2nd Quadrant Research Articles

Využití 3D tisku při autotransplantaci moláru – kazuistika

The aim of this study is to show the experience with autotransplanted 3D model development and its use during surgery. The development of a 3D model has undergone three phases: building the virtual model, 3D printing and finally sterilisation. A 37-year-old female patient was recommended to our department for treatment of the 2nd quadrant. After planning the extraction of 26, 27 and consequently autotransplantation of tooth 28 was decided. According to CBCT data, two 3D models of the autotransplanted tooth were built and plasma sterilisation was done. After extraction of 26 and 27, a tooth cavity was prepared for the 3D model phantom and the autotransplantation was finished; extra alveolar time of tooth 28 was only 21 seconds. Healing period had no adverse problems and the patient was very satisfied with the result. Autotransplantation is one of the possible choices when treating malformation or tooth loss. The use of a 3D phantom during surgery leads to shortening of surgery time, thus lowering the risk of periodontal tissue damage by repeated testing of the right size of the tooth position and size.

Analysis of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1a and Intercellular Adhesive Molecule-1 on Clinical Findings in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Patients

The aim of the study is to examine the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a) and intercellular adhesive molecule (ICAM-1) in clinical findings found in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). The clinical findings are; the duration of retinal detachment, retinal quadrants involvement, and the severity of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). A cross sectional study was conducted, with 34 consecutive vitreous sample were obtained from dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital (RSCM), from October 2015 to October 2016. The samples were taken from RRD patient who received vitrectomy in the hospital. There were no significant difference between the ICAM-1 and HIF-1a levels to the clinical findings that is measured; duration of retinal detachment (p>0.05), extent of retinal detachment area (p>0.05) and severity of PVR (p>0.05). However, there is a significant mean difference of ICAM-1 level on the duration of retinal detachment, where < 1 week group has higher mean 49.71, (SD 49.54) than the other group, as well as in the retinal quadrants groups (2nd quadrant 19.42 (SD 2.49) and also in severity of PVR groups (PVR B 35.42, SD 30.13). The results from HIF-1a level on each sub group were insignificant. The level of ICAM-1 and HIF-1a cannot be used as predictor of the clinical findings found in the patients. ICAM-1 levels tend to be high on patients whose diagnosed with retinal detachment early, with smaller area of detachment (2nd quadrant) and lower PVR levels (PVR B). The level of HIF-1a shows a consistent pattern with minimal difference in between the sub groups.

Analysis of Leading Sectors as Supporting the Economy with the Location Quotient, Shift Share, and Klassen Typology Methods in Sukabumi, West Java

Regional economic development aims to facilitate employment opportunities or job opportunities in large numbers for the local area. In an effort to realize this goal, to obtain regional development initiatives, collaboration between the regional government and the local community must be carried out. Therefore, the participation of local governments and residents who are willing to interpret the capacity of the resources needed to develop and design the regional economy. This study aims to examine the economic sectors in Sukabumi Regency that are unique, have potential, and can be improved to promote economic growth. For Sukabumi Regency and West Java Province over a five-year period, this study uses secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics. between the years 2016 - 2020. The leading sector analysis techniques used through 3 stages are Location Quotient, Shift Share, Typology Klassen. The results of this study indicate that from the results of the analysis of leading sectors to support the economy in Sukabumi Regency, there are 10 basic sectors. besides that there are 8 sectors in quadrant 1, 2 sectors in 2nd quadrant, 4 sectors in 3rd quadrant, 3 sectors in 4th quadrant.

Evaluation of root repair using an environmental scanning electron microscope after intentional contact with microscrew

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of root repair that took place at varying intervals of 1 day, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after intentional contact with microscrews. The results were evaluated by an environmental scanning electron microscope study (E-SEM). Material and Methods: Ten orthodontic patients with 2 maxillary and 2 mandibular first premolars (40 premolars) to be extracted as part of the orthodontic treatment were included in this study (age 18–25 years). The position of the roots of the 4 premolars to be extracted was clinically determined and under local anesthesia, microscrew implants were placed in such a way that they directly hit the root from the buccal aspect. Implants were removed immediately after the above-mentioned procedure was performed. On the same day, premolar of the 1st quadrant (Group I) was extracted. Premolar of the 2nd quadrant (Group II) was extracted 2 weeks later. Premolar of the 3rd quadrant (Group III) was extracted 4 weeks later and premolar of the 4th quadrant (Group IV) was extracted 8 weeks later, from the day of intentional damage. Results: Significant changes were observed in the deposition of cementum over 8 weeks which were analyzed using ESEM under magnifications of × 50, × 200, × 500, and × 5000. Conclusion: The damaged root surfaces due to intentional contact with microscrews showed swift repair and healing within 8 weeks. In case, the root is damaged due to improper placement technique or wrong biomechanics which may result in the implant touching the root surface, a minimum healing period of 8–10 weeks is advocated before commencing further tooth movement.

Strategy for SME Business Development at the SME Catering Academy Center in Bandung

This study aims to formulate a SME business development strategy at the SME Catering Academy Center in Bandung City. The research was conducted with a descriptive-qualitative approach. Analysis techniques using internal-external situation analysis, merging using the IE matrix, and formulating strategies using SWOT A series of situational analyses of the business environment and incorporation using the IE matrix led to the understanding that Bandung City's SME Catering Academy is in the 2nd quadrant of the IE matrix, with recommendations for a general hold and maintenance strategy. While the SWOT analysis yielded several more specific strategic recommendations, namely improving corporate image in the eyes of consumers, strengthening digital capabilities, strengthening existing networks and adding new networks with various parties, increasing working capital for operational financing, expanding distribution, improving the quality of company human resources and employee development, expanding existing markets, carrying out production planning, and improving cost efficiency.
 

Strategi Pengembangan Industri Kecil Menengah (IKM) Yang Berdaya Saing Pada Saat Covid-19 di Kota Pekanbaru

The objective of this study is to analyze the main issues that inhibit the development of IKM competitiveness in Pekanbaru City at the time of COVID-19 by identifying the development status of IKM in Pekanbaru City today and the persemade strategy in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic and the development of IKM competitiveness in Pekanbaru city at the time of covid. According to the data provided by Pekanbaru City Industrial and Trade Bank, the population in this study are all IKMs operating in Pekanbaru City. The IKM that becomes the subject of this study is the IKM of manufacturing or IKM which manufactures products that are able to be competitive in the broad market and become a substitute for consumers in Pekanbaru City. The data analysis used in the IKM study is a descriptive analysis using the SWOT analysis method.The results showed the development of the IKM competitiveness in Pekanbaru city at the time of COVID-19 that was in the 2nd quadrant position. For that, the IKM development model is consistent with the forward, backward and horizontal integration strategy, that is, by strengthening business relationships with upstream and downstream industries, and increasing control over competitors through cooperation and company acquisitions. As for the market penetration strategy or by determining the market's ability to absorb the resulting product. Also, the product development strategy is to develop products with offer value (value proposition) combined with services to enhance the uniqueness of the product, which can help IKM improve marketing performance and market expansion. And keep the market satisfied by opening up new market shares resulting from market development strategies.

An Assessment Study of Some Asian Countries on the Basis of Physical Quality of Life Indicators

The physical quality-of-life index (PQLI) is an attempt to measure the quality of life or well-being of a country. The value is a single number derived from basic literacy rate, infant mortality, and life expectancy at age one. Quality of life is an umbrella concept that refers to all aspects of a person's life, including physical health; psychological well-being; social well-being; financial well-being; some approaches to quality of life emphasizes the social and psychological aspects of life, and contrast quality of life with quality of care. The growing attention to quality of life and the desire to minimize the negative effects of disease and health care on this quality reflects the highest of public health aspirations. Adult literacy has also risen from 46-70%. Developing world today is healthier, better fed and batter educated. But program has been far from even. The no. of people living in poverty continues to grow. There is almost no improvement IMR &. in education. In poor countries South Asia's IMR today are about the lame in early 1970. So I think there exist some relation between socioeconomic conditions &. health status. In a country, WHO has. listed these two indicators 1. Health Indicators and 2. Physical Quality of Life Indicator. Among those here I want to consider only the following as social indicators:Y: 1. IMR 2. Adult illiteracy & X: 1. Public exp. on education. % GNP 2. Public expo on health % GDP. I have taken a linear combination of expenditure on education % GNP (Y1) & expenditure on health % GDP (Y2) as U to represent a economic ( welfare ) condition of a country against this I have taken a linear combination of IMR per 1000 ( X1) and adult illiteracy % rate ( X2) as V to represent PQL of a country. After using Canonical correlation I have reached a conclusion that the increase of expenditure on health and education purpose implies decrease of IMR & illiteracy. In 1st Quadrant contains only Saudi Arabia whose expenditure on health and education is high but illiteracy rate also high (exceptional one). And 2nd Quadrant contains those countries whose expenditure on health and education is high illiteracy rate and IMR is low. The 4th Quadrant contains those countries whose expenditure is lower and illiteracy rate is higher comparatively. Here Iraq Pakisthan , Bangaledesh and Nepal lie. There is no country in 3rd quadrant whose expenditure is less and illiteracy is also low. After concrete analysis and from the graph we can rank the 14 Asian Countries according to their better Physical Quality of Life as follows:1. Japan 2. Korea Republic 3. Mongolia 4. Malayasia 5. Srilanka 6. Viatnam 7. China 8. Iran 9. India 10. Iraq 11. Pakisthan 12. Bangaladesh 13. Nepal 14. Saudi Arabia

Revealing the mystery of the cases where Nd\u2013Fe\u2013B magnetic like poles attract each other

This investigation reveals the mystery of the cases where magnetic like poles attract each other, and unlike poles repel one another. It is identified that for two unequally sized like poles, the pole with a higher Pc (permeance coefficient) causes a localized demagnetization (LD) to the pole with a lower Pc. If the LD is large enough, the polarity of a localized area can be reversed, resulting in an attraction between these two like poles in the LD area in a small gap. Two unusual behaviors are observed: (1) an inflection point IP appears on the force vs gap curves of all the unequally sized like poles since they have different Pc. Normally, the like poles’ repelling force increases when the gap decreases, but this IP results in nonmonotonic curves, even an attractive force in a small gap; (2) for some NdFeB magnets with a low coercivity and nonlinear B–H curve in the 2nd quadrant, a repulsion can occur for these unequal sized unlike poles, after previously pairing with their like poles that left an unrecoverable LD and reversed polarity area. The relationship of the LD, the Pc ratio, and the B–H curve are also explored in this paper.

Clinical study on the accuracy of occlusal contacts on digital model

Objective: To explore the accuracy of occlusal contacts on digital model made by intraoral scanner. Methods: Twenty healthy subjects [6 males, 14 females, (24.4±1.4) years old] with intact dentition were randomly recruited from postgraduate students in Capital Medical University School of Stomatology who volunteered to participate in this study. For each participant, the 2nd and 3rd quadrant of natural dentition was scanned. A diagnostic test design was performed. The occlusal contacts of the maximal intercuspal position (MIP) were extracted with the transillumination of silicone interocclusal records, and the extraction threshold was set as ≤50 μm. Intraoral scanning system was used to scan in MIP and generate occlusal contacts on digital model. Five groups were designed as test groups according to included tooth position: group 1 (buccal scanning ranged from tooth 21 to 23), group 2 (buccal scanning ranged from tooth 23 to 26), group 3 (buccal scanning ranged from tooth 24 to 26), group 4 (buccal scanning ranged from tooth 25 to 26), group 5 (buccal scanning ranged from tooth 21 to 26). Five groups occlusal contacts on digital model were generated respectively. According to the relevant literature, the upper occlusal surface was divided into 28 partitions, and the accuracy of occlusal contacts on digital model was calculated with the transillumination of silicone interocclusal records as the reference standard. Subgroup analysis was performed according to anterior teeth area, premolars area and molars area. Results: The accuracy of occlusal contacts on digital models of the half dentition in five buccal scanning positions were: group 1 (86.8%), group 2 (92.0%), group 3 (90.7%), group 4 (91.1%), group 5 (90.4%), and the accuracy of occlusal contacts in group 1 was significantly lower than those in the other four groups (P<0.05). The accuracy of anterior teeth area were 85.6%-93.9%; the accuracy of premolar area were 92.5%-94.4%; the accuracy of molar area were 77.3%-93.6%, group 1 was significantly lower than those in the group 4 in molars area (P<0.05), the accuracy of anterior area was statistically less than premolars area and molars area in group 1 (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in pairwise comparison between the three sections (P>0.05). Conclusions: The digital models scanned intraoral methods provide accurate, quantitative measures of occlusal contacts when transillumination contacts are the reference standard.

Double Spinned Lobster (Panulirus penicillatus) fishery in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province: sustainable management strategies

The purpose of this research was to analyze the issues and problems in lobster fisheries for establishing strategies to achieve sustainable lobster management. This study was conducted from November 2018 to January 2019 in coastal waters of Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province. Data collection were made using the triangulation method. In addition, data analyses were performed using AWOT (Analythical Hierarchy Procedure and Strenght-Weakness-Opportunity-Threats) which was the combination of SWOT and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) techniques. The results showed that the problems of lobster management in Wonogiri Regency was the unreported catch and the unwillingness to release small-size- and berried-female lobsters. The best strategy for lobster management in Wonogiri Regency was shown in the 2nd quadrant (strategi Strength-Threats). Thus, the priority strategies would be the development of friendly lobster fishing gear with score a value 35.4% and the second priority is strengthening the role of collectors in controlling catches with a value of 30.5%.

Prevalence of Oral Microbial Flora during Orthodontic Space Closure: A Pilot Study

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances especially during the retraction stage makes it challenging to maintain the oral hygiene. Attachments used, such as elastic chains, loops and springs, result in changes in the oral environment due to the accumulation of plaque and increase in the levels of bacterial count mainly Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli species. Aim: To determine the prevalence of oral microbial flora during orthodontic space closure. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional pilot study conducted during the month of December 2019 which consisted of eight patients who were randomly selected among the age group of 18-25 years. Mean and SD of age in Males (4) and Females (4) were 22±2.16 years and 22.25±1.70 years, respectively and had reported to the Department of Orthodontics of a private dental college, Saveetha Dental College. In each patient, after 6-8 months of orthodontic treatment, plaque samples were collected only once around the orthodontic brackets at the cervical aspect of the maxillary lateral incisor, maxillary premolar, mandibular canine, mandibular premolar in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quadrant respectively, by the method of cotton swabbing for the evaluation of micro flora. Independent paired t-test and One-way ANOVA with Post-hoc Tukey HSD test were done to estimate the prevalence of microorganisms at different sites. Results: Independent paired t-test showed highly significant differences in the levels of Streptococcus mutans when compared to Lactobacillus (p&lt;0.001) with mean values of 4.8±2.5 and 23.1±9.2 for Streptococcus and Lactobacillus, respectively. One-way ANOVA with Post-hoc Turkey HSD analysis showed significant difference at the region of maxillary lateral incisor compared to other sites whereas Lactobacillishowed no significant differences between the various sites tested (p-value&lt;0.001). Kappa statistics was performed which revealed an inter examiner reliability of 0.91. Conclusion: During orthodontic space closure, bacterial count of Streptococcus mutans showed a statistically significant difference between different sites (maxillary lateral incisor, mandibular canines, maxillary and mandibular premolars) with highest being the maxillary incisor region followed by that of mandibular canines. However, the incidence of Lactobacillusacidophilus did not show any difference between the various sites evaluated.

Voronoi Partitions on Polygons

네 점 A(0,c), B(－c,0), C(0,－c), D(c,0)을 꼭짓점으로 하는 정사각형 □ABCD에 대하여 네 점 P₁(0,a), P₂(－b,0), P₃(0,－b), P₄(b,0)을 생성점으로 하는 보로노이 다이어그램에서 점 P₁이 y축을 따라 움직일 때, □ABCD의 보로노이 분할에서 점 P₁을 포함하는 영역의 모양과 넓이를 구하였다. 그리고 정n각형의 꼭짓점과 중심을 생성점으로 하는 보로노이 다이어그램에서 보로노이 다각형도 정n각형이 되고 넓이가 1/a² S, (S 는 주어진 정n각형의 넓이, a=2cos π/n)이 됨을 증명하였다. 보로노이 다이어그램을 이용하는 보로노이 게임을 개발하였다. 정사각형 영역 S 의 내부의 네 점 P, Q, －P, －Q를 생성점으로 하는 S 의 보로노이 분할에서 P, Q를 포함하는 영역 S(P), S(Q)의 넓이가 넓은 참가자에게 승점을 부여하고, 5회의 성적을 합하여 게임의 승자를 결정하였다. 이 게임에서 두 번째 경기자 Q는 첫 번째 경기자 P의 선택을 모방하면 동점이 되도록 할 수 있다. 따라서 게임을 5회까지 진행하는 동안 두 번째 참가자 Q의 전략은 4회까지 무승부로 진행하고 마지막 회인 5회에서 첫 번째 경기자 P의 선택에 따라 승리하거나 무승부가 되도록 선택하는 것이다. 따라서 이러한 경우 첫 번째 경기자 P는 우승할 수 없으며 무승부가 최선의 결과이다. 실제로 4회에서 P=(－n,n), Q=(n,n)이고 두 사람이 동점이면, Q는 승리할 수 없으며 게임은 무승부가 됨을 증명하였다. 이 연구를 진행하면서 동적 기하소프트웨어인 GeoGebra를 사용하여 보로노이 다이어그램을 그리고 보로노이 분할의 넓이를 계산하였다. 그리고 GeoGebra를 사용하는 “보로노이 게임판”을 제작하여 사용하였으며 게임의 승패를 판단하고 승리전략을 구하는데 도움이 되었다.We investigate the Voronoi diagram with generating points P₁(0,ａ), P₂(－b,0), P₃(0,－b), P₄(b,0) and the Voronoi partition of the square □ABCD with vertices 네 점 A(0,c), B(－c,0), C(0,－c), D(c,0) where c>b>0, ａ is a real umber. We focus the region R₁ in the Voronoi partition containing the point P₁. The region R₁ varies according to the constants ａ, b, c, and we find the shape and evaluate the area of R₁. And we study the Voronoi diagram whose generating points are the vertices and the center of a regular n-polygon then we prove that the Voronoi olygon of the regular polygon is also a regular polygon with area 1/a² S, where S is the area of the polygon and a=2cos π/n. We develop Voronoi game which use the Voronoi diagram on a square S. Two players P,Q play this game by moving the points P,Q along the lattice points inside S, where P is a point of the 2nd quadrant inside S and Q is a point of the 1st quadrant inside S . In each round, the winner is determined by the area of the region S(P), S(Q) of the Voronoi partition determined by the generating point P, Q, －P, －Q, and after 5 rounds the winner of the game will be determined. But the first player P can not be a winner of this game, so the best plan of P is to end the game in a tie. We prove that if this game is in a tie after round 4 and P=(－n,n), Q=(n,n) in round 4, then this game will end in a tie. In this paper, we use the software “GeoGebra” to draw the Voronoi diagrams and evaluate the area of the Voronoi partitions.

ANALISIS KESENJANGAN DAERAH DAN KONVERGENSI PDRB PERKAPITA KABUPATEN/KOTA JAWA TIMUR SEBELUM DAN SETELAH DESENTRALlSASI

The purposes of this study are; to analyze regional disparities and the convergence before and after decentralization, determine the amount of speed of convergence that happen, and to discover the description of per capita income growth changing through Klassen typology. This research is conducted by using quantitative data with: Indeks Williamson Analysis; a simple OLS regression analysis (Ordinary Least Square); and Topologi Klassen Analysis. Conclusions of this study are; (1) there are a convergence occure within speed convergence is 0,34 before the decentralization and convergence with a speed of convergence as 0,42 happened after the decentralization, (2) by dividing into 4 quadrant in klassen typology measurement, the majority is in 4th quadrant where the District and City are remain left behind, and the movement of quadrant into 2nd quadrant is happened after the decentralization that means they belong to fast-growing region.

중요도-수행도 분석을 활용한 입원 환자 재활간호서비스에 대한 환자와 간호사의 인식 비교

=.751) of rehabilitation nursing services. The IPA matrix showed a difference between patients and nurses in terms of their perceived priority of nursing services. Regarding the perception of patients, “helping a patient to continue to practice bedside physiotherapy and occupational ther-apy”, “providing information on the proper care agency and community resources ”, and “providing education for the prevention of complications ” fell in the “concetrate here ” area (2nd quadrant).

복합상업시설의 환경특성 요인 평가에 관한 연구

This study aims to evaluate the attributes of environmental characteristics which provide the visitors with pleasant sensory stimulations so that select optional store in many urban entertainment center. The survey research was carried out to examine the visitors' perceived satisfaction and importance about the environmental characteristics. The respondents were male and females with ages ranging from the 10's to the 60's, visited 4 UECs in Seoul. The respondents were divided into three groups - neighborhood shopper, regional shopper, long-distance shopper - according to the distance from residence area to UEC. The result are as follows : (1) store selection variables for urban entertainment center were reclassified as 9 non-physical environment factors and 15 physical environment factors. (2) The store selection factors were divided into four realms by IPA analysis: the major design realm(1st quadrant), the intensive design realm(2nd quadrant), the tactical design realm(3rd quadrant), and sufficient design realm(4th quadrant). (3) Directly affective factors to the visitors' importance-satisfaction such as product quality, density, ease of approach to destination, ease of wayfinding, parking space, proximity, lounge space were settled on the major and intensive design realms. (4) Physical environment factors such as green space, amenity, ease of horizontal circulation use, ease of vertical circulation use were also settled on the tactical design realms.

A Study on Chinese Travelers’ Behavior on Selection Attributes of Korean Medical Tourism

Background/Objectives: This study aims to investigate medical tourism using IPA (Importance-Performance Analysis) to attract Chinese medical tourists to Korea. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Paired t-test was conducted to figure out differences between importance and performance on medical tourism selection attributes. And based on the results from paired t-test, IPA has been conducted to deduce practical implications on K-medical tourism market targeting Chinese tourists. In addition, to figure out influential relationship between the attributes and travelers’ behavior, multi-regression analysis has been used. Findings: 3 of the attributes are located in 1st quadrant in IPA matrix, including attractiveness of the country as a tourist destination, security and safety of travel to country, good condition of shopping and tour. And in 2nd quadrant (Concentrate here), 5 attributes are located in, including doctor’s expertise, friendliness and communication of staff and doctors, many cultural and natural attractions,convenient location, and accreditation of the medical facility. And 4 attributes are found in 3rd quadrant (Possible overkill), including follow-up after treatment, state-of-the art medical equipment,stability of medical care skills, and low cost of treatment. Lastly, 2 attributes including low cost of accommodation and many attractions of the local area of tourism destination are shown in 4th quadrant, referring ‘Low Priority’. And in multi-regression analysis, four components out of five attributes (follow-up after treatment, stability of medical care skills, low cost of treatment, and convenient location), except state-of-the art medical equipment, have shown positive effects on Chinese travelers’ behavior. Improvements/Applications: The results could categorize Chinese Travelers’ selection attributes into Familiarity, Convenience, Reliability, and Internationality. And attributes that significantly correlate with Chinese travelers’ behavior are four attributes including follow-up after treatment, stability of medicalcare skills, low cost of treatment, and convenient location.

Salvaging the Mutilated Internally Resorbed and Perforated Maxillary Incisor-One Year Six Months Follow-Up.

A 28-year-old male patient reported with the chief complaint of hollowing and discoloration of upper front teeth. The teeth were traumatized 10-12 years back [Table/Fig-1a]. Patient had undergone root canal treatment of 21 seven years back. Root canal of 12 was accessed elsewhere two days before the patient reported to the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics at Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Jabalpur, India. [Table/Fig-1a,b]: (a) Pre-operative picture showing hollowed and discoloured 11 and discoloured 21 and pre-operative IOPA radiograph revealed Internal resorption in 11, iatrogenic lateral perforation in 12, incomplete obturation in 21. On intraoral examination, there was a draining sinus, in relation to carious 11. Periodontal examination revealed a clinical probing depth of 5 mm in relation to 11, measured with Naber’s probe. Intraoral periapical radiograph revealed internal resorption in 11, iatrogenic lateral perforation with 12, incomplete obturation of 21[Table/Fig-1a]. Endodontic treatment of 11, 12 and re-treatment of 21 followed by flap debridement along with placement of MTA and PRF at the perforation site was planned. First phase included Tooth 11: After complete removal of infected dentin and irrigation with sodium hypochlorite. Working length was radiographically determined. Intracanal calcium hydroxide paste was placed and access cavity was sealed with Cavit temporary filling material. On recall examination next week, the sinus opening disappeared. The calcium hydroxide was flushed out and canal was irrigated with normal saline. After drying the canal with paper points, sectional obturation was performed using 60 (2%) master cone by vertical compaction with appropriate sized hand plugger, using AH-Plus sealer. After sectional obturation a fiber post was cemented with a core buildup material [Table/Fig-1b]. Tooth 12: Pulp was extirpated after modification of access cavity. The canal was cleaned and shaped. Tooth was obturated with gutta percha using lateral compaction method [Table/Fig-1b]. Tooth 21: Complete removal of gutta purcha was done using rotary re-treatment files and H file. After cleaning and shaping, ortho grade obturation was done with 70 (2%) master cone with lateral compaction [Table/Fig-1b]. Patient was recalled for 2nd phase of treatment. Full thickness mucoperiosteal flap was reflected extending from middle of the canine region of 1st quadrant to distal of lateral incisor of 2nd quadrant. The perforation site was exposed [Table/Fig-2a, 2b]. [Table/Fig-2a,f]: (a),(b) Mucoperiosteal flap raised and perforation site exposed. All the granulation tissue was curetted. The surgical field was cleaned, dried and MTA was placed at the site of perforation [Table/Fig-2c]. Intravenous blood was collected and PRF was prepared in a centrifugation machine [Table/Fig-2d]. After which PRF was placed on the surgical field [Table/Fig-2e]. The mucoperiosteal flap was repositioned and simple interrupted sutures were given using absorbable vicryl suture. Post-operative care was explained to the patient, with instructions to report back after a week for checkup [Table/Fig-2f]. After one month, fixed crowns were placed. Follow-up recall demonstrated satisfactory healing [Table/Fig-3b-3e,3g,3h]. Periodontal examination revealed reduction in clinical probing depth of 5 mm to 3 mm in relation to 11, measured with Naber’s probe. [Table/Fig-3a,f]: Preoperative IOPA radiograph and picture, recall IOPA radiograph and picture b) one month, c) six months, d), g)one year demonstrating 3mm probing depth, e), h)one year six months.

Quantification of Fuzzy Borders and Fuzzy Asymmetry of Malignant Melanomas

In this paper we have proposed scan line method and fuzzy relational method, for quantifying the border asymmetricity for melanoma skin lesions. The procedure for quantifying asymmetricity through scan line method consists of various steps which are image preprocessing, boundary detection, evaluation of the skull region of the boundary, conversion of boundary into several straight lines, formation of polygon tables and edge tables, evaluation of centroid, principle axis and image transformations, embed 2nd, 3rd and 4th quadrant images into the first quadrant. The fuzzy relational approach follows the same procedure except the last phase for finding the asymmetricity. Sample of 60 skin lesion images are considered for analysis and its performances are tested, the proposed approaches seem to perform better than other methods reported in the recent literature.

Opto-electrical energy conversion by thin electrolytic CdSe films on Ni substrates

Thin-films (300 nm) of zinc-blende (cubic structure) CdSe (111) electrolytically deposited on nickel substrates had their surface characteristics investigated by XRD, SEM, and profilometry scans. A metal-CdSe-metal structure was formed by positioning a Au electrode on top of CdSe and the I–V characteristics of the resulting device were investigated in the dark and under low intensities (≤0.2 mW cm−2) of diffused solar radiation. The experimental results show that the illuminated structure is an active device that produces electric power in the 2nd quadrant of the I–V curve. This response may be related to the Ni-to-CdSe interface, where carriers are effectively generated as a result of deep energy level formations, spatially confined in the interfacial region of the depletion layer width of the Ni-CdSe junction. A potential energy diagram is proposed to present the spatially and energetically confined deep-level parameters, the operation principles (carrier generation and transport processes) across the structure and link them to the obtained I–V response. A mathematical modeling based on the Schokley-Read-Hall recombination theory confirms the experimentally obtained current profiles of illuminated junctions. Such opto-electrical tranducers might be implemented in multilayer photovoltaic hetero-structures to enhance their conversion efficiencies and reduce their operating temperatures.

Lip print pattern: an identification tool

Background: Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation technique that deals with the identification based on lip traces. Based upon the research, it was established that the arrangement of lines on the red part of human lips is unique for each human being. Objectives: To analyze and compare quadrant wise and sex wise predilection of lip print pattern. Methods: A total of 200 (18-25 years) Nepalese undergraduate students of BPKIHS were selected. Thin layer of lip-stick was applied on the lips of these sub-jects. The hinged por-tion of a folded paper was inserted between the lips and the sub-jects were asked to press their lips onto it. Only middle 10 mm of both upper and lower lips were taken as study area. The lip prints, thus obtained were stud-ied on the basis of Tsuchihashi’s classification. Chi square test was used to analyze and compare the lip print patterns in all the quadrants of males and females, with the level of significance p&lt;0.05. Results: Type I pattern was predominant in all the four quadrants among males (62%, 56%, 54%, 57% in first, second, third and fourth quadrants respectively). In female also type I was predominant in 2nd, 3rd and 4th quadrant (40%, 45%, 51% respectively) whereas in 1st( right upper) quadrant type II pattern was predominant (37%). Conclusion: Lip print pattern can be used as an additional tool for personal identification and sex determination. Further work on the subject can help to make cheiloscopy a practical reality in the forensic identification process. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i3.9637 Health Renaissance 2013;11(3):229-233