30th Day Of Experiment Research Articles

Effect of Curcumin on Lead Induced Haematological, Oxidative and Bone Marrow Damage in Wistar Rats

Background: Lead is a well-recognized environmental pollutant and multisystemic toxin, which imposes a serious health concern in animals. Present study was conducted with the objectives to assess toxic effect of lead on mature and precursor blood cells and its amelioration with curcumin. Methods: Haematology and bone marrow cytology and histopathology were performed in rats for all the experimental groups after administration of lead acetate and curcumin in respective groups for 30 consecutive days. Result: Significant decrease in haemoglobin level, packed cell volume, erythrocytic, leukocytic and lymphocytic counts were observed in rats exposed to lead acetate on 15th and 30th day of experiment. Significant decrease in relative erythroid cell count and significantly increased myeloid to erythroid ratio were recorded in cytology along with histopathological alterations in bone marrow of lead exposed rats as compared to control rats. Oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde level was found to be significantly increased in association with significantly increased blood lead levels. Significant protection against these toxic changes was observed in rats administered with curcumin along with lead.

Effect of Probiotic Yeast, Sacchromyces cerevisiae on Tissue Biochemical and Carotenoid Variation in Freshwater Ornamental Fish Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)

The present work aims at assessing Bakers’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an efficient and eco-friendly probiotic feed additives for ornamental fish, Carassias auratus. For this study an indoor culture experiment was carried out 300l plastic trough containing 200l water in triplicate. In each tank five fishes at fingerlings stage (1.58 ± 0.14g) were reared for a period of 30 days. An uniform water quality parameters such as temperature (28.0 ± 1.0 0C), pH (7.60 ± 0.12), dissolved oxygen (4.80 ± 0.82mg/l) and ammonia (< 0.08 mg/l) were maintained. The results inferred that, the percentage increase in the biochemical constituents in both skin and muscle tissue of C. auratus received 2% yeast added diet (EDY2) registered higher values when compared to control and other experimental diets fed fishes. The total carotenoid content in the acetone extracted skin tissues of C. auratus fed with 2% yeast supplemented diet varied from 0.748+ 0.042 in 0 day to 0.944 + 0.014 µg/g wet tissue on 30th day of experiment. Likewise, in the muscle tissue of C. auratus extracted with acetone, the total carotenoid varied from 0.376+0.014 (0 day) to 0.541 + 0.008 µg/g wet tissue (30 day). The carotenoid content of both the tested tissues on methanol extract was low, when compared with acetone extract. The overall results inferred that S. cerevisiae supplementation @ 2g/ 100g diet distingly altered the carcass composition of C. auratus and also the accumulation of cartenoids in skin and muscle tissues. S. cerevisiae contains bioactive lead molecules, which accelerated the vital physical and metabolic activities in host fish species.

Study on corrosion characteristics of Q235 steel in seawater, soil and dry-wet alternating environments focusing on Shengli oilfield

The coastal pipelines are the key link between the offshore and the onshore pipelines, which are located in the soil dry-wet alternating environment. Even though higher corrosion risk of metals in coastal soil dry-wet alternating environment, few papers focused on this condition, while much research about ocean and atmospheric dry-wet alternating environment was paid attention to. In this paper, a self-designed soil dry-wet alternating experimental device was used to investigate the corrosion characteristics of Q235 steel in seawater, soil and dry-wet alternating environment based on mass loss experiments, corrosion morphology analysis and electrochemical experiments. The results showed that the general corrosion rate of Q235 steel in soil and seawater environments basically remained unchanged, and in dry-wet alternating environment increased with time, while the pitting rates were 0.280 mm/a (soil), 0.420 mm/a (seawater) and 0.567 mm/a (dry-wet alternation), respectively, which was caused by the oxygen concentration cell and salt concentration cell. Meanwhile, the growth rate of pitting size in dry-wet alternating environment was much higher than that in the other two environments with different corrosion characteristics of pitting corrosion (seawater and dry-wet alternation) and a changed from general corrosion to pitting corrosion (soil). In three environments, the corrosion current density (I corr) increased, in which on the 30th day of experiment, I corr = 79.72 μA cm−2 in dry-wet alternating environment, which was much higher than I corr = 47.89 μA cm−2 in seawater environment. In dry-wet alternating environment, the mass diffusion impedance at 10–2 Hz and the maximum phase angle changed significantly, while the logf-log∣Z∣ curve in low-middle frequency decreased significantly, and charge transfer resistance at 105 Hz reduced from 10.4 Ω to 4.3 Ω, illustrating an increasing corrosion rate.

Получение и эффективность биологически активных полипептидов из фетальной кости для стимуляции хондрогенеза

Из фетальной кости получен биологически активный комплекс полипептидов для стимуляции хондрогенеза и изучена его эффективность на модели заживления дефекта хряща у крыс. Биологически активный комплекс выделяли из межклеточного матрикса длинных трубчатых костей плодов собак (57 – 63 сут внутриутробного развития). Полученный комплекс вводили в дефект хряща 10 крысам в объеме 0,1 мл (опытная группа), 10 животным контрольной группы в дефект вводили 0,1 мл физиологического раствора. Обнаружено, что на 30 сут эксперимента у животных опытной группы размеры дефекта были статистически значимо ниже контроля. На 180 сут эксперимента область дефекта была полностью заполнена у животных обеих групп. Однако податливость хряща в контроле была статистически значимо ниже относительно опыта. Предполагается, что межклеточное вещество фетальной костной ткани может быть источником биологически активных компонентов, способных стимулировать репаративный хондрогенез (факторы роста, проколлаген и/или его дериваты).

Anti-obesity Activity of Extract of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Root in High Fat Diet-induced Obesity in Rats

Curculigo orchioides known as Musali or Talamuli in Ayurveda. Rhizome of C. orchioides is one of a reputed drugs mentioned in the ancient books of Ayurveda and Siddha, Unani and used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, spermatogenic, aphrodisiac, immunostimulant, hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic etc. To investigate the anti-obesity activity of extract of C. orchioides root in high fat diet-induced obesity rats. The five groups in this study were, group I (normal), group II received high fat diet, group III received obese rats given orlistat (50 mg/kg, p.o.), groups IV-Obese rats given extract of C. orchioides root 500 mg/kg, p.o. and groups V-Obese rats given extract of C. orchioides 1000 mg/kg, p.o. On 30th day of experiment, blood glucoses level, lipid profile and biochemical parameter were performed. Body weight of animals was significantly (p iss less than 0.05) maintained in all treatment groups. Progressive maintained blood glucose, lipid profile, and oxidative stress biomarkers were found in all treatment groups during study. The obtained results clearly suggested that C. orchioides possess pronounced anti-obesity potential

The effects of the Paleolithic Diet on obesity anthropometric measurements

Abstract Comparing the effects of Paleolithic Diet (PD) and of a Guidelines Substantiated Diet (GSD) on anthropometric indicators of obese individuals. Randomized clinical trial. Obese patients were divided into two groups based on dietary prescription: PD and GSD. These diets encompassed 82 and 73 patients, respectively, who were followed-up for 60 days. Anthropometric measurements were taken before the beginning of the trial, at the 30th day of it and at the end of the experimental period. At the 60th experimental day, there was 26.8% treatment abandonment by individuals in group PD and 19.2% by the ones in group GSD; there was not difference between groups (p = 0.684). Weight and height measurements were taken in order to determine body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC), which allowed determining the waist/hip ratio (WHR). There was no initial difference between groups in demographic, socioeconomic, exercising and anthropometric variables (p > 0.05). Group PD recorded the highest weight (p = 0.003), BMI (p = 0.002) and WC (p = 0.033) values at the 30th experimental day. Group PD kept the highest weight loss at the 60th day (p < 0,001), as well as the highest BMI (p < 0.001), WC (p = 0.002) and WHR (p = 0.002) reduction. PD is a feasible option to treat obesity, it led to reduced anthropometric markers. Other studies are necessary to assure the safety of its use for longer periods of time.

Carbonaceous microsphere‐based superabsorbent polymer as filler for coating of NPK fertilizer: Fabrication, properties, swelling, and nitrogen release characteristics

ABSTRACTRecently, the use of controlled release fertilizers in agriculture has resulted in huge benefits in plant growth and cultivation. Superabsorbent polymer (SAP)‐coated fertilizers have the added advantage in retaining water in soil after irrigation and also reduce the nutrient release rate from soil in a controlled manner. This study aimed to produce a nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK) fertilizer coated with superabsorbent carbonaceous microspheres polymer (SPC) by inverse suspension polymerization method with water‐retention and controlled release properties. Two sets of experiments were conducted: (1) three different weight percentages and (2) different materials. NPK coated with SPC showed increasing water‐retention ability with respect to carbon microsphere percentages and retains >80% water at the 30th day of experiment compared with pure NPK and NPK coated with SAP. The slow release behavior of all samples was investigated by induced coupled plasma mass spectrometry spectrometry and results showed that NPK coated with SAP and SPC has a low release rate with <50% nutrient release compared with uncoated NPK at the 30th day. The release mechanism kinetics of NPK coated with SAP and SPC were studied based on the Kosmeyer–Peppas model. The mechanisms approached Fickian diffusion‐controlled release as the n value for both samples was less than 0.5. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48396.

Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid-enriched Butter After 24 hours of Intestinal Mucositis Induction

ABSTRACTMucositis is the most common side effect due to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. It refers to the inflammation of intestinal mucous membranes, and it is associated with complications such as diarrhea, weight loss, and increased intestinal permeability (IP). This study was designed to evaluate the effect of diet containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-enriched butter on intestinal damage and inflammatory response after 24 h of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced mucositis. Mice were divided into four groups: CTL; CLA; 5-FU, and CLA 5-FU, and they were fed for 31 days. On the 30th experimental day, mucositis was induced by unique injection of 300 mg/kg of 5-FU. After 24 h (31st experimental day), IP was evaluated; ileum and fecal material were collected to determine cytokine level and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). The 5-FU group showed an increase in IP and MPO activity (CTL vs. 5-FU: P < 0.05). Additionally, increased levels of IP and MPO were observed in CLA 5-FU group compared to those in the test groups (P < 0.05). Animals in the CLA 5-FU group showed reduced concentrations of sIgA (CTL vs. CLA 5-FU: P < 0.05). CLA-enriched butter exacerbating the 5-FU-induced intestinal damage. Safety concerns regarding the use of CLA require further investigation.

The effect of taurine and enriched environment on behaviour, memory and hippocampus of diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been studied recently as a major cause of cognitive deficits, memory and neurodegenerative damage. Taurine and enriched environment have stood out for presenting neuroprotective and stimulating effects that deserve further study. In this paper, we examined the effects of taurine and enriched environment in the context of diabetes, evaluating effects on behaviour, memory, death and cellular activity. Eighty-eight Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups (E=enriched environment; C=standard housing). Some animals (24/group) underwent induction of diabetes, and within each group, some animals (half of diabetics (D) and half of non-diabetics (ND)/group) were treated for 30days with taurine (T). Untreated animals received saline (S). In total, there were eight subgroups: DTC, DSC, NDTC, NDSC, DTE, DSE, NDTE and NDSE. During the experiment, short-term memory was evaluated. After 30th day of experiment, the animals were euthanized and was made removal of brains used to immunohistochemistry procedures for GFAP and cleaved caspase-3. As a result, we observed that animals treated with taurine showed better performance in behavioural and memory tasks, and the enriched environment had positive effects, especially in non-diabetic animals. Furthermore, taurine and enriched environment seemed to be able to interfere with neuronal apoptosis and loss of glial cells, and in some instances, these two factors seemed to have synergistic effects. From these data, taurine and enriched environment may have important neurostimulant and neuroprotective effects.

The effect of dietary Chlorella vulgaris supplementation on micro-organism community, enzyme activities and fatty acid profile in the rumen liquid of goats.

Microalgae might be considered as an alternative source of fat and/or protein for ruminant's diets. However, changes in populations of ruminal micro-organisms associated with biohydrogenation process, methane and ammonia production in response to microalgae dietary supplementation have not been well characterized. Thus, 16 cross-bred goats were divided into two groups. Each goat of both groups was fed individually with alfalfa hay and concentrates separately. The concentrates of the control group had no microalgae while those of the treated group were supplemented with 10g lyophilized Chlorella vulgaris/kg concentrate (chlor). On the 30th experimental day, samples of rumen fluid were collected for microbial DNA extraction, fatty acid profile and enzyme activity analyses. The results showed that the chlor diet compared with the control increased significantly the populations of Methanosphaera stadtmanae, Methanobrevibacter ruminantium and Methanogens bacteria and protozoa in the rumen of goats. A significant reduction in the cellulase activity and in the abundance of Ruminococcus albus, and a significant increase in the protease activity and in the abundance of Clostridium sticklandii in the rumen liquid of goats fed with the chlor diet, compared with the control, were found. Chlorella vulgaris supplementation promoted the formation of trans C18:1 , trans-11 C18:1 and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), while the proportions of C18:0 and long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) reduced significantly in the rumen liquid of goats. This shift in ruminal biohydrogenation pathway was accompanied by a significant increase in Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens trans C18:1 -producing bacteria. In conclusion, the supplementation of diets with microalgae needs further investigation because it enhances the populations of methane-producing bacteria and protozoa.

ДЕСКВАМАЦІЯ ЕНДОТЕЛІОЦИТІВ АРТЕРІЙ НИЖНІХ КІНЦІВОК ПРИ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНІЙ ГІПЕРУРИКЕМІЇ У ЩУРІВ ДОРЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО ТА РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО ВІКУ

&lt;p&gt;Резюме. При дослідженні особливостей десквамації ендотеліоцитів тварин дорепродуктивного та репродуктивного віку за умов гіперурикемії встановлено, що чисельність злущених ендотеліальних клітин суттєво зростає до 30-го дня експерименту та переважає у щурів репродуктивного віку.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ремоделювання судинного русла проявляється потовщенням судинної стінки за рахунок гіперплазії і гіпертрофії лейоміоцитів з лімфоцитарно-макрофагальною інфільтрацією адвентицію.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ключові слова: гіперурикемія, десквамовані ендотеліоцити, ремоделювання, артерії нижніх кінцівок.&lt;/p&gt;

The protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in isoniazid and ethambutol-induced ocular toxicity of rats

Purpose: This study intended to examine the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on isoniazid (INH) and/or ethambutol (ETM)-induced retina and optic nerve toxicity in a rat model.Methods: This study included eight groups, each containing 10 rats. The groups were Control, INH, ETM, CAPE, INH+CAPE, ETM+CAPE, INH+ETM and INH+ETM+CAPE. Rats were given orally 50 mg/kg/d of INH and 50 mg/kg/d of ETM in tap water for 30 d. 10 μmol/kg of CAPE were intraperitoneally injected for 30 d. The first dose of CAPE was given 24 h before the INH and ETM treatment and continued until sacrifice. Control group was given only tap water for 30 d. Rats were anaesthetized and sacrificed on the 30th day of experiment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA), total anti-oxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) were measured on the dissected and excised retina and optic nerve samples. Fellow eyes were used for histopathologic evaluation and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) count. In addition, CAPE, INH and ETM interaction with SOD isoforms were calculated in silico.Results: The SOD activity and TAS levels were found significantly higher in CAPE-treated groups compared to INH and/or ETM-treated groups (p < 0.0001). But the MDA, and TOS levels were significantly lower in CAPE-treated groups (p < 0.0001). The mean RGC count is significantly decreased in INH, ETM and INH+ETM groups compared with INH+CAPE, ETM+CAPE and INH+ETM+CAPE groups, respectively (p values 0.001, 0.042, and 0.001 respectively). Besides, in silico calculations showed that binding affinity of CAPE to SOD isotypes was higher than that of INH and ETM.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that CAPE treatment may decrease the oxidative stress in the retina and optic nerve of INH- and ETM-treated rats and may prevent RGC loss. As an underlying mechanism, CAPE and SOD interaction seems crucial for alleviation of ocular oxidative stress and RGCs toxicity.

Evaluation of paracetamol distribution and stability in case of acute intoxication in rats

Effects of different storing conditions on paracetamol concentration in biological samples of acute intoxicated rats were investigated. The stability and distribution of paracetamol was observed in postmortem serum, liver, kidney and brain tissues. The serum samples were stored for 30 days and daily changes were evaluated for paracetamol. A significant difference (p = 0.05) was noticed on the 30th experimental day. Paracetamol serum levels changed as much as 66.30% and 33.78% for 4°C and -20°C, respectively. The stability of paracetamol in liver stored at -20°C was also evaluated for 30 days. The paracetamol concentration levels taken from liver samples dramatically decreased from 30.36% on the 1st day to 94.97% on the 30th day. The paracetamol distribution in organs was as 2.68 , 1.11 and 0.68 mg/g in liver, kidney and brain samples, respectively. Meaningful difference in paracetamol in serum and liver samples was in observed in 30th day values (p = 0.05).

Simulation study on purification efficiency for nitrogen in different types of wetlands in Sanjiang Plain, China

The purification law of nitrogen in Deyeuxia angustifolia, Carex lasiocarpa and Deyeuxia angustifolia-Carex lasiocarpa combined wetland systems in the Sanjiang Plain, China was studied by field simulation experiment. The results indicate that the removal rates of TN, NH4+-N and NO3−-N in above three types of wetlands present an obvious logarithm growth trend along with the time. There are evident removal effects for NH4+-N and NO3−-N in water bodies of wetlands after the 30th day of experiment, with the removal rates over 80.0%, but the removal rate of TN is slightly low, being 63.1%–74.3%. NO3−-N is most quickly removed by the combined wetland, and NH4+-N by Deyeuxia angustifolia wetland. The removal speeds of TN by the three wetland systems are comparatively slow, of which the Deyeuxia angustifolia wetland is the fastest. In consideration of plant growth season, Deyeuxia angustifolia wetland has much more practical application value in purifying nitrogen. These results can provide references for the study on the purification function of wetlands and the control of non-point source pollution in Northeast China.

An Animal Model For Physiological Studies Of Exercise On Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Animal models for physiological studies of exercise on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) are scarce. The protocol of multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MLDS) induces in rodents DM1 generating various disorders, but little is known about the physiological changes. PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the MLDS protocol generates a good model for physiological study of exercise in T1DM. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice, with 7 to 10 weeks, received intraperitoneal (40 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in citrate buffer pH 4.5 for 5 consecutive days, and their controls (CTL) received solvent. Over 30 days they were evaluated glucose using clinical glucômetro incidence of diabetes (per animal/day), dypsia (volume of water consumed per period) diuresis (visual assessment of the cages) and plasma levels of triglycerides (TAG) and total cholesterol (CT) (colorimetry). It was considered diabetic animals, the ones that presented non-fast glucose above 200 mg/dL. The comparisons were made using Student's t test. RESULTS: Animals of the STZ group showed average glucose, the 15th day of experiment, of 327 ± 6.38 mg/dL (n = 50) with an incidence of 83% and 383 ± 20.63 mg/dL (n = 18) with incidence of 93% on the 30th day against average control group of 131, 3 ± 2.41 (n = 38) and 139.7 ± 3.83 (n = 14), respectively. The mean weight gained by the end of the experiment STZ group (2.916 ± 0.2583 g, n = 29) was lower compared to the CTL group (5.897 ± 0.3831 g, n = 16), while the food consumption (CTL: 4.95 g, n=10/ STZ: 6.09 g, n=10), dypsia and diurese were higher in STZ (n = 10) compared to CTL (n = 10). TAG levels were similar between groups (CTL: 105.6 ± 18.13 mg/dL, n = 4 and STZ: 102.5 ± 7.096 mg/dL, n = 6) on the 15th day of the experiment, but on the 30th days (CTL: 108.1 ± 2.205 mg/dL, n = 5 and STZ: 177.9 ± 15.40 mg / dL, n = 9) increased in the STZ group. The CT levels showed an increase in both STZ group on the 15th day (CTL: 72.39 ± 3.564 mg/dL, n = 5 / 92.54 ± 2.453 mg/dL, n = 5) and the 30th day of experiment (CTL: 75.94 ± 1.745 mg/dL, n = 6 / 96.86 ± 7.367 mg/dL, n = 8). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the MLDS model generates progressive metabolic changes similar to Diabetes Mellitus in humans showing that as a good animal model for studies of exercise physiology mainly in the early stages of development of T1DM.

Influence of supplying bullfrog tadpoles with feed containing 28% crude protein on performance and enzymatic activities

The objective of this study was evaluate the influence of feeding bullfrog tadpoles on commercial feed containing 28% crude protein (CP), on their digestive enzyme performance and activities. The experiment lasted 60 days, at the density of one tadpole/L in boxes containing 30 L water. A hundred and twenty tadpoles at the 25 Gosner stage averaging weight and length was 0.046 g and 6.22 mm, respectively, were used. Survival rate, length, final weight, weight gain, feed consumption, apparent food conversion, specific growth rate and activities of chime, amylase, lipase and trypisin were the parameters evaluated, biweekly, in five biometries. Quadratic effect was observed for the length and the weight. There was larger growth of the tadpoles from the 15th to the 45th day (19.82 mm). On the 15th day, the tadpoles presented the largest specific growth rate (16.93%/day), and the largest weight gain (5.460 g), feed intake (14.099 g) and the best apparent food conversion (2.46) was from the 45th to the 60th day. The specific activity of amylase was 205 times greater at 60 days when compared to the beginning of the experiment. The results demonstrated that, for the three enzymes studied, the action capacity over the tadpole chime increased significantly after the 30th experimental day. Moreover, they suggested a greater capacity of tadpoles to digest carbohydrates in detriment to proteins, and this fact was accentuated in the initial phase of the exogenous feeding of this amphibian. The commercial feed with 28% CP provide good performance in the bullfrog tadpoles, indicating the juvenile formation within commercial bullfrog farming standards.

Reproductive Insufficiency in the Male Rat with Adenine-lnduced Chronic Renal Failure

The effect of adenine-induced chronic renal failure on the male reproductive system was studied using male Wistar rats. On the 30th experimental day, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were elevated in adenine-treated rats. Body weight ratio of the testes and serum levels of gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone) in adenine-treated rats were similar to those in the controls. Serum testosterone level was reduced in adenine-induced uremic rats, but serum concentrations of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione were increased in the uremic group. These results suggest that adenine-induced chronic renal failure reduces testicular function by suppressing 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase which converts androstenedione to testosterone.