2D Ultrathin Nanosheets Research Articles

Two-dimensional ultrathin perforated Co3O4 nanosheets enhanced PMS-Activated selective oxidation of organic micropollutants in environmental remediation

Here a two-dimensional (2D) ultrathin perforated Co3O4 nanosheet is rationally designed by a wet-chemical synthesis to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for efficient selective oxidation. And the physicochemical properties of catalyst were investigated by series of techniques. The Co3O4 nanosheets achieved a 98.0% degradation efficiency of bisphenol A (BPA) within 30 min, showing a 4 times higher kinetic constant (0.112 min−1) and 5 times lower Co2+ leakage (6.5 μg/L), than commercial Co3O4 microspheres. The great enhancement in catalytic performance was ascribed to the large surface area and pore diameter in porous 2D structure, as well as the strong electrostatic attraction with PMS. Moreover, the influence of several parameters such as initial pH, temperatures, humic acids and inorganic anions in the system on the remaval of BPA were systematically studied. Since sulfate radicals (SO4−) were proved to be the primary reactive oxygen species by EPR measurements and quenching experiments, the PMS/Co3O4 nanosheets exhibits a highly selective oxidation on aromatics with electron donating groups (i.e., –OH and –CH3), while a relatively low value for organics with electron-withdrawing groups (e.g., –NO2 and –COOH). A high ionization potential threshold was determined to be greater than 9.39 eV, corresponding to a high oxidation ability to react with the organics. Finally, possible degradation pathways were proposed based on twenty intermediate products determined from mass spectrometry.

Piezoelectric polarization promoted spatial separation of photoexcited electrons and holes in two-dimensional g-C3N4 nanosheets for efficient elimination of chlorophenols

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been proved to be a potential photocatalyst for environment purification, but the high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers leads to the low photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, we report the enhanced degradation of chlorophenols by 2D ultrathin g-C3N4 nanosheets with intrinsic piezoelectricity through photopiezocatalysis strategy. Under the simultaneous visible-light irradiation and ultrasonic vibration, the 2D g-C3N4 presented improved removal efficiency for elimination of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) with an apparent rate constant of 6.65 × 10−2 min−1, which was 6.7 and 2.2 times of the photocatalysis and piezocatalysis, respectively. The improved removal efficiency was attributed to the sufficient separation of free charges driven by the ultrasound-induced piezoelectric field in the 2D g-C3N4, which was demonstrated by the enhanced current response under photopiezocatalysis mode. Additionally, the photopiezocatalysis of 2D g-C3N4 was proved to possess well universality for removing different chlorophenols, as well as high durability and dechlorination efficiency. Finally, a possible photopiezocatalytic mechanism for removal of 2,4-DCP was proposed based on the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique and the determination of intermediates through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. This work provides a promising strategy for the design of energy-conversion materials towards capturing solar and mechanical energy in ambient environment.

Self‐Assembly of 2D Nanosheets into 1D Nanostructures for Sensing NO2

Ultrathin 2D nanosheets are one of the appealing building blocks for constructing self‐assembled nanostructures. Herein, a facile, fast, and general solvent‐mediated route for the high‐yield and large‐scale self‐assembly of ultrathin 2D nanosheets into 1D nanofibers and nanorings is reported. Solution‐dispersed graphene oxide (GO), MoS2, TiS2, and TaS2 nanofibers with lengths of several tens of micrometers and diameters of 20–50 nm are formed via the self‐assembly of their corresponding single‐layer nanosheets by simply vibrating their tetrahydrofuran suspensions under vortex for 1 min at room temperature. Interestingly, by simply changing the solvent from tetrahydrofuran to acetone, nanorings with diameters of 200–500 nm can be obtained via a similar process. As a proof‐of‐concept application, the reduced GO (rGO) nanofibers obtained by thermal reduction of the GO nanofibers are used as the channel material to fabricate electronic gas sensor, showing good sensitivity (with a detection limit of ≈75 ppb) and selectivity toward NO2. The simple assembly strategy can be used to assemble other ultrathin 2D nanomaterials into 1D nanostructures for various promising applications.

NIR-Activated Multimodal Photothermal/Chemodynamic/Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nanoplatform for Anticancer Therapy by Fe(II) Ions Doped MXenes (Fe-Ti3 C2 ).

2D MXene, Ti3 C2 (TC), has displayed enormous potential in applications in photothermal therapy (PTT), attributing to its biocompatibility and outstanding photothermal conversion capability. However, some tumor ablations are difficult to be realized completely by monotherapy due to the essential defects of monotherapy and intricate tumor microenvironment (TME). In this work, the appropriate doped Fe2+ ions are anchored into the layers of 2D ultrathin TC nanosheets (TC NSs) to synthesize a novel multifunctional nanoshell of Fe(II)-Ti3 C2 (FTC) through interlayer electrostatic adsorption. FTC possesses superior photothermal conversion efficiency (PTCE) than TC NSs, attributing to the enhanced conductivity promoted by interlaminar ferrous ion-channels. Moreover, Fenton reaction based on ferrous ions endows FTC the abilities of reactive oxide species (ROS) releasing and glutathione (GSH) suppression triggered by near-infrared (NIR) laser, featuring splendid biocompatibility and curative effect in hypoxic TME. Meanwhile, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) responding in FTC reveals the potential as an integrated diagnosis and treatment nanoplatform. FTC could provide new insights into the development of multimoded synergistic nanoplatform for biological applications, especially breaking the shackles of MXenes merely used as a photo-thermal agent (PTA), adopting it to bioimaging sensor and drug loading.

Solvent-Mediated Shell Dimension Reconstruction of Core@Shell PdAu@Pd Nanocrystals for Robust C1 and C2 Alcohol Electrocatalysis.

The core@shell structure dimension of the Pd-based nanocrystals deeply impacts their catalytic properties for C1 and C2 alcohol oxidation reactions. However, the precise simultaneous control on the synthesis of core@shell nanocrystals with different shell dimensions is difficult, and most synthesis on Pd-based core@shell nanocatalysts involves the surfactants participation by multiple steps, thus leads to limited catalytic properties. Herein, for the first time, a facile one-step surfactant-free strategy is developed for shell dimension reconstruction of PdAu@Pd core@shell nanocrystals by altering volume ratios of mixed solvents. The Pd-based sunflower-like (SL) and coral grass-like (CGL) nanocrystals are obtained with different 2D hexagonal nanosheet assembles and 3D network shells, respectively. Benefitting from the clean surface shell of 2D ultrathin nanosheets structure, high atom utilization efficiency, and robust electronic effect. The PdAu@Pd SL achieves the ascendant methanol/ethanol/ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (MOR/EOR/EGOR) activities, much higher than Pd/C catalysts, as well as the improved antipoisoning ability. Notably, this one-step construction shell dimension of PdAu@Pd core@shell catalysts not only provide a significant reference for the improvement of surfactant-free synthetic routes, but also shed light on the advanced engineering on shell dimensions in core@shell nanostructures for electrocatalysis and so forth.

The Lightest 2D Nanomaterial: Freestanding Ultrathin Li Nanosheets by In Situ Nanoscale Electrochemistry.

As the lightest solid element and also the simplest metal, lithium (Li) is one of the best representations of quasi-free electron model in both bulk form and the reduced dimensions. Herein, the controlled growth of 2D ultrathin Li nanosheets is demonstrated by utilizing an in situ electrochemical platform built inside transmission electron microscope (TEM). The as-grown freestanding 2D Li nanosheets have strong structure-anisotropy with large lateral dimensions up to several hundreds of nanometers and thickness limited to just a few nanometers. The nanoscale dynamics of nanosheets growth are unraveled by in situ TEM imaging in real-time. Further density-functional theory calculations indicate that oxygen molecules play an important role in directing the anisotropic 2D growth of Li nanosheets through controlling the growth kinetics by their facet-specific capping. The plasmonic optical properties of the as-grown Li nanosheets are probed by cathodoluminescence spectroscopy equipped within TEM, and a broadband visible emission is observed that contains contributions of both in-plane and out-of-plane plasmon resonance modes.

Simple Exfoliation of Bulk Gallium Selenide to Single/Few Layers by a Temperature‐Adjustment Bath‐Ultrasonic Treatment

2D layered materials, such as gallium selenide (GaSe), if exfoliated adjustably, exhibit several excellent properties, offering great potential for diverse uses. Herein, bulk GaSe is exfoliated by a novel temperature‐adjustment bath‐ultrasonic method. The obtained single to few layers of high‐quality GaSe nanosheets are deposited on a silicon/silicon dioxide (Si/SiO2) wafer and characterized by different methods to demonstrate the bath‐temperature non‐monotonic effect on the quality of nanoflakes. The optimal bath‐ultrasonic experimental scheme of GaSe nanosheet preparation is proposed. The adjustment of temperature shows effective control over the micromorphology of the exfoliated GaSe material, especially the thickness of the nanosheets. Through atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization of all samples, it can be observed that the nanosheets exhibit a uniform thickness, which means that this novel temperature‐adjustment exfoliation method is of general significance. It is found that the bath temperature of the ultrasonic process plays an important role in the synthesis of samples. A reasonable exfoliation mechanism of 2D ultrathin nanosheets is proposed and the energetics of the bath‐ultrasonic process are discussed.

Sub‐2 nm Ultrathin and Robust 2D FeNi Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets Packed with 1D FeNi‐MOFs for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis

AbstractWater oxidation is a critical process for electrochemical water splitting due to its inherent sluggish kinetics. In spite of the high catalytic activities of noble metal‐based electrocatalysts for water oxidation, their high cost, rare reserves, and low stabilities drive researchers to exploit efficient but low‐cost electrocatalysts. Ultrathin 2D nanomaterials are considered efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting. Herein, a facile strategy is proposed to fabricate 2D FeNi layered double hydroxide (FeNi‐LDH) nanosheets packed with the in situ produced 1D sword‐like FeNi‐MOFs by using FeNi‐LDH as a semi‐sacrificial template. In the composite, the thickness of the formed nanosheets is only 1.34 nm, much thinner than that of most previously reported 2D materials. The 1D porous sword‐like MOF nanorods have a long length of around 1.3 µm. Due to the unique 2D/1D combined structure, the as‐prepared FeNi LDH/MOF is directly used as electrocatalyst for the OER displays enhanced OER electrocatalytic performance with a low overpotential of 272 mV@100 mA cm–2, a small Tafel slope of 34.1 mV dec–1, high long‐term durability. This work provides a new way to fabricate integrated ultrathin 2D nanosheets and MOFs as advanced catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion.

One-pot synthesis of CuBi bimetallic alloy nanosheets-supported functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as efficient photocatalyst for oxidation of fluoroquinolones

With a broader objective to replace Au, Pt, and Ag-based photocatalysis, a new low-cost bimetallic nanoalloy of CuBi has been fabricated in situ on carboxylated MWCNTs by a facile reduction route. The physicochemical properties of CuBi-nanoalloy/MWCNTs have been thoroughly investigated through the characterization techniques, i.e. XRD, XPS, FE-SEM, TEM, UV − vis diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. FE-SEM and TEM study confirm the growth of ultrathin 2D nanosheets of CuBi-alloy, which were uniformly distributed on the CNTs bundles. The visible light-driven photocatalytic removal of fluoroquinolone-type antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin) was dramatically enhanced on the CuBi-modified nanotubes compared with pure CNTs. The synergistic effects of SPR effect of Cu, the intimate contact between the CuBi alloy and the nanotubes, the boosting of hot electron flux at the Schottky junction, and the higher oxidative activity lead to high photocatalytic oxidation rate of the CuBi-nanoalloy/MWCNTs.

Boron Nanosheet-Supported Rh Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution: A New Territory for the Strong Metal-Support Interaction Effect

HighlightsUltra-small and highly dispersed rhodium nanoparticles anchored in 2D ultra-thin boron nanosheets (BNS) were synthesized by a rapid NaBH4 reduction and facile freeze-dry approach.Due to the strong metal-support interaction effect, the optimized electrocatalyst exhibits excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic activity and stability in the wide pH range electrolytes.Based on the stable surface, the oxidized boron surface facilitates the coupling of BNS and metal, giving catalyst outstanding HER performance.

FeNi Nanoparticles Coated on N-doped Ultrathin Graphene-like Nanosheets as Stable Bifunctional Catalyst for Zn-Air Batteries.

High-performance and low-cost bifunctional catalysts are crucial to energy conversion and storage devices. Herein, a novel oxygen electrode catalyst with high oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction (OER/ORR) performance is reported based on bimetal FeNi nanoparticles anchored on N-doped graphene-like carbon (FeNi/N-C). The complete 2D ultrathin carbon nanosheet is induced by etching and stripping of molten sodium chloride and its ions in the carbonization process at suitable temperature. The obtained FeNi/N-C catalyst exhibits rapid reaction kinetics for OER, efficient four electron transfer for ORR, and outstanding bifunctional performance with reversible oxygen electrode index of 0.87 V for OER/ORR. Zn-air batteries with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.46 V and a stable discharge voltage of 1.23 V are assembled using liquid electrolytes, zinc sheet as Zn-electrode and FeNi/N-C coating on carbon cloth as air-electrode. The specific capacity is as high as 816 mAh g-1 and there is extremely little decay after charge-discharge cycle time of 275 h for the FeNi/N-C as oxygen electrode catalyst in Zn-air battery, which are much better than that assembled with Pt/C-RuO2 catalyst.

Ultrathin Nb2CTx nanosheets-supported polyaniline nanocomposite: Enabling ultrasensitive NH3 detection

A novel NH3 sensor enabled by two dimensional (2D) niobium carbide MXene (Nb2CTx) nanosheets-supported polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite (PANI/Nb2CTx) with enriched three dimensional (3D) spatial structure was successfully developed to achieve ultrasensitive NH3 detection under humidity atmosphere. The 2D ultrathin Nb2CTx nanosheets with abundant hydrophilic groups exhibited excellent regulation effect on the polymerization of PANI nanofibers and highly enhanced the morphology of PANI/Nb2CTx nanocomposite. The surface elemental analysis of Nb2CTx nanosheets was characterized through XPS, and the morphology images, crystal structure and chemical composition of the as-fabricated samples were investigated by FE-SEM, TEM, XRD and FTIR. According to the test results, the as-developed PANI/Nb2CTx sensor exhibits superior selectivity, high sensitivity, low detection limit (20 ppb) and good long-term reliability toward 0.1−10 ppm NH3 with 87.1 % RH. Owing to numerous hydrogen bonds between PANI and Nb2CTx, humidity affects on the sensing properties of PANI/Nb2CTx sensor was effectively reduced. Finally, the gas-sensing mechanism has been systematically studied to illustrate the improved sensing properties combining p-n junction with hydrogen bonds. This research provides a novel PANI/Nb2CTx NH3 sensor with excellent gas sensing properties, which can open up a new way to explore the application potential of Nb2CTx-based nanocomposite in both atmospheric and breath NH3 detection.

Insightful understanding of charge carrier transfer in 2D/2D heterojunction photocatalyst: Ni-Co layered double hydroxides deposited on ornamental g-C3N4 ultrathin nanosheet with boosted molecular oxygen activation

Molecular oxygen is a green and low-cost oxidant, which can be activated to produce reactive oxygen species by solar-light-driven photocatalysis. Here, Ni-Co LDH infused C, O co-doped g-C3N4 two-dimensional (2D) ultrathin nanosheet was prepared by a simple thermal polymerization coupling hydrothermal method. The molecular oxygen activation was estimated by the quantitative determination of •O2− and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation. 2D/2D heterojunction exhibits impressive photocatalytic performance. The arrestive activation efficiency is derived from the regulated energy band position, the broadened solar light absorption range, and the enhanced photoexcited electron transfer. Benefitting from these merits, the surface charge transfer efficiency of 2D/2D heterojunction is promoted to 51.3% from 14.3% (g-C3N4). The surface recombination rate constant is reduced to 0.0011 s−1 from 0.0042 s−1 (g-C3N4). The feasible photocatalytic mechanism for molecular oxygen activation is expounded based on experimental analysis.

Design and fabrication of Pt-free FeNi2S4/rGO hybrid composite thin films counter electrode for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells

In this work, we synthesized FeNi2S4/rGO composites as Pt-free counter electrode (CE) by one step hydrothermal method. Complete investigations of phase evolutions by XRD patterns and TEM indicate spinel structure with nanosheets and nanospherical morphologies. The individual spherical-shaped nanoparticles (30–35 nm) of FeNi2S4 were exploited on the 2D ultrathin rGO nanosheets surface. This is useful for the provision of further electrolyte adsorptions and responsive electrocatalytic sites. The DSSC constructed with FeNi2S4/rGO hybrid composite CE showed a conversion efficiency of 9.98%, better than that by FeNi2S4 CE (4.87%) and also commercial Pt (6.21%). The outstanding efficiency of the FeNi2S4/rGO hybrid composite CE is even better than commercial Pt and is an effective alternative to Pt CE in the DSSCs.

Ultrathin 2D Copper(I) 1,2,4-Triazolate Coordination Polymer Nanosheets for Efficient and Selective Gene Silencing and Photodynamic Therapy.

Gene silencing holds promise for cancer therapeutics because of its potential to inhibit genes involved in tumor development. However, gene silencing is still restricted by its limited efficacy and safety. Nanoscale coordination polymers (CPs) emerge as promising nanocarriers for gene delivery, but their responsiveness and potential therapeutic properties have rarely been explored simultaneously. Here, multifunctional ultrathin 2D nanosheets of Cu(I) 1,2,4-triazolate CP with a thickness of 4.5 ± 0.8 nm are synthesized using a bottom-up method. These CP nanosheets can act as both an effective DNAzyme nanocarrier for gene therapy and an intrinsic photosensitizer for hypoxia-tolerant type I photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is ascribed to the Fenton-like reaction. Because of the glutathione (GSH)-responsiveness of the CP nanosheets, DNAzyme-loaded CP nanosheets exhibit excellent cancer-cell-targeting gene silencing of the early growth response factor-1 (EGR-1), with messenger RNA inhibited by 84% in MCF-7 (human breast cancer cells) and only 6% in MCF-10A (normal human mammary epithelial cells). After tail intravenous injection into MCF-7-tumor-bearing mice, the CP nanosheets loaded with chlorin-e6-modified DNAzyme under photoirradiation show a high antitumor efficacy (88.0% tumor regression), demonstrating a promising therapeutic platform with efficient and selective gene silencing and PDT of cancer.

Controllable construction of hierarchically CdIn2S4/CNFs/Co4S3 nanofiber networks towards photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

The efficient charge separation and adequate active sites are crucial factors for hydrogen (H2) evolution from solar-driven water splitting. Herein, a novel one-dimensional-two-dimensional (1D-2D) CdIn2S4/carbon nanofibers (CNFs)/Co4S3 tandem Schottky heterojunction was synthesized by in-situ electrospinning combined with a hydrothermal method. The CNFs with in-situ embedded Co4S3 nano-grains provided an excellent 1D substrate with plentiful active sites, which benefited the growth of 2D ultrathin CdIn2S4 nanosheets to construct the tandem Schottky heterojunction. It is noteworthy that the spatial charge separation and directional transportation originating from the rectification effect of the Schottky barrier remarkably prolong the charge carrier lifespan. The optimal composite shows the H2 production activity at a rate of 25.87 mmoL·g−1·h−1 and superior photostability. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectra and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra revealed the information of the band structure and built-in electric fields in the heterojunction. Moreover, photoelectrochemical measurements and in-situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectra verified the efficient carrier separation and electron-transfer path in the heterojunction. This work inaugurates a new avenue in designing the CNFs-based heterojunction for high-efficiency photocatalysis.

Integrated S‐Scheme Heterojunction of Amine‐Functionalized 1D CdSe Nanorods Anchoring on Ultrathin 2D SnNb2O6 Nanosheets for Robust Solar‐Driven CO2 Conversion

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction to value‐added fuels is an appealing avenue in response to global warming and the energy crisis, but it still suffers from high energy barriers, low conversion efficiencies, and poor photostability. Herein, a novel S‐scheme SnNb2O6/CdSe–diethylenetriamine (SNO/CdSe–DET) heterojunction is designed by a microwave‐assisted solvothermal process, composed of 2D ultrathin SNO nanosheets (NSs) and amine‐modified CdSe–DET nanorods (NRs). The SNO/CdSe–DET composite without any co‐catalyst possesses a boosted performance in the solar‐driven photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to CO, and the highest CO evolution rate achieved is 36.16 μmol g−1 h−1, which is roughly 3.58 and 9.39 times greater than those of CdSe–DET and SNO under visible‐light illumination. Such a superior activity should be ascribed to the S‐scheme system, which benefits the separation of the photogenerated carriers and promotes the synergy between CdSe–DET NRs and SNO NSs by strong chemical‐bonding coordination. Meanwhile, DET can enhance CO2 adsorption/activation and precisely regulate the surface reactive sites. This innovative work provides fresh insight into the development of highly efficient S‐scheme photocatalytic heterostructures for CO2 reduction.

Ultrathin two-dimensional Fe-doped cobaltous oxide as a piezoelectric enhancement mechanism in quartz crystal tuning fork (QCTF) photodetectors.

An innovative ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) Fe-doped cobaltous oxide (Fe-CoO) coated quartz crystal tuning fork (QCTF) was introduced for the purpose of developing a low-cost photoelectric detector with a simple configuration. The enhancement mechanism of the piezoelectric signal in the ultrathin 2D Fe-CoO-coated QCTF detector is assumed to be the synergetic photocarrier transfer and photothermal effect of ultrathin 2D Fe-CoO. The ultrathin 2D nanosheet structure of Fe-CoO with a large specific surface area can efficiently absorb and convert light into heat in the QCTF, and the photocarrier transfer from the Fe-CoO nanosheet to the electrode of the QCTF contributes to the enhancement in electricity given the shortened diffusion distance of carriers to the surfaces of the 2D nanosheet. Finite element modeling was adopted to simulate the thermoelastic expansion and mechanical resonance of the QCTF with 2D Fe-CoO coating to support experimental results and analyses. Moreover, the effects of 2D Fe-CoO on the performance of QCTF-based photoelectric detectors were investigated. This Letter demonstrates that ultrathin 2D materials have great potential in applications such as costly and tiny QCTF detectors, light sensing, biomedical imaging, and spectroscopy.

Hierarchically designed CoMo marigold flower-like 3D nano-heterostructure as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions

Rational design of high performance bifunctional non-precious electrocatalysts is essential for the development of renewable energy conversion and storage technologies. Herein, we report a simple and effective hydrothermal method to synthesize a three-dimensional (3D) marigold-like cobalt-molybdenum layered double hydroxide (CoMo-LDH) flowers assembled by two-dimensional (2D) ultrathin nanosheets. Especially, the main difference with the previous reports of 2D CoMo-LDH nanosheets is the fact that the present 3D CoMo-LDH catalyst with high dense feature provide abundant active sites for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline solution. Among the synthesized various Co/Mo ratios of LDHs (Co1Mo4, Co2Mo3, Co3Mo2, and Co4Mo1), the Co3Mo2-LDH exhibits the superior OER activity, delivering small overpotential of 266 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with low Tafel slope of 49 mV dec−1. Furthermore, Co3Mo2-LDH also show remarkable HER activity offering low overpotential of 325 mV at 100 mA cm−2, which outperforms the commercial Pt/C. Co3Mo2-LDH catalyst also demonstrates the excellent stability over 12 h. The enhanced OER and HER activity of Co3Mo2-LDH can be attributed to its high electrochemical surface area, inherent layered 2D structure, synergistic effects of Co and Mo metal atoms, and compositional merits.

Study on Mechanism of the Low-Temperature Catalytic Reaction of Holes in 2D Ultrathin Nanosheets and the Catalyst Deactivation

Study on Mechanism of the Low-Temperature Catalytic Reaction of Holes in 2D Ultrathin Nanosheets and the Catalyst Deactivation