2nd Experimental Group Research Articles

The influence of boars of producers of various breeding on the economic indicators of the use of sows

Relevance. Interbreeding or hybridization is an important factor in increasing pig productivity. As a result of the heterosis effect, the multiplicity of sows increases, the safety of offspring increases, the growth rate of young animals improves, the quality of meat improves and, as a result, the profitability of the pig industry increases.Methods. The paper evaluates the influence of boar producers from the companies PIC, Genesus Genetics and Hypor on the reproductive qualities of sows of a large white breed from the company Hypor. To implement the experiment, according to the principle of pairs of analogues, 3 groups of sows of a large white breed from the company Hypor were formed, 5 heads each. The sows of group 1 were inseminated with the seed of Landrace boars from PIC, group 2 with the seed of Landrace boars from Genesus Genetics, group 3 with the seed of Landrace boars from Hypor.Results. In scientific and economic experience, it was found that the multiplicity of sows of the 3rd group amounted to 13.0 heads, which is 7.7% less than in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups. The number of piglets at the time of weaning in groups 1 and 2 per sow was 12, which is 5.3% more than in group 3. For 1 kg of live weight gain, 9.38 EQ was spent on farrowing in the 3rd group, which is 8.1% more than in the 1st and 8.4% more than in the 2nd experimental group. Based on 1000 rubles of feed consumed, in addition, compared with the 3rd group (5.44 rubles), more live weight gain was obtained in the 1st experimental (by 0.44 rubles) and in the 2nd experimental (by 0.47 rubles) groups.

Influence of phytobiotics dose on feed conversion in broiler chickens

The inclusion of Chaga decoction in the compound feed for broiler chickens in the amount of 20 mg, 40 and 60 mg/kg of live weight of the broilers during the entire period of its rearing had a different influence on the digestibility and use of nutrients in the diet. The results of the physiological experiment at the age of 3 weeks of broilers showed that a small dosage of the phytobiotic compared with the control group stimulated an increase in the digestibility of crude protein in the feed by 4.05 abs.%, crude fat by 1.92 abs.%, crude fiber by 1.21 abs.%. With the increase in the dosage of the phytobiotic in the broiler compound feed, the increase in the digestibility of crude fi ber by 2.01–2.12 abs.% was noted. Nitrogen digestibility in poultry with a low rate of Chaga decoction introduction exceeded the control group by 0.16 g, and other experimental groups by 0.13–0.14 g. As a result, the average daily nitrogen deposition in the body of broiler chickens in the group with a low rate of phytobiotic introduction was 2.53 g or 16.1 % higher than in broilers in the control group and 2.3–3.2 % higher than in other experimental groups. At the fi nal stage of broiler chicken rearing, the digestibility of crude protein in the diet of broiler chickens of the 1st experimental group with a low dosage of phytobiotic was higher than in the control group by 3.17 abs.%, crude fat by 4.15 abs.%, crude fi ber by 2.60 abs.%, and nitrogen-free extractive substances by 0.17 abs.%. In broilers of other experimental groups this diff erence was less expressed. A decrease in nitrogen losses with undigested substances in the droppings of broilers of the 1st experimental group increased its deposition by 5.7 %, in other experimental groups only by 0.9–2.1 %. Analysis of the dynamics of live weight of broiler chickens during the rearing period showed that the 1st experimental group with the low dosage of Chaga decoction in the diet increased the absolute gain in live weight in comparison with the control group by 5.0 %, with the 2nd experimental group by 3.4 % and with the 3rd experimental group by 1.4 %, and feed costs accordingly by groups decreased by 4.7 %, 3.2 and 1.5 %.

Infl uence of the exercise regime on the quality indicators of sperm production in breeding boars

In the pig breeding industry, the quality of sperm obtained from breeding boars plays an important role in the issue of reproduction. The purpose of the research was to investigate the eff ect of exercise regime on the quality indicators of sperm production in breeding boars. The research was carried out at the Tyumensky Pig Complex LLC in the Tyumen Region. For the research 3 groups of boars were formed with 10 heads in each. The control group did not receive exercise, the 1st experimental group received passive exercise, the 2nd experimental group received active exercise. It was found that the rectilinear motility of sperm, which aff ects the fertilizing ability of semen was in the 1st experimental group of boars 87.0 %, which was by 2.8 abs.% higher than in other groups. Also, more sperm doses were obtained from semen with high rectilinear motility with the same volume and concentration indicators In the groups of boars without exercise and with active exercise, 5.7 % of dead sperm were found, which was by 0.8 abs.% more than in the analogs that received passive exercise (p < 0,05). In the 1st experimental group of boars with passive exercise, the lowest percentage of sperm with defects was found, which aff ects the efficiency of insemination and the quality of the off spring. It was found that passive exercise had a more favorable eff ect on the qualitative indicators of sperm of the breeding boars of the 1st experimental group compared to active exercise (2nd experimental group) and its absence (control group). The use of passive exercise regime for breeding boars had a positive eff ect not only on the quantitative indicators of semen, but also on the quality of sperm and can be recommended at the enterprise when housing breeding boars.

Use of domestic biological drugs in reproduction of cattle

purpose of the work was to analyze the use of domestic biodrugs in the reproduction of cattle. In the scientifi c and economic experiment, three groups of dry cows (control, 1st and 2nd experimental) were formed according to the principle of analog groups, taking into account the clinical and physiological condition, age and live weight. In the 2nd series of the experiment, 3 groups of newborn heifers were formed in accordance with the groups of dams. The work scientifi cally substantiates and experimentally proves the eff ectiveness of using complex immunomodulatory biodrugs consisting of two main active components (yeast cells and vitamins) Salus-PE and Bovistim-K, in the technology of cow reproduction and calf rearing. It has been established that the use of biodrugs in late pregnant cows improved the course of the calving and postpartum periods, increased milk productivity and colostrum quality, forms stable colostral immunity in newborn calves, reduced the risks of respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in young animals, contributing to better live weight gains. The tested complex immunomodulatory biodrugs activate hematopoiesis, compensatory mechanisms of the body, the population of immune cells in the blood, increased protein metabolism, the expression profi le of cellular and humoral factors of non-specifi c resistance. The use of the developed biodrugs during decornuation stimulated tissue regeneration, accelerated the process of scab formation, normalized the level of γ-globulins, activated the synthesis of α- and β-globulins, oxidation-reduction processes and metabolism, which ensured an increase in the immune status of the body of calves in the neonatal period. The economic effi ciency of using the biodrugs Salus-PE and Bovistim-K in the technology of cow reproduction in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups based on 1 ruble of additional costs was 2.63 and 4.50 rubles, and in the technology of raising calves 6.85 and 11.20 rubles, respectively.

Эффективность использования новой кормовой добавки на основе органических кислот при выращивании цыплят-бройлеров

Purpose. Studying the effectiveness of using feed additive "Aciform" when included in the diet of broiler chickens. Materials and Methods. The objects of research were broiler chickens of Cobb-500 cross and feed additive "Aciform". The experiment was carried out in the conditions of the farm of Krest'yanskiy Dvor LLC (Volgograd region). Three groups (two experimental and control) were formed, 140 animals each. The poultry in the control group received feed that did not contain the studied feed additive. Norm for adding additive was 1 kg per 1 ton of feed in the 1st experimental group and 2 kg per 1 ton of feed in the 2nd experimental group. The duration of feeding is from 14 days to 42 days of age. During the experiment, the safety of poultry, the percentage of mortality and pecking, as well as the dynamics of live weight gain and the occurrence of possible side effects when using the feed additive were monitored using standard scientific research methods (zootechnical, mathematical) and certified laboratory equipment. Results. The use of new feed additive "Aciform" in feeding broiler chickens from 14 to 42 days of age at an input rate of 1 and 2 kg per 1 ton of feed had a positive effect on the increase in live weight of chickens. The chickens of experimental groups (1 and 2) exceeded poultry of control group in terms of the average daily gain in live weight by 1.0 and 2.9% (P≤0.05) for the entire experimental period, in terms of absolute increase on the 42nd day of growing – by 1.0 and 2.1%. The incidence of pecking in poultry of experimental groups (1 and 2) was 2.9 and 1.8%, and in the control group – 2.1%. In the groups of broiler chickens that received the test additive as part of the diet (1st and 2nd experimental), there were fewer dead poultry by 2.9 and 3.4%, and the survival rate was higher by 2.9 and 3.8% than in control group. Conclusion. The inclusion of new feed additive "Aciform" in the diet of broiler chickens had a positive effect on the safety, growth rate and productive qualities of the poultry.

Influence of Exogenous Melatonin Treatment on the Ram Fertility of the North-east Bulgarian Fine-wool Sheep Breed

The potential of the epiphyseal hormone melatonin to effect on seasonally breeding species has been extensively studied, but the data remain inconclusive. Levels of reproductive parameters modulation are important to monitoring, given the breed affiliation, as example analyzed breed, which has a pronounced seasonal type of reproduction. The objective of this study was to determine whether application of exogenous melatonin has an effect on ram fertility of the North-east Bulgarian fine-wool sheep breed, as estimated by the reproductive performances of ewes, in the non-breeding season. In addition, the study quantified the effects of exogenous melatonin on ejaculate volume and concentration of sperm in rams with melatonin implants (n = 5) and per os treated rams (n = 5). The application of exogenous melatonin improves the fertility of rams of the studied breed. As a result of the current study, in the 2nd experimental group there was a positive trend on ejaculate volume and concentration of sperm throughout the experiment compared to control group. Although rams exhibited an improvement in sperm parameters, a significantly increased birth rate was found in sheep mating with male receiving melatonin both through implants (P < 0.05) and per os (P < 0.05). It was found to increase the total percentage of birth lambs in 1st (28%) and 2nd (29%) experimental groups compared to control. The results are guiding for North-east Bulgarian fine-wool sheep farmers and breeders, in terms of opportunities to improve the breeding process and obtain more lambs.

Use of non-alkaloid lupine grain of the variety Deko in compound feed for young laying hens

The purpose of the research was to study the use of alkaloid-free lupine grain of the variety Deco in compound feed for young laying hens of the cross Hisex Brown. The studies were carried out under the conditions of enterprises of the Volgograd region on poultry of the highly productive egg-laying сross Hisex Brown. The nutritional value of lupine with diff erent levels of its introduction into compound feed recipes instead of full-fat soy for young egg-laying hens was assessed. The positive eff ect of lupine use on such important animal science and physiological indicators as digestibility and assimilation of nutrients in diets, live weight of young hens, hematological indicators of experimental chickens, and economic eficiency was substantiated. Thus, the digestibility coefficient of dry matter of feed in the control group was 70.96 %, in the 1st experimental group it was 71.87 %, which was by 0.91 abs.% more than in the control group; in the 2nd experimental group it was 72.23 %, which was also higher than the control by 1.27 abs.% and in the 3rd experimental group the studied indicator was 72.07 % and was higher than the control group by 1.11 abs.%. The indicators of total and average daily live weight gain in the experimental groups were higher than in the control group. Thus, in the 1st experimental group these indicators were higher in comparison with the control by 12.5 g and 0.11 g (0.95 %). In the 2nd experimental group these indicators were higher than in the control group by 29.31 g and 0.25 g (2.23 %) and in the 3rd group by 18.38 g and 0.15 g (1.4 %), respectively. The economic efficiency in terms of cost indicators of compound feed for poultry in the control and experimental groups was within the following limits: in the 1st experimental group 857.5 rubles, in the 2nd experimental group 1286.25 rubles, and in the 3rd experimental group 1715.0 rubles.

Infl uence of biologically active additive on meat productivity of pigs

In order to improve the digestibility and assimilation of nutrients in feed by animals, biologically active additives have recently been used in practice. The purpose of the research was to study the infl uence of a biologically active additive on the meat productivity of pigs. The research was carried out at the Agrofi rma Ariant LLC in the Emanzhelinsky district one of the largest pig-breeding complexes in the Chelyabinsk region for the production of pork on an industrial basis. The data on the use of the probiotic Bifi dumbacterin in the diet of fattening pigs have been presented in the article. The probiotic feed additive was given to animals in the amount of 0.05 and 0.10 g/head/day. It was found that the absolute gain in live weight of young pigs in the control group during the experimental period was 69.60 kg, in the 1st experimental group it was 74.16 kg, which was by 4.56 kg more, and in the 2nd experimental group it was 76.56 kg, which was by 6.96 kg more. The average daily live weight gain of animals in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was higher than in the control by 6.55 and 10.00 %, respectively. The use of a biologically active additive in addition to the main diet had a positive eff ect on the formation of meat productivity of fattened young pigs in the experimental groups. The pigs of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups exceeded the control group in slaughter weight by 5.35 and 7.81 %, respectively, in hot carcass weight by 5.13 and 7.39 %, in slaughter yield by 0.5 and 0.7 abs.%. Economic effi ciency in monetary terms was higher in the experimental groups. The use of Bifidumbacterin in feeding of young pigs made it possible to reduce the prime-cost of 1 centner of live weight gain by 294.14–423.17 rubles and increase the level of profitability of pork production by 7.26–10.74 abs.%.

Establishing the Interrelations of the Laboratory Parameters in the Gut-Kidney Axis in Cats with Signs of Triple Phosphate Urolithiasis

Introduction. Efficient treatment of the feline urolithiasis much depends on the early diagnosis of the disease, however, the diagnostic algorithm of this type of pathology is extremely poor due to the various reasons, in particular, it does not take into account the interrelations in the gut-kidney axis. Analysis of the state of gastrointestinal tract functioning and the composition of the gut microbiota can improve the potential of diagnosing the urolithiasis, predict the risk, improve the prognosis and choose the correct treatment strategy. The aim of this publication is to establish the interrelations of the laboratory parameters in the gut-kidney axis in cats with struvite urolithiasis with the signs of cystolithiasis.Materials and Methods. The objects of the research were the outbred cats with the triple phosphate urolithiasis with the signs of cystolithiasis: 1st experimental group — females; 2nd experimental group — neutered males; the control group — clinically healthy animals of both sexes. The laboratory and clinical examinations of sick animals included: ultrasonography of abdominal organs; macroscopic and biochemical urine tests; microscopy of urine sediment and urine culture test without determination of antibiotic sensitivity; macroscopic, microscopic and simple chemical examinations of freshly excreted feces; bacteriological culture test of rectal flushes without determination of antibiotic sensitivity.Results. In the urine of cats of the experimental groups, under the activity of gram-negative microorganisms Escherichia coli (0.03±0.01×106 CFU (colony forming units) and 1.00±0.03×106 CFU) and gram-positive microorganisms Staphilococcus intermedius (1.05±0.07×106 CFU and 1.00±0.08×107 CFU) there were recorded within the microscope field of view: alkalization, development of hypersthenuria, proteinuria, hypercalciuria, hematuria, including microhematuria and leukocyturia, crystalluria. The results of coprological examinations in sick cats indicated the presence of stercobilin, well-digested muscle fibres, undigested and digested cellulose, extracellular and intracellular starch, as well as impurities of non-food origin (wool). The data of microbiological examinations of feces indicated the growth of Escherichia coli (1.00±0.05×105 CFU and 1.04±0.08×107 CFU). Along with the cystolytiasis, the acoustic shadowing of the gastrointestinal tract organs in the experimental animals revealed the hyperechogenicity of liver capsule and parenchyma and heterogeneity of the pattern.Discussion and Conclusion. The revealed character of the laboratory parameter changes in the experimental animals, such as the increase of protein and creatinine levels in urine and growth of Escherichia coli in feces, proved the existence of the pathogenetic relationship between the urogenital tract lesion caused by the gram-negative microorganisms and the gut microbiota in the gut-kidney axis. The results of our study of the sick animals’ urine indicated on the infection of the urogenital tract with the urease-producing microorganisms, which led to the alkalization of urine and formation of the infection struvite stones. Urolithiasis, in turn, had an impact on the gut microbiome due to the topographic proximity of the urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts: examination of feces in cats of the experimental group had confirmed the disorder of gastrointestinal tract functioning due to dysbiotic processes in the large intestine.

ВЛИЯНИЕ КОРМОВОЙ ДОБАВКИ "ЦЕЛЛОБАКТЕРИН" НА РОСТ И РАЗВИТИЕ БЫЧКОВ

One of the promising areas for the development of livestock farming is the use of supplements for the enzymatic breakdown of feed, which promotes more efficient digestion. Research to study the growth and development of Simmental breed bulls with the addition of a feed additive in the form of the enzyme preparation «Cellobacterin» to their diets was carried out in the conditions of OJSC Sterlibashevsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. In the diets of bull calves, in addition to the main feed, the enzyme preparation «Cellobacterin» was included in different quantities. Bulls of the first experimental group in the amount of 15 g/animal per day, 2nd experimental group - 20 g/animal per day and 3rd experimental group - 25 g/animal per day. The drug has a positive effect by accelerating and increasing the growth of animals. At 18 months age, the following indicators were established for the difference in live weight between the control group and the experimental ones in favor of the experimental ones: 11 kg (2.5 %) in the first experimental group, 18.7 kg (4.2 %; P 0.05) - in the second and 26.7 kg (6.0 %; P 0.01) in the third experimental group. Experimental bulls consuming the drug at a dose of 25 g/head per day in general during the experimental period had a significant superiority over their peers of both the base variant and other experimental groups in all growth indicators by 18 months of age. Metabolic disorders were not observed in the experimental animals, as evidenced by blood composition indicators.

Increasing the productivity of cows through the use of premixes based on forest and mineral resources in feeding

The influence of premixes based on forest (pine needles, pine nut shells, arabinogalactan) and mineral (bentonite clay, expanded vermiculite) raw materials on dairy productivity of cows has been studied. The experiment was conducted in the Krasnoyarsk region on three groups of Black-and-White breed cows (10 heads per group) at the age of the third calving, with a live weight of 530–550 kg. The control group was fed the basic diet, the 1st experimental group was fed a premix consisting of bentonite clay, pine coniferous flour, pine nut shells, vitamin and mineral complex and arabinogalactan in addition to the basic diet. Cows of the 2nd experimental group were fed a premix of a similar compo sition with the exception of bentonite clay, instead of which expanded vermiculite was included in the premix. The duration of the experiment was 60 days. The cows were kept tethered and walking, milking was automatic in the milk pipeline. The feeding ration corresponded to zootechnical standards. The studied premixes were fed in a mixture with concentrated feeds once a day. The research was carried out according to generally accepted methods using modern certified equipment. Feeding the cows of the studied premixes had a positive effect on milk productivity in both experimental groups, however, the greatest increase in productivity compared with the control was found in cows of the 2nd experimental group who received a premix with expanded vermiculite in the composition. Milk yield of natural fat content in this group increased by 7.60%, milk yield of basic fat content – by 14.02%, the mass fraction of fat in milk – by 0.23 percentage points, the amount of milk fat – by 14.02%, milk protein – by 9.65%. The organoleptic parameters of the milk of experimental cows under the influence of the studied premixes did not deteriorate and met the requirements of the GOST (Russian National Standard) for premium milk.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the influence of the feed product Vinassa on milk productivity and rumen indicators of cows during the period of increasing the milk yield

By-products of processing of various industries in the agro-industrial complex with an optimal level of their introduction into the ration of farm animals make it possible to increase the productivity of farm animals by optimizing ruminal digestion. The purpose of the research was to assess the eff ectiveness of the infl uence of the feed product Vinassa on milk productivity and rumen indicators of cows during the period of increasing the milk yield. In order to conduct the experiment lactating fresh cows were selected during the period of increasing the milk yield (n=45), which were divided into three groups of 15 heads in each according to the method of pair-analogs. The introduction of diff erent levels of sugar processing products and domestically produced yeast production into the ration of cows in the 1st experimental group in the amount of 500 g/head/day and in the 2nd experimental group 1000 g/head/day has been examined in the work. The introduction of the feed product Vinassa in the amount of 1000 g/head/day as part of a totally mixed ration contributed to the optimization of rumen pH. The level of volatile fatty acids increased in the rumen contents of cows of the 2nd experimental group by 2.27 mmol/l, and the concentration of ammonia decreased by 4.48 mg% compared to the control group. Improving indicators of ruminal contents contributed to the growth and development of bacteria and ciliates. Thus, in cows of the 2nd experimental group the number of dry matter of ciliates was higher by 0.7 g/100 ml of dry matter of rumen contents. It was found during the experiment that optimization of ruminal digestion leads to increased milk productivity. Thus, in cows of the 2nd experimental group during the period of increasing the milk yield, the increase in the gross milk yield of milk with 4 % fat content for the period of increasing the milk yield was found to increase by 7.1 % and the increase in the gross yield of milk fat by 7.1 % (p < 0.05).

Dynamics of variation of dairy characteristics in cows when using the feed additive “VivAktiv”

Relevance. Holstein dairy cattle are bred in the Sverdlovsk region, its improvement is carried out by selecting and selecting the best for further breeding. In order for them to display their genetic potential of productivity, it is necessary to ensure a balanced diet. The aim of the work was to assess the diversity of dairy characteristics in Holstein cows when using the “VivAktiv” feed additive.Methods. To conduct the study, 4 groups of calved heifers with 10 heads each were formed in a typical breeding plant for the region: a control group and three experimental ones based on the principle of pairs of analogues. The dairy productivity of cows was evaluated for the first lactation and for the calendar year by control milking once a month. The fat and protein content in milk was assessed in an average milk sample once a month from each cow. The coefficient of variability (variation) was calculated according to the generally accepted formula.Results. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the use of the “VivAktiv” feed additive did not significantly affect the productivity of cows. The milk yield for lactation by group was 10582.3 ± 187.35, 10640.8 ± 163.89, 10293.9 ± 176.45 and 10080.1 ± 178.13 kg, respectively, the difference was unreliable and insignificant. Considering the changes in the coefficient of variation between the groups, we can note a lower variability of the trait in cows of the 2nd experimental group. The animals of the control group came in second place. The largest variety of the trait turned out to be in the 3rd experimental group. Thus, the variability of the trait is influenced by the period (month) of lactation, to some extent the duration of lactation, as well as the use of the feed additive “VivAktiv”, which had a stabilizing effect on cow yield when used at a dose of 20 g/head/day.

Effectiveness of the use of enzyme preparation Hemicell® HT for growing young goslings

Agricultural waterfowl have certain biological characteristics: intensive metabolism and rapid growth, early maturity and signifcant reproduction potential, high body temperature, and resistance to many infectious diseases. The article presents the results of an experimental study of the effect of the exogenous enzyme preparation Hemicell® HT (1 kg contains the active ingredient β-mannase - 160x106 units) on the productive qualities of young goslings of Shadryna and Italian breeds. To achieve this goal, four experimental groups of goslings were formed: Group 1 - control, 2, 3, 4 - experimental, which were fed the enzyme preparation Hemicell® HT as part of a complete feed mixture - 150 g for the second experimental group, 250 g for the third and 310 g for the fourth experimental group per 1 tonne of fodder. It was found that the introduction of the exogenous enzyme preparation Hemicell® in the above doses into the diet of young geese signifcantly affects the growth rate of young geese and metabolic processes in their bodies. If at the end of the frst decade the most positive effect on the body was found in low and high dos- age of the enzyme preparation (birds of the 2nd and 4th groups), as a result of which, compared to the analogues of the 1st control group, the difference in the average daily gain was 3.4 and 2.8 g (p<0.001), then the average dosage of the enzyme preparation in the analogues of the 3rd experimental group provided a difference of only 1.1 g (p<0.01). However, by the end of the frst rearing period (up to 21 days), the highest average daily weight gain was observed in geese of the 3rd experimental group compared to the analogues of the control, 2nd and 4th experimental groups. Thus, while the average daily weight gain in geese of the 1st control group was 43.1 g, this fgure was 2.6 g higher in the 2nd group (p<0.01), 5.1 g in the 3rd group and 3.6 g in the 4th group (p<0.001). This pattern was maintained until the end of the experiment, with signifcant differences in goslings of the 3rd experimental group compared to the control: at the age of 31 days - by 9.7 g (p<0.01), 41 days - by 10.1 g (p<0.05), 66 days - by 9.2 g (p<0.05). In geese of the 2nd and 4th groups, the average daily weight gain was higher than in the control group, but did not have significant differences during the same age period. As a result, in general, the average daily weight gain of goslings of the 1st control group was 59.9 g, in the 2nd experimental group it was 3.1 g (p<0.01), or 5.2%, in the 3rd - 6.6 g (p<0.001), or 11%, and in the 4th group - 4.2 g (p<0.001), or 7.0%, compared to the same indicator of the control. The use of the enzyme preparation had a positive effect on the goslings' organism, which made it possible to realise the genetic potential of goslings' productivity at a higher level in all experimental groups, but the highest growth rate was observed in the 3rd experimental group of geese. Key words: geese, Shadryna breed, Italian breed, enzyme preparation, Hemicell® HT, weight gain, live weight.

Impacts of Bacillus probiotics on productive performance and egg quality criteria in laying Japanese quails

The present study aimed to determine the effects of adding Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to laying quail diets on performance, egg quality, and internal organ weights. We used 96 laying Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) at 12 weeks of age. The birds were divided into three treatment groups (32 quails per group), each divided into eight replicates (four quails per replicate). The research was carried out in three periods of 28 days each. We used three diets; the 1st group served as a control group, receiving only a basal diet. The 2nd and 3rd experimental groups received 0.1% (1×109 CFU/g) B. megaterium and B. amyloliquefaciens as an addition to the basal diet, respectively. Adding B. megaterium and B. amyloliquefaciens did not influence the performance parameters statistically. Also, adding B. megaterium and B. amyloliquefaciens significantly (p<0.05) impacted the albumen index, Haugh unit, and egg yolk compared to the control group. In contrast, the applied Bacillus species did not affect other egg quality parameter values. The addition of B. megaterium and B. amyloliquefaciens did not significantly influence body weight, heart weight, liver weight, gizzard weight, small intestine length, and caecum length among the slaughter parameters examined. Adding 0.1% (1×109 CFU/g), of B. amyloliquefaciens to the laying quail diets can be used without causing a significant difference in performance, egg quality characteristics, and visceral weights compared to the control group.

Metasmart in the rations of young sheep of Kuibyshev breed

Realization of the productivity potential of sheep is possible only under the condition of balanced feeding based on the characteristics of their nutrition and metabolism. Maximum gains in live weight and high-quality wool can only be obtained as a result of adequate feeding, balanced with all currently known nutrients including amino acids. The use of synthetic amino acids in particular methionine when feeding ruminants is diffi cult, because with a lack of energy and nitrogen in the feed, protein and amino acids are partially degraded in the forestomach. Therefore, the use of synthetic amino acids as part of the ration of ruminant animals becomes less eff ective and is unjustifi ed from an economic point of view. The purpose of the research was to study Metasmart (protected methionine) in the rations of haggerels of Kuibyshev breed. The experiment was carried out on three groups of young animals (control and two experimental) from 3 to 9 months of age per 12 heads animals in each group. Scientifi c and economic experiment was divided into two periods, the fi rst period from 3 to 7, the second period from 7 to 9 months of age. For animals of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups in the fi rst period (from 3 to 7 months of age), Metasmart was included in the feed at the rate of 1,5 and 2,0 g/head/day. In the second period (from 7 to 9 months of age) Metasmart was included in the compound feed at the rate of 2,0 and 3,0 g/head/day in the experimental groups. It was established that feeding protected methionine (Metasmart) to meat-wool young sheep helped reduce feed intake for a gain of 1 kg of live weight, which had a positive eff ect on the prime-cost of growth and meat productivity of haggerels of Kuibyshev breed. Analysis of parameters of wool productivity of haggerels showed that the inclusion of Metasmart in the compound feed in an amount of 2,0 g/head/day in the fi rst period and 3,0 g/head/day in the second period had a positive effect on the wool productivity of animals and the quality of wool.

Influence of complex enzyme drug and phytase on growth, digestibility and use of nutrients of wheat and soya compound feed and mineralization of the drumstick in broiler chickens

Plant feeds contain anti-nutritional factors. Thus, non-starchy polysaccharides are poorly digested and can serve as a barrier to enzyme access to nutrients. Phytate can form a complex with other divalent cations (Ca, Mn, Mg, Fe, Zn), amino acids. Phytate is the largest reserve of phosphorus in plants, but this compound cannot be effectively absorbed by poultry, which requires the inclusion of expensive inorganic sources of phosphorus in feed. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the possible effects of separate and combined inclusion of the complex enzyme drug Sunzyme (matrix as an ingredient) and the phytase-containing enzyme drug Sunface 5000 (matrix in nutritional value) on the digestibility and absorption of nutrients of wheat and soybean compound feed by broiler chickens. During the experiment, 204 day-old broiler chickens were divided according to the principle of analogues into 4 groups of 51 heads in each. The broiler chickens of the control group received compound feed without enzyme drugs, the 1st experimental group received compound feed with Sanzyme (matrix as an ingredient), the 2nd experimental group received compound feed with Sanzyme (matrix as an ingredient) and Sunface 5000 (matrix in nutritional value), the 3rd experimental group received compound feed with Sunface 5000 (matrix in nutritional value). Compound feeds were fed from one day to 42 days of age. In order to determine the digestibility of the main nutrients in compound feeds of broiler chickens aged 35–42 days, a physiological experiment was carried out based on the results of which a animal science analysis of the fed compound feeds and litter was carried out using generally accepted methods. When studying feed and litter, the mass fraction of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, fiber, nitrogen-free extractives, ash, calcium and phosphorus were determined. It was found that compared with the control group broiler chickens received Sunzyme and Sunface 5000 had higher coefficients of digestibility and nutrient utilization of wheat and soybean compound feeds and as a result achieved a high average final live weight with low feed intake per unit of gain during the rearing period.

Beef productivity of steers of Bestuzhev breed when using an enzyme additive with including of microelements

The value of animals feeding should be provided them with nutrients, but also with biologically active substances such as microelements. Making the task of increasing the productivity of cattle, along with improving the genetic potential, the problem of insuffi cient or unbalanced feeding becomes of great importance. This problem can be solved by using biologically active additives. The purpose of the research was to study the beef productivity of Bestuzhev breed steers with using an enzyme additive containing microelements. The experimental part of the research was carried out at the breeding farm “Agrofi rm Pravda” in the Sterlibashevsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. For the experiment steers of the Bestuzhev breed were selected on the principle of analogous pairs and formed into three groups (control, 1st and 2nd experimental). In the 1st experimental group, 15 mg/kg of complete feed enzyme additive plus microelements (protoisotilin with proteolytic activity at a dose of 0,03 % of the dry matter of the ration) was added to the basic ration of steers. In the 2nd experimental group the enzyme amylosubtilin with amylolytic activity was used at a dose of 0,03 % of the dry matter of the ration and a mixture of microelement salts (potassium, cobalt, manganese and citric acid). It was found as a result that with the use of biostimulants for 45 days with 15-day breaks, there was an increase in the total live weight of steers and adipose tissue with a stable carcass weight, regardless of animal groups. The highest rates of slaughter yield were observed in steers of the 2nd experimental group 65,29 %, in steers of the 1st experimental group it was 64,16 % and slightly lower than the control group 63,10 %. The diff erence in comparison with herdmates in the control group was 2,19 and 1,06 %, respectively.

Рост и развитие бычков лимузинской породы различных генотипов в постнатальном онтогенезе

The purpose of research is to study the growth and development of Limousin bulls of various genotypes in postnatal ontogenesis. Objectives: to study of weight growth, absolute, average daily gains in live weight and relative growth rate of young animals by age periods and for the entire period of growing and fattening; to study of the linear growth of bulls in postnatal ontogenesis based on the dynamics of body measurements and body composition indices. The objects of the study are bulls of the Limousin breed of various genotypes obtained from the mating of cows of French, Australian and local selection with bulls of local reproduction. The scientific and economic experiment was carried out in 2021–2022 at LLC Meat Union of Bashkir Producers, located in the Kuyurgazinsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Indicators of live weight dynamics, live weight gain, relative growth rate, body measurements and body composition indices in the age aspect were studied. Research of the weight growth of young animals of various genotypes made it possible to identify significant differences in terms of absolute and average daily gain in live weight for the entire period of growing and fattening between bulls of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, respectively, by 32.5 kg and 59.7 g (in both cases – by 6.2 %). The highest values of measurements, indicating the formation of meat qualities and body shape, were noted in bulls of the 1st group compared with peers of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups. Breeding animals for a long period under different housing and feeding technologies influences the characteristics of the growth and development of the descendants of local reproduction of Limousin breed cattle.

Morphological and biochemical indicators of duckling blood when using humic preparation

The influence of a humic preparation on the morphological and biochemical composition of the blood of ducklings was studied. A control and two experimental groups of day-old ducklings were formed to conduct the experiment. The birds of the 1st experimental group were additionally fed the drug in 100.0 ml/kg of feed to the main diet, the 2nd experimental group - 150.0 ml/kg. Blood for laboratory analysis was collected at one day, 14, 28, 42, and 56 days of age. It was found that by the end of growing, the birds in the experimental groups had an increase in total protein in the blood by 6.9 - 7.5% compared to the control, and the amount of glucose increased by 6.4 - 10.1% against the background of a decrease in the amount of urea and bilirubin. The levels of uric acid and cholesterol in the blood changed slightly. The indicators of the morphological composition of blood have improved due to an increase in the number of erythrocytes by 6.8 - 8.7%, hemoglobin - by 5.2 - 7.6%. Normalization of the functional state of the ducklings ’bodies increased the bird’s safety over 56 days of rearing.