linked together. In order to obtain a visual simulation of the construction process, the correspondent 4D BIM model was also generated. Along the development of the study, distinct BIM software was applied over a case study. The main remarks of the capacities of the software, as well as the benefits and limitations verified were identified.

Building Information Modelling (BIM) Implementation for Highway Project from Consultant’s Perspectives in Malaysia

In today’s world, Building Information Modelling (BIM) is not a new term in the construction industry. Although BIM has been adopted in the AEC industry for a few decades now, the BIM implementation cultivation pace between developed countries and developing countries such as many European which considered as BIM leaders and some Asian countries has still shown significant differences. In Malaysia, there are several remarkable building projects with BIM utilization but very limited in road and highways project. Despite BIM capabilities in facilitating designers during design stage, BIM implementation are still considered unfavourable within the highway design consultants in Malaysia. Many firms seem reluctant to migrate from their traditional 2D drafting centric design process to BIM design process due to several reasons such as high cost in software investment, inadequate knowledge and expertise on BIM and lack of promotion from the government or relevant authority. Although BIM can benefit the project throughout its life-cycle from preliminary to operation and maintenance stage, the coordination and integration during design stage can contributes to positive impacts in progressing towards efficient construction documentation and construction stage. BIM 3D integrated modelling during design stage (conceptual and detailed design) are deemed to facilitate a highway project in terms of optimization through early visualization, design for constructability, road safety enhancement, reduce error and time consumption during construction and early clash detection. Therefore, this paper is intended to gather preliminary outlooks and views from the present practitioners in the highway industry on challenges encounters by consultants using the current traditional design practices, BIM capabilities in transforming the current design approach and BIM adoption barriers in Malaysian highway industry. Series of interviews were conducted with the professionals involved in highway projects especially during the design stage and based on the findings from the interviews conducted, all highway design consultants from various disciplines are aware on how BIM can tackle the challenges of current traditional design practice with 3D modelling approach and collaborative working environment. Although the results showed that highway consultants are willing to migrate to BIM workflow, cost and lack of expertise, urges from government and understanding on BIM are among barriers which hinder the BIM adoption in highway industry.

Assessment of the efficiency of using information modeling technology for buildings and structures as a construction security planning tool

Objective: presentation of an innovative method for the development of organizational and technological solutions, economically supported, that allow to provide an optimal response regarding the time and cost of construction production, the method of its use, the economic support for the application of this method in the development and implementation of the construction organization plan (COP) of industrial facilities. Methods: systems approach, statistical and comparative analysis, national and international developments in the field of construction production organization, economic and visual modeling, construction information modeling. Results: the tests of buildings and structures were analyzed in order to study the elements of the quality systems of BIM technologies in planning, security management of construction production. An algorithm for the operation of this model is presented for the development of a construction organization project (COP). Conclusions: Construction research shows that 4D Building Information Modeling (BIM) can improve the planning, control and management of security at a construction site.

Developing a novel cash flow risk analysis framework for construction projects based on 5D BIM

Cash flow management through analyzing various scenarios is still a problem for contractors, yet it is of paramount importance, with direct implications for the success of projects. Recent developments in the field rely on complicated procedures that necessitate the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM), coding procedures, and advanced cost estimation approaches. The field requires simple theoretically-sound procedures that are easy to adopt and BIM-compatible. This study sought to address this requirement by offering an innovative framework, workflow, and logical operation for cash flow management with BIM. The proposed framework is capable of: (1) accurately estimating the cash flow of projects, taking account of payment patterns for materials, equipment, human resources, and sub-contractors, as well as contract-related attributes and (2) assessing the impacts of important risk factors on the cash flow of projects. In methodological terms, the procedure followed by the study is to develop a proof of concept (PoC). A case project in Iran is used to validate the proposed framework and to assess its practicability in real-life contexts. The study would appeal to researchers by providing the theoretical foundations and logical procedures for a BIM-enabled framework and extending the body of knowledge on cash flow management of construction projects. For the world of practice, the study findings establish the accuracy and workability of the proposed framework in enabling contractors to predict possible cash flows and make appropriate decisions when managing construction projects.

BIM-based Facility Management Models for Existing Buildings

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is mainly used for the design and construction of new buildings. However, one of the main challenges facing BIM adoption for existing or old buildings constructed without consideration for their modeling is obtaining raw and accurate building data and converting it to the BIM model. Based on this challenge, this study develops a framework that uses different data capture techniques for existing buildings, then transforms this captured data into 3D BIM models through which it can improve its management processes as facilities during their service life. Specifically, 3D laser scanning techniques were used to capture indoor building data, while drones equipped with high-definition cameras (UAV) were used to capture outdoor building data such as geometric dimensions, material shapes, surfaces and various shapes. Then the captured data was converted into a high-resolution 3D model. This has been verified the accuracy of this engineering model by converting the two-dimensional engineering plans to three-dimensional through the well-known engineering design tools. Moreover, the 3D model has been integrated with the Web Based Building Management System (BMS) platform. This research framework helps in developing engineering facility management processes and modern digital transformation processes that aim at speeding up facility management during their service period using modern technologies. This study aims to develop current knowledge in the construction industry and facility management by reviewing a comprehensive understanding of how to use modern technologies to obtain various information to develop BIM models for existing and non-modeled buildings in order to exploit and integrate them with advanced facility management systems and platforms, which constitutes a major progress in this field allowing to save a lot of effort and money in the future.

Analysis of Time Efficiency with CCPM Method and BIM in Construction Projects Construction of High-Rise Residential Building Basement

Development in Indonesia is experiencing a rapid increase, a lot of vacant land is used by investors to construct buildings. The implementation of the construction must pay attention to the project schedule, work delays often occur. The factors that cause work delays are usually from weather disturbances, delivery and supplies of materials and tools that are not in accordance with the plan, changes in design and other external, internal factors. For this reason, this study will discuss about controlling project time using the critical chain project management (CCPM) method and 4D building information modeling in high-rise residential building projects, especially in 5-layer basement work. The critical chain project management method eliminates safe time and replaces buffer time. Adding buffer time using the cut and paste method, namely adding a project buffer half the duration of the critical chain (critical chain) at the end of the chain and placing the feeding buffer with half the activity duration to activities on the non-critical chain. Delays in the construction of a 5-layer basement usually include changes in the level of soil surface conditions, the stability of the excavated soil during the secant pile excavation period as a retaining wall as deep as -17,350 m below the ground level. The results of this study can optimize the duration of the implementation with the final completion time of the structural work faster than 432 working days to 293 work days of implementation so that the time efficiency is 32,17%.

Establishment and Application of Hospital BIM Based on Point Cloud and Image Fusion for Infectious Disease (Novel Corona Virus Pneumonia)

Since neither a single high-precision 3D coordinate laser point cloud nor a oblique image of high-precision spectral information can make the computer understand the data as human, in order to accurately and completely understand the object in the real world, in this paper, the fusion of the point cloud and the oblique image is studied for the understanding and application of the real object buildings by establishing a BIM model. Firstly, point cloud data and image data are acquired by different data acquisition methods. Laser point cloud and oblique image are fused by installation parameters so that geometric elements are consistent and benchmark is unified. Processing level is not limited to element level only, so as to ensure the integrity of information, and the fused mutual information remains consistent in scale, texture and direction. Secondly, under the condition of space-time synchronization, the relationship between point cloud and image in geometric space is established, and the alternating "energy transfer" is used for shape prediction and visual filling by matching under texture mapping constraints to enhance the semantic information of the 3D scene. Finally, a 3D building information model is established. Using the experimental results to track the whole life cycle (design, construction, operation) in real time saves the cost of building rework, reduces the building cycle, and improves the building accuracy. Especially based on BIM during Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia: analyze hospital space resource management and elastic function; construct medical unit model of infectious disease hospital; simulate and optimize medical process in infectious disease hospital; rapidly construct prefabricated infectious disease emergency hospital; simulate hospital infection path and dynamics; the auxiliary design and construction of infectious disease treatment in existing hospitals; The monitoring analysis and automatic control of hospital infection safety operation.

Trends in Hydropower

With a global focus on reducing carbon dioxide emissions, hydro power has come to the fore as an effective means of balancing other forms of electricity production from renewable sources (wind, photovoltaics and biomass).
 The role of hydropower in the modern mix of energy has led to favorable climatic conditions for development in the construction of new plants and upgrading with the renovation of existing hydroelectric power plants.
 Especially reversible hydropower plants with modern equipment with the so-called variable speed technology have a special role, which enables stability in the primary and secondary energy regulation system.
 A noteworthy trend is the construction of new facilities with low falls with the installation of highly efficient Kaplan and Tubular turbines.
 The already built projects in the fifth and sixth decades of the previous century, especially in northern Europe, are rapidly revamped and prepared for use in the next 40 to 50 years.
 Modern and sustainable approach to designing and preparing documentation for the construction of new or renewable power plants requires the use of modern information technology with 3D design and BIM (Building information Modeling) approach. In this way, young generations of engineers and consultants are easier to communicate with each other and reduce the possibility of errors in all phases of project realization.
 Key to the realization is the contracting of projects, the big dilemma whether to have EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction) contracts (turnkey) a responsibility in one place or to deal with separate lots and engage their employees to control realization in order to minimize risk.
 Special attention is given to model research and development of turbines with reciprocal tests both on the model and prototype turbines.

Residential Real Estate Valuation Framework Based on Life Cycle Cost by Building Information Modeling

Real estate markets are ideal investment options that lead to the construction industry’s and the economy’s growth. Therefore, having appropriate investment and valuation strategies is a critical success factor. Most established valuation methods emphasize market value and economic factors and are ignorant about buildings’ technical and structural attributes. Therefore, due to the process ambiguity and lack of information access, the estimated price usually differs from the real property value. In this research, a revised valuation framework is proposed based on the life cycle cost (LCC) of residential properties, focusing on the operation phase. LCC consists of all costs related to an asset during different phases of its lifecycle, and it helps determine the net present value of the property. For systematically storing and analyzing technical and financial information, building information modeling (BIM) was proposed. Despite being widely used in the design and construction phases, its application and competitive advantage to real estate developers and managers during the operation phase are not transparent. This research benefitted from the 5D BIM model with a level of development (LOD) of 300 to increase the transparency and validity of valuation. An 18.25% difference between the calculated price of two case studies in Tehran and their inflated market prices proved this assertion.

Metrics and methods for evaluating model‐driven reality capture plans

AbstractThis paper presents new metrics and methods for evaluating the quality of reality capture plans—commonly used to operate camera‐mounted unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or ground rovers—for construction progress monitoring and inspection of as‐is conditions. Using 4D building information model (BIM) or 3D reality model as a priori, these metrics provide feedback on the quality of a plan (within a few minutes), accounting for resolution, visibility, accuracy, completeness of the capture, and satisfying battery capacity and line‐of‐sight requirements. A cloud‐based system is introduced to create and optimize UAV/rover missions in the context of prior model. Results from real‐world construction data sets demonstrate that the proposed metrics offer actionable insights into the accuracy and completeness of reality capture plans. Additionally, a capture plan—with a combination of canonical and noncanonical camera views—that satisfies the introduced metrics is statistically correlated with the quality of reconstructed reality. These metrics can improve computer‐vision progress monitoring and inspection methods that rely on the construction site's appearance and geometry.

Using Cloud-Based Augmented Reality to 3D-Enable the 2D Drawings of AISC Steel Sculpture: A Plan-Reading Educational Experiment

Two-dimensional (2D) drawing is one of the most common communication approaches in the civil and construction engineering domain. However, there are limits to the traditional classroom setting for training in 2D drawing and interpretation skills. New visualization techniques exist for integrating the third dimension (depth) to 2D drawings, providing more accurate and natural representations of objects. This helps students to better understand 2D drawings and develop required spatial skills. This study employed cloud-based augmented reality (AR) technology to 3D-enable 2D drawings through virtually superimposing interactive 3D building information models onto 2D paper-based drawings. This research aims to understand if AR-enabled 3D augmentation can be used to facilitate students’ understanding of complex 2D drawings. An experiment was conducted to evaluate how AR could facilitate understanding 2D drawings against the conventional paper-only approach. The results revealed that AR was positively rated by students and could improve the accuracy of a plan-reading task.

4D BIM for Construction Logistics Management

This study presents an investigation into the extent to which emerging building information modelling (BIM) can be applied to construction logistics management (CLM). Given the specialist nature of the domains, the study employed an in-depth qualitative interview, whereby six experts were interrogated about their experiences of BIM for CLM. The study found the main applications of BIM on CLM to be the creation of three-dimensional (3D) site layout plans and four-dimensional (4D) coordination of site processes and common user plant, updating the 4D logistics plan as the project progressed and collaboration in BIM-based logistics coordination. Furthermore, there was a consensus amongst interviewees on improvement in site safety, comprehension of logistics information, efficiency on site, and effectiveness of layout planning as the main benefits. Lastly, the lack of training with implications on understanding was one of the main barriers to applying BIM to CLM. The findings from this study have the potential to stimulate the uptake of BIM by construction logistics practitioners. By so doing, the performance construction project delivery can be improved, and waste can be minimised or eliminated.

Building Information Modelling (BIM) for property valuation: A new approach for Turkish Condominium Ownership

In Turkey, calculation of the factors affecting the value of the condominium units of a building via 2D architectural project data leads to problems. One of the biggest problem is the land share calculation. The aim of this study was to establish a mechanism by which the properties of the factors affecting the value can be determined mathematically and to arrive at a value-based land share. For this purpose, the study utilized a 3D virtual Building Information Modelling (BIM) model. The value factors and weights were determined via a questionnaire, 3D BIM model of the structure was created, metric values of the factors were calculated and the nominal values of the condominium units were calculated. This study demonstrate that a building nonexistent in the real world can be represented in a virtual environment and comparable information source can be presented to the expert who will carry out the valuation process. .

Information workflow proposal for integrating cost estimating, scheduling, and monitoring with BIM in SMEs

Abstract Although many studies have emphasized the benefits of the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM), there is no consensus on the information workflow among main processes used in construction, particularly in small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, this work proposes an information workflow that integrates 3D BIM modeling, cost estimating, scheduling, and monitoring processes in SMEs (ICSM Information Workflow). This research adopts the design science research approach, which includes (a) a literature review and a study of the information workflow among the processes, (b) a proposal of an information workflow based on certain assumptions for integration, (c) a participatory process for testing and adapting the proposed workflow, and (d) an evaluation of the proposed information workflow. The results indicate the participatory and cyclical processes that were proposed to define the work packages using a standard WBS and a database for information integration were the key for integrating people, technologies, and processes. The main contributions of this study are the proposal of an information workflow that integrates cost estimating, scheduling, and monitoring with BIM in SMEs, and the lessons learned based on the pilot test and evaluation of the ICSM Information Workflow in one of the two projects studied.

An intelligent simulation-based framework for automated planning of concrete construction works

PurposeThis paper proposes an innovative intelligent simulation-based construction planning framework that introduces a new approach to simulation-based construction planning.Design/methodology/approachIn this approach, the authors developed an ontological inference engine as an integrated part of a constraint-based simulation system that configures the construction processes, defines activities and manages resources considering a variety of requirements and constraints during the simulation. It allows for the incorporation of the latest project information and a deep level of construction planning knowledge in the planning. The construction planning knowledge is represented by an ontology and several semantic rules. Also, the proposed framework uses the project building information model (BIM) to extract information regarding the construction product and the relations between elements. The extracted information is then converted to an ontological format to be useable by the framework.FindingsThe authors implemented the framework in a case study project and tested its usefulness and capabilities. It successfully generated the construction processes, activities and required resources based on the construction product, available resources and the planning rules. It also allowed for a variety of analyses regarding different construction strategies and resource planning. Moreover, 4D BIM models that provide a very good understanding of the construction plan can be automatically generated using the proposed framework.Originality/valueThe active integration between BIM, discrete-event simulation (DES) and ontological knowledge base and inference engine defines a new class of construction simulation with expandable applications.