Dimensional Form Research Articles

Designing and Developing Digital Computer Game of Plastic Waste Awareness for Young Children

Providing education about how to behave or make decisions using game media will enable children to develop positive attitudes in dealing with waste problems which increasingly require our thoughts together. The design method through the stages of observation in the form of visual data search, analysis elaboration mapping problem, then visually determining the essential character as the main idea. The result is a character design with the function that allows player to know the existence of the threads. The game is made to arouse the interest of the players about anticipating plastic waste. This game is made in a 2-dimensional form which conveys information regarding the condition of the plastic waste which is described as attacking and filling the sea. Thus, actions will appear that will foster a sense of care for environmental cleanliness. The prototype of digital computer game was developed using scratch. The result of this prototype will be used for next development.

Impact of Dual Phase Lag on Natural Convection Flow in a Porous Vertical Channel in the Presence of Periodic Boundary

ABSTRACTThe dual‐phase‐lag (DPL) heat conduction model is utilized in this research to analyze the fluid flow of viscous fluid passing through a porous vertical channel with periodic boundary conditions. Periodic heating is subjected to the channel boundary. Equations regarding the model, including the momentum and energy equations, in which the DPL term is incorporated, all in dimensional form, are stated and are being transformed to their dimensionless form, then solved analytically by undetermined coefficients and variation of parameters. The actual expressions of temperature and velocity, as well as the heat transfer rate and skin friction, are determined. The effects of the DPL parameters, suction/injection, Prandtl number, heat source/sink, and Strouhal number on the dimensionless temperature and velocity profiles are demonstrated using graphs that are constructed with the aid of MATLAB. It was found during the investigation that the introduction of the DPL model, together with suction/injection in the channel, enhances the velocity and fluid temperature within the channel. Also, the decreasing effect of temperature gradient phase lag on fluid temperature and velocity conversed with that of heat flux phase lag. As an important contribution, the discovery of the effects of the phase‐lag parameters of the DPL model and suction/injection on fluid temperature and velocity would significantly help researchers advance the design of electrical and electronic systems.

Application of Three-Dimensional Risk Matrix Approach for Occupational Injury Risk assessment in an Automotive Factory

Introduction: Risk assessment matrix is a tool used in a project’s risk assessment process to identify the probability of risks and evaluate the potential damages caused by those risks. Generally, a risk assessment matrix is drawn in a two-dimensional form, with two factors: the severity of the accident and the probability of its occurrence. So, the purpose of this study is to develop a specific risk assessment matrix in a three- dimensional form by using the accident severity grade (ASG) rating system, the accident probability, and taking into account the preventive approach that helps occupational injury risk assessment in the automobile industry. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 1402 (2023) in one of the automobile assembly industries. One hundred cases were randomly selected by examining the reports of this industry’s past accidents. The ASG scoring checklist was designed and completed by the experts to assess the severity of accidents. Then, considering the ASG score, the frequency of the accident, and its preventability, a three-dimensional risk assessment matrix specific to this industry was presented. Results: According to the findings of the accident analysis, a total of 658 accidents and 15,019 lost working days were recorded in this period. The most influential factor in the occurrence of accidents is related to “surface condition” (influence factor = 0.6), and the least of them belongs to the “weather conditions” (influence factor = 0.028). The results of the three-dimensional matrix show that when the ability to prevent accidents increases, the risk of accidents decreases. Conclusion: Using the accident severity grade (ASG) and preventability in the proposed three-dimensional risk assessment matrix, the accident severity can be quantified immediately after the accident. This approach allows monitoring workplaces during the accident, leading to timely control and risk management implementation.

Quasi‐stabilization/synchronization of quaternion‐valued memristive neural networks: Norm approach

This paper examines the quasi‐stabilization and synchronization of memristive neural networks in high dimensional forms. First, new criteria for the existence of the equilibrium point (EP) are delivered by contraction mapping principle. Then, a new Lyapunov function described with one‐norm form is imported for quasi‐stabilization/synchronization of the system. Finally, two numerical examples containing simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness.

Research on automatic switching of hydraulic feed dual process in honing processing

Abstract Honing is a finishing process used for the inner cylindrical surfaces of engine blocks or liners. The process involves abrasive particles bonded to the surface of a honing head, which come into contact with the inner bore surface, performing an oscillating and rotational motion. These motions follow a specific pattern, allowing for the creation of crosshatch patterns on the inner bore surface, thereby improving dimensional accuracy, form accuracy and reducing surface roughness. Common honing processes are divided into four distinct phases: material removal, crosshatching, finish honing, and plateau honing. Each phase corresponds to specific tasks such as material removal from the bore, creating crosshatch patterns, honing the peaks in the crosshatch, and final surface finishing. In computer numerical control (CNC)-based honing machine, individual control commands are typically used to manage each of these phases separately. The commands are combined according to process requirements to achieve the desired honing results. To enhance the efficiency of the honing process, this study focuses on the hydraulic feed of the abrasive strips on the honing head, specifically examining the automatic continuous switching between finish honing and plateau honing. The research analyzes the honing principles, develops a control algorithm for dual-process automatic switching, and validates the process through machining tests. Compared to single-process control, the proposed algorithm significantly improves processing efficiency. Additionally, this algorithm can be applied to other dual-process automatic switching controls, providing valuable insights for the design of CNC honing systems.

Effect of Suction/Injection on Unsteady MHD Natural Convection Flow of Heat Mass Transfer in Porous Channel in the Presence of Soret Term

This research paper explores the effect of suction/injection on unsteady MHD natural convection flow of heat mass transfer in porous channel in the presence of Soret term. The governing partial differential equations are converted to non- dimensional forms and solved numerically by using unconditionally stable and convergent implicit finite difference method. A parametric study illustrating the influence of various physical parameters is performed. It is reported that the velocity profile increases as Soret term, Grashof number, Solutal Grashof number and Porous parameters values increase, while Magnetic field parameter decreases the velocity profile. The temperature profile rises by the influence in increasing values of Variable Thermal Conductivity and decreases by increasing values of Prandtl number and Radiation parameters. While concentration profile increase by the increasing values of Soret term and Chemical reaction. The dependence of the skin friction coefficient, rate of heat transfer and mass transfer on these parameter has been discussed.

Homogeneous Riemannian Structures in Thurston Geometries and Contact Riemannian Geometries

We give explicit parametrizations for all the homogeneous Riemannian structures on model spaces of Thurston geometry. As an application, we give all the homogeneous contact metric structures on $3$-dimensional Sasakian space forms.

Framed Bertrand and Mannheim Curves in Three-Dimensional Space Forms of Non-zero Constant Curvatures

The purpose of this paper is to generalize definitions of Bertrand and Mannheim curves to non-null framed curves and to non-flat three-dimensional (Riemannian or Lorentzian) space forms. Denote by $\mathbb{M}_q^n(c)$ the $n$-dimensional space form of index $q=0,1$ and constant curvature $c\neq 0$. We introduce two types of framed Bertrand curves and framed Mannheim curves in $\mathbb{M}_q^3(c)$ by using two different moving frames: the general moving frame and the Frenet-type frame. We investigate geometric properties of these framed Bertrand and framed Mannheim curves in $\mathbb{M}_q^3(c)$ that may have singularities. We then give characterizations for a non-null framed curve to be a framed Bertrand curve or to be a framed Mannheim curve. We show that in special cases these characterizations reduce to the well-known classical formulas: $\lambda \kappa+\mu \tau=1$ for Bertrand curves and $\lambda(\kappa^2+\tau^2)=\kappa$ for Mannheim curves. We provide several examples to support our results, and we visualize these examples by using the Hopf map, the hyperbolic Hopf map, and the spherical projection.

Analysis of heat and mass transfer rates in conducting Casson fluid flow over an expanding surface considering Ohmic heating and Darcy dissipation effects

In a recent scenario, the flow of Casson fluid via porous media has practical applications in various engineering processes, such, as the design of cooling systems for electronic devices, oil recovery in porous reservoirs, and polymer extrusion processes, etc. The proposed investigation illustrates the thermal and solutal transfer rates in a conducting Casson fluid flow over an expanding surface. However, the emphasis goes to the behavior of the Ohmic heating and Darcy dissipation when considering the transverse magnetic field and porous matrix. The governing flow phenomena with their dimensional form are altered into a non-dimensional set of equations with the help of suitable similarity rules. Further, an adequate numerical simulation is adopted to solve the transformed equations using the in-house bvp4c function in MATLAB. The physical parameters involved in the flow problem and their behavior on the governing flow phenomena are presented graphically and described briefly. Prior to this investigation, the conformity of the current numerical output obtained for the heat transfer rate was validated with the earlier work with a good correlation. Moreover, the major outcomes are; the non-Newtonian Casson parameter retards the axial and transverse velocity profile and the shear rate also decreases significantly. The Eckert number caused by the inclusion of the dissipative heat encourages the fluid temperature throughout.

Local rigidity of constant mean curvature hypersurfaces in space forms

In this paper, we study the local rigidity of constant mean curvature (CMC) hypersurfaces. Let x:Mn→Mn+1(c),n≥4, be a piece of immersed constant mean curvature hypersurface in the (n+1)-dimensional space form Mn+1(c). We prove that if the scalar curvature R is constant and the number g of the distinct principal curvatures satisfies g≤3, then Mn is an isoparametric hypersurface. Further, if Mn is a minimal hypersurface, then Mn is a totally geodesic hypersurface for c≤0, and Mn is either a Cartan minimal hypersurface, a Clifford minimal hypersurface, or a totally geodesic hypersurface for c>0, which solves the high dimensional version of Bryant Conjecture.

FRACTIONAL ANALYSIS OF POPULATION DYNAMICAL MODEL IN (3+1)-DIMENSIONS WITH FRACTAL-FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVES

The fractal-fractional derivative is a powerful tool that is generally used for the mathematical analysis of complex and unpredictable structures. In this paper, we study a population dynamical model of (3+1)-dimensional form using the fractal derivative involving fractional order with power law kernel. The proposed scheme is known as the Sumudu Homotopy Transform Method ([Formula: see text]HTM), which depends on the association between the Sumudu Transform ([Formula: see text]T) and the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM). The convergence of the derived results is verified by comparing the errors in consecutive iterations with the [Formula: see text]HTM results. We display the behavior of the obtained results in three-dimensional shape across the various orders of fractal and fractional derivatives. We present three numerical tests to validate the accuracy of [Formula: see text]HTM and compare the acquired findings to the exact outcomes of the suggested model. This analysis confirms that the [Formula: see text]HTM results align perfectly with the accurate results. As a result, the [Formula: see text]HTM is widely recognized as a leading computational method for obtaining approximate solutions to various nonlinear complex fractal-fractional problems.

Development of Android Application for Insect Animal Recognition Based on Augmented Reality as Interactive Learning Media

This study aims to develop Augmented reality applications as an interesting and interactive learning media and able to provide convenience in introducing insect animals into 3-dimensional form. The method used to design this system is the Prototype method and application testing is used Usability testing. Based on the results of development and testing, the majority of respondents indicated that the Insect World application functions well and is easy to use. Positive responses are also seen in the perception of learning about insect animals provided by the Insect World application. The appearance of the application and the real insect models displayed are also favored by the majority of respondents, and most like the learning experience using the Insect World Augmented reality application.

Unraveling conditions for W-shaped interface and undercooled melts in Cz-Si growth: A smart approach

In Cz-Si growth, concave and W-shaped solid–liquid interfaces and undercooled melts are primary contributors to the degradation of crystal quality, particularly structure loss, defect generation, non-uniform dopant distribution, and crystal twisting, making their avoidance crucial. We employed a classification tree machine learning approach to investigate the importance of 15 process and furnace design parameters and their critical ranges for the formation of various types of W-shaped interfaces and undercooled melts at different scales, both in dimensional and dimensionless forms, and across a wide range of process conditions. Moreover, symbolic regression was used to predict minimal melt temperature based on the aforementioned inputs. Training data were obtained by CFD modeling. The classification tree for combined output identified the Grashof, Reynolds for crystal, and Stefan numbers, along with the percentage of silicon solidified, as the most decisive inputs. Symbolic regression for the temperature of undercooled melt highlighted crucible diameter, pulling rate, and the power of the bottom heater as key parameters.

Numerical simulation of heat transport mechanism in chemically influenced ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over a wedge geometry

Ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over a wedge surface facilitates optimization, promotes industrial processes such as heat transfer, temperature regulation, material compatibility, energy efficiency and is very useful in equipment design. Due to this attention the current study focalizes the heat diffusion and mass transportation in ternary hybrid (TiO2-AL2O3-SiO2) nanofluid flow over a stretching/shrinking wedge geometry. Additionally, Ternary hybrid flow is examined under the impact of activation energy together with chemical reactions. The nanofluid flow process is structured using Modified Boungiorno Model together with framed set of partial differential equation (PDEs). The resulting systems is altered into non dimensional form of ordinary differential equation (ODEs) using transform functions and linearization is obtained through shooting technique. MATLAB bvp4c solver scheme is utilized for numerical findings of the problem. Influence of key parameters are analyzed on velocity, temperature, and concentration field. Fluid concentration intensifies via augmentation in activation rate whereas wedge stretching due to larger values of wedge angle, lessens velocity of fluid. Heat transportation escalate with higher values of fluid index, whereas negative trend is seen in case of higher value of Brownian parameter.

Behaviour of effective heat transfer rate in radiating micropolar nanofluid over an expanding sheet with slip effects

The enhancement in the heat transfer rate is one of the vital aspects nowadays for the main objective of various industries to get better quality as well as the longevity of the product. Not only in industries but also in various areas such as in drug delivery, peristaltic pumping process, etc. it is found that this will be benefited by the utility of the various nanofluids that gives rise to enhanced thermal conductivity. Therefore, the present investigation leads to analyse the performance of effective heat transfer rate considering the flow of radiating micropolar nanofluid through a permeable expanding sheet embedding within a permeable medium. Precisely, the consideration of slip boundary conditions of both velocity and thermal profile enhances the flow phenomena. The main focus of the study is the consideration of Gherasim model viscosity and Hamilton-Crosser model which energies the thermal properties. Shooting based “Runge-Kutta fourth-order” technique is useful for the solution of governing equation followed by the transformation of these equations into dimensional form to the non-dimensional for with the help of suitable similarity rules. Further, a robust statistical approach i.e. “response surface methodology” is adopted to get optimized heat transfer rate for various factors in two different conditions such as injection and suction. However, the validation is presented through hypothetical test comparing the variances. Moreover, the important outcomes are: Nanoparticle concentration encourages the flow properties along with the heat transport phenomena. The thermal energy due to the enhanced thermal radiation accelerates the heat transmission rate for both the case of suction/injection.

IMPLEMENTASI UNITY DALAM PEMBUATAN APLIKASI AUGMENTED REALITY PENGENALAN RAMBU LALU LINTAS DAN MARKA JALAN BERBASIS ANDROID

Augmented Reality technology is a technology that unites the real world and the virtual world using hardware, namely a camera. This technology does not completely replace reality but adds several virtual objects in 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional form to the real 3-dimensional environment and then displays them in real time or actual time. The Markerless Augmented Reality (MAR) method is one method that is currently being developed. This method means that users no longer have to use markers to display digital elements.Through this media, this research aims to minimize violations of traffic signs and increase understanding of traffic signs. For the public, one of the efforts made is through the introduction or socialization of traffic signs and rules in the form of educational applications. So an application was created that introduced types of traffic signs and road markings. Augmented reality technology, which combines virtual objects into the real world, is considered more interesting as a learning medium. Plus, with 3D animation, the information presented feels more alive so it can provide a clear understanding, for example the location of signs. -the sign is in 3D Object.

Characterization of Overtopping Volumes from Focused Wave Groups over Smooth Dikes with an Emerged Toe: Insights from Physical Model Tests

This research examines the overtopping volumes associated with focused wave groups on smooth dikes with an emerged toe. Focused wave groups are employed to represent the highest waves of random sea states in a compact form, obviating the need to model the entire irregular wave train. This study investigates how overtopping volumes are affected by focus location and phase. A total of 418 experimental tests were gathered and analyzed. Data with overtopping volumes below 600 L per meter (prototype conditions) were excluded in order to focus on extreme overtopping events, resulting in 324 relevant test cases. The experiments used first-order wave generation theory to analyze structural response. Subsequent studies will address the errors induced by this approximation and compare it with second-order wave generation. The experiments simulated extreme wave impacts on an idealized coastal layout, comprising a 1:6.3 foreshore slope and three different dike slopes, including vertical structures, with the initial still water level set below the dike toe. This study employed the NewWave theory to generate focused wave groups, with the objective of extending recent research on wave overtopping under varied conditions. The results, analyzed in both dimensional and non-dimensional forms, indicate that overtopping volumes are significantly influenced by the focus phase. Critical focus locations were identified at a distance of one-third of the deep-water wavelength from the toe.

Magnetic dissipation on radiative free convection of a conducting hybrid nanofluid within a rotating cone and circular disc

A significant attention is gained on the thermophysical properties corresponding to hybrid nanofluid flow within a rotating cone and circular disc in this present investigation due to its several applications. The enhanced thermal conductivity of the nanofluid is particularly useful in cooling systems, reducing energy consumption in systems, preventing overheating, and improving the overall performance of electronic gadgets, etc. In the present investigation, the free convective flow of conducting fluid for the interaction of magnetic field and thermal radiation encases their greater impact on the flow phenomena. Further, the assumption of dissipative heat i.e. mutual effects of viscous and Joule, energies the flow properties. The complex nonlinear form of the constitutive equations presented in the dimensional form is renovated into the nonlinear ordinary system with a non-dimensional form by introducing suitable similarity rules. The computation of the profiles is obtained numerically with the help of the built-in function bvp4c in MATLAB and depicted graphically. Finally, it is observed that the volume fraction of both the nanoparticles favors enhancing the heat transport phenomena due to the augmented thermal conductivity whereas a dual characteristic is revealed at both the surfaces of the circular disc and the cone.

Development of ‘Creative Thinking: Case Study of Basic Design Studio

Architecture is a creative ‘Art of understanding’ as it reconciles the various aspects of place and culture, aesthetics and techniques and different materials. Architecture manages the beauty and aesthetics on one hand and the utilitarian aspects on the other. This balance requires a lot of creative exploration. Basic design studio is a cradle in imbibing this creative perspective in the new learner in architecture education. This studio plays a formative role in molding the students’ perception of architecture. The students not only get hands on experience but inculcates the trait of ‘Creative Thinking’. Basic design subject gets the students acquainted with not just architectural vocabulary but the ‘Principles of design’ which forms the basis of any design conception. The articulation of the elements of design like lines, planes, solids in two- dimensional and three-dimensional forms along with the use of different mediums, materials, and techniques through the principles of design aids them in the process of thinking creatively. The paper aims to understand and analyze the extent of assimilation of ‘Creative thinking’ in Basic Design studio (Subject code-102- Allied design studio) for 1st year, semester- 2, B. Arch. students at Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Architecture, Mumbai University for AY 2021- 22. The methodology adopted for the paper is based on qualitative data elucidating the learnings in the studio based on the development of the ‘Creative thinking’ attribute.

Higgs to bb¯ from vector boson fusion for high-scale physics

Vector boson fusion is arguably the most direct collider probe of electroweak symmetry breaking. Typically, the signature includes two forward/backward jets with low transverse momenta with a scale that is set by the mass of the vector boson. For this reason, an upper cut is used when searching for vector boson fusion processes in the Standard Model. Alternatively, the upper cut on the forward jets can be removed and the high-momentum exchange region of vector boson fusion can be studied. This phase space region has sensitivity to new physics via higher dimensional operators and form factors. In this work, we study the high-momentum region of the vector boson fusion channel where the Higgs decays to bb¯. We show that, depending on the form of new physics, the limits on the new physics scale range from 0.5 to 1.8 TeV. Published by the American Physical Society 2024