2D Nanofillers Research Articles

High-Density Capacitive Energy Storage in Low-Dielectric-Constant Polymer PMMA/2D Mica Nanofillers Heterostructure Composite

The ubiquitous, rising demand for energy storage devices with ultra-high storage capacity and efficiency has drawn tremendous research interest in developing energy storage devices. Dielectric polymers are one of the most suitable materials used to fabricate electrostatic capacitive energy storage devices with thin-film geometry with high power density. In this work, we studied the dielectric properties, electric polarization, and energy density of PMMA/2D Mica nanocomposite capacitors where stratified 2D nanofillers are interfaced between the multiple layers of PMMA thin films using two heterostructure designs of the capacitors, PMMA/2D Mica/PMMA (PMP) and PMMA/2D Mica/PMMA/2D Mica/PMMA (PMPMP). The incorporation of a 2D Mica nanofiller in the low-dielectric-constant PMMA leads to an enhancement in the dielectric constant, with ∆ε ~ 15% and 53% for PMP and PMPMP heterostructures at room temperature. Additionally, a significant improvement in discharged energy density was measured for the PMPMP capacitor (Ud ~ 38 J/cm3 at 825 MV/m) compared to the pristine PMMA (Ud ~ 9.5 J/cm3 at 522 MV/m) and PMP capacitors (Ud ~ 19 J/cm3 at 740 MV/m). This excellent capacitive and energy storage performance of the PMMA/2D Mica heterostructure nanocomposite may inform the fabrication of thin-film, high-density energy storage capacitor devices for potential applications in various platforms.

Research Progress in Dielectric Properties of Inorganic Two‐Dimensional Nano‐Fillers Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nano‐Dielectric Materials

Two‐dimensional (2D) nanofillers can effectively improve the performance of nano‐dielectrics by having larger aspect ratios and larger electron‐scattering interfaces than one‐dimensional (1D) nanofillers and zero‐dimensional (0D) nanofillers; the formation of a large interfacial area in the polymer matrix effectively traps or scatters the mobile charges and increases the curvature of the propagation paths of the electric tree, thus effectively increasing the breakdown strength and the energy‐storage density of nanodielectrics. In this article, the intrinsic mechanism of 2D nanodielectrics is elaborated using percolation theory, microcapacitance theory, interfacial model, and ping‐pong racket model. Surface modification, oriented alignment, and multilayer structural design are reviewed to enhance the dielectric properties of nanodielectrics. Additionally, an outlook on the multiple challenges and potential opportunities in the process of preparing energy‐storage capacitors with excellent performance is provided.

Smart heat management flexible cellulose films with enhanced thermal conductivity via assembling graphene and boron nitride nanosheets

Smart materials with high thermal conductivity are expected to have greatly application potential in thermal management for future electronic equipment. However, actual applications often require multifunctional properties of materials, such as high thermal conductivity (TC), good mechanical properties, and suitable electrical insulation performance. It is still a challenge to obtain such polymer composites with good comprehensive properties. Herein, the rational assembly of two-dimensional (2D) nanofillers of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) and graphene nanosheets (GNs) in nanofibrillated cellulose matrix is reported. The film shows 53.76 W m−1 K−1 of TC and 87.88 MPa of tensile strength. Meanwhile, the flexible film has the ability of response deformation by sensing the environmental temperature, which is promising for soft materials with excellent heat dissipation.

Electrospun nanofibrous membranes with functionalized 2D nanofillers for efficient micropollutant removal from water

In response to emerging challenges in water pollution, such as the contamination caused by dyes and antibiotics, scientists have been driven to develop state-of-the-art remediation techniques. The electrospun nanofiber membrane effectively eliminates antibiotics and dyes from industrial wastewater. This research work primarily centres on creating electrospun membranes based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membranes and mixed matrix membranes (MMM), PAN@MMM-1 and PAN@MMM-2, crafted through the electrospinning process. Enhanced membrane performance has been achieved by incorporating functionalized clay materials, alginate-bentonite (Alg-Bnt) and lanthanum-bentonite (La-Bnt) nano clay, as nanofillers. These membranes offer a combination of ease of use, high efficiency, energy and cost savings, and an environmentally friendly and ecologically beneficial nature. The study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the materials and membranes using a range of advanced technologies such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and the plate colony counting method for assessing antibacterial activity. UV–visible spectroscopy and HPLC were employed to determine the concentrations of antibiotics and dye compounds in the feed and permeate. The results revealed that the PAN@MMM-1 membrane exhibited a water permeability value up to 18.8 L m−2 h−1 and achieved rejection rates of up to 99.08 % for BSA, 97.82 % for cephalexin, 98.23 % for diclofenac, and 97.24 % for sulfamethoxazole. Moreover, it demonstrated impressive rejection rates of 99.39 % for methyl orange and 96.77 % for methyl violet, highlighting its remarkable efficacy in purifying wastewater.

Tailoring the geometry of silicon nitride nanofillers to simultaneously strengthen and toughen carbon/carbon composites

Incorporating one-dimensional (1D) nanofillers into carbon/carbon composites (C/Cs) can increase their mechanical strength. However, this method is ineffective in improving the fracture toughness of C/Cs because cracks can easily pass over the 1D nanofillers, resulting in a flat fracture surface. Herein, we propose a new technique to significantly improve both the strength and toughness of C/Cs by incorporating 2D ribbon-shaped nanofillers. Silicon nitride nanoribbons (SiNNRs) are assembled into a film-like structure and inserted into each layer of a carbon fiber laminate, which is then densified with a pyrocarbon matrix. Due to the large interfacial contact area between the nanoribbon and matrix, ribbon-shaped SiNNRs can efficiently arrest and deflect cracks in both two and three dimensions, exhibiting a higher reinforcement efficiency than that of slender silicon nitride nanowires (SiNNWs). Mechanical tests show that the percentage increases in fracture toughness, flexural strength, and compressive strength of C/Cs produced by SiNNRs are approximately 9.8, 1.8, and 1.25 times higher than those produced by SiNNWs at the same volume fraction of nanofillers, respectively. This study suggests that 2D ribbon-shaped nanofillers are more effective than 1D fibrous nanofillers in enhancing the strength and toughness of C/Cs.

Robust natural graphite-based bulk graphites with nanodiamond-containing fibrous nanofiller as reinforcement by electrohydrodynamic processing

One-dimensional (1D) structures, such as carbon nanotubes and carbon fibers, used as reinforcements in advanced carbon materials, have been greatly appreciated but facing with some significant challenges of dispersion and interfacial bonding. We utilized electrospinning technology to create a new 1D nanofiller. This material is a superfine fiber composed of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with a high nanodiamond (ND) content of 75 %, which is referred to as PDNF. During the preparation process, these nanofillers were blended with natural flake graphite (NFG) through electro-spraying. The as-prepared mixture served as the precursor powder sintered into NFG-based high-strength bulk graphite (HPG). During spark plasma sintering at 1800 °C, fibrous PDNF undergoes a phase transformation of diamond to graphite, with onion carbon pinning into and markedly reducing cleavage along the (002) plane of NFG, foundational to the high strength of NFG-based HPG. The PDNF's fiber-like structure and NFG's flake structure greatly increase the interfacial area between the matrix and reinforcement. Furthermore, the PDNF excels at blunting and deflecting cracks, thus bolstering the NFG-based HPG's overall resistance to crack propagation. The density, Young's modulus, and flexural strength of the as-prepared NFG-based HPG achieve 1.65 g/cm3, 17.4 GPa, and 145 MPa, respectively. Most importantly, this process can be a general approach for other high-performance composite materials.

Structural, Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of Graphene-Epoxy Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites

The change in characteristics in the microstructural features of epoxy nanocomposites created by reinforcing with graphene oxide (GO) obtained by controlled reduction of GO was investigated. The effects of adding various loadings (0.1–0.5 wt%) of RGO in epoxy resin were examined, with a focus on the material’s response toward mechanical and thermal properties. The robust interfacial bonding between epoxy resin and RGO is attributed to the higher surface area of the exfoliated layered geometry of graphene and is a key factor contributing to the enhanced physical properties in nanocomposite. The optimal incorporation of 2D nanofillers has been determined to induce a synergistic effect, thereby establishing a percolating network in thermal interface materials designed for high-performance electronic device.

Highly Stretchable, Low‐Hysteresis, and Adhesive TA@MXene‐Composited Organohydrogels for Durable Wearable Sensors

AbstractAs wearable sensors advance rapidly, demands for multifunctional conductive soft materials are ever higher, including high stretchability, resilience, adhesiveness and stability, simultaneously in one material, for stable long‐term use. Nanocomposite hydrogels incorporating conductive two‐dimensional (2D) nanofillers, such as MXene‐composited gels, emerge as promising candidates. Yet, fulfilling all above requirements, particularly large stretchability with low hysteresis, remains a challenge, owing to the easy oxidation and weak interactions of MXene nanosheets with polymer chains. Herein, an interfacial engineering strategy is proposed, where tannic acid (TA) with high‐density hydroxyl groups is introduced to encapsulate MXene into a stable TA@MXene nano‐motif and meanwhile increase the hydrogen‐bonding interactions between TA@MXene and polymer network. By incorporating TA@MXene into poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) network in a glycerol/water binary solvent, the obtained organohydrogel exhibits integrated properties of high stretchability (>500%) with low hysteresis (<3%), superior fatigue resistance (consistent hysteresis over 500 cycles at 300% strain), good adhesiveness, along with long‐term stability (>7 days) and antifreezing abilities (−40 °C). Such organohydrogels demonstrate superior strain‐sensitivity and thermosensitive capacities, enabling accurate and reliable detection of human movements, electrocardiogram signals, and body temperature. This general approach of stabilizing nanomaterials while effectively enhancing nanomaterial‐polymer bonding is applicable for synthesizing diverse high‐performance nanocomposited gels.

Bioinspired Dielectric Nanocomposites with High Charge-Discharge Efficiency Enabled by Superspreading-Induced Alignment of Nanosheets.

High-performance dielectric nanocomposites are promising candidates for thin-film dielectric capacitors for high-power pulse devices. However, the existing nanocomposites suffer from low charge-discharge efficiency (η), which results in severe generation and accumulation of Joule heat and subsequently the failure of the devices. In this work, we report nacre-inspired dielectric nanocomposites with outstanding η, which are enabled by superspreading shear flow-induced highly aligned two-dimensional (2D) nanofillers. Taking boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) as an example, the highly aligned BNNS in the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based nanocomposites contributes to a highly efficient Coulomb blockade effect for the injected charge carriers. Therefore, the bioinspired nanocomposites with highly aligned BNNS show significantly reduced dielectric loss (tan δ) (63.3%) and improved η (144.8%), compared to the ones with partially aligned nanosheets fabricated by solution casting. Furthermore, the optimized loading content of BNNS is as low as 3.6 wt %. The resulting nanocomposites exhibit reduced tan δ (0.018) and enhanced Eb (687 kV/mm), η (71%), and Ue (16.74 J/cm3). Our work demonstrates that the realization of high alignment of 2D nanofillers enabled by the superspreading shear flow is a promising way for the development of high-performance dielectric nanocomposites.

Mechanical reinforcement from two-dimensional nanofillers: model, bulk and hybrid polymer nanocomposites.

Thanks to their intrinsic properties, multifunctionality and unique geometrical features, two-dimensional nanomaterials have been used widely as reinforcements in polymer nanocomposites. The effective mechanical reinforcement of polymers is, however, a multifaceted problem as it depends not only on the intrinsic properties of the fillers and the matrix, but also upon a number of other important parameters. These parameters include the processing method, the interfacial properties, the aspect ratio, defects, orientation, agglomeration and volume fraction of the fillers. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the mechanical reinforcement of polymer nanocomposites from two-dimensional nanofillers with an emphasis on the mechanisms of reinforcement. Model, bulk and hybrid polymer nanocomposites are reviewed comprehensively. The use of Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies is examined in light of the distinctive information they can yield upon stress transfer at interfaces. It is shown that the very diverse family of 2D nanofillers includes a number of materials that can attribute distrinctive features to a polymeric matrix, and we focus on the mechanical properties of both graphene and some of the most important 2D materials beyond graphene, including boron nitride, molybdenum disulphide, other transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes and black phosphorous. In the first part of the review we evaluate the mechanical properties of 2D nanoplatelets in "model" nanocomposites. Next we examine how the performance of these materials can be optimised in bulk nanocomposites. Finally, combinations of these 2D nanofillers with other 2D nanomaterials or with nanofillers of other dimensions are assessed thoroughly, as such combinations can lead to additive or even synergistic mechanical effects. Existing unsolved problems and future perspectives are discussed.

Ultrahigh Capacitive Energy Density in Stratified 2D Nanofiller-Based Polymer Dielectric Films.

Dielectric capacitors are critical components in electronics and energy storage devices. The polymer-based dielectric capacitors have the advantages of device flexibility, fast charge-discharge rates, low loss, and graceful failure. Elevating the use of polymeric dielectric capacitors for advanced energy applications such as electric vehicles (EVs), however, requires significant enhancement of their energy densities. Here, we report a polymer thin film heterostructure-based capacitor of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(methyl methacrylate) with stratified 2D nanofillers (Mica or h-BN nanosheets) (PVDF/PMMA-2D fillers/PVDF), that shows enhanced permittivity, high dielectric strength, and an ultrahigh energy density of ≈75 J/cm3 with efficiency over 79%. Density functional theory calculations verify the observed permittivity enhancement. This approach of using oriented 2D nanofillers-based polymer heterostructure composites is expected to be versatile for designing high energy density thin film polymeric dielectric capacitors for myriads of applications.

Bend‐Resistant and Energy‐Friendly GO‐PVA/PVA Polymer Electret Synaptic Transistors for Neuromorphic Computations

AbstractPolymer electret synaptic transistor is a promising three‐terminal artificial synaptic device. In this work, the electrical characteristics of the composite insulator and transistor are enhanced by modulating the concentration of the 2D nanofiller graphene oxide (GO) and the stacked film structure based on a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. The GO‐PVA/PVA polymer electret synaptic transistors before and after dynamic/static bending exhibit typical synaptic characteristics, including short‐term plasticity, long‐term plasticity, pair‐pulse facilitation, spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity, and “learning–forgetting–relearning” features. Importantly, the device exhibits good cycling stability, uniformity and linearity in the potentiation‐depression cycling test, which is beneficial for improving the accuracy of neuromorphic computations. Also, it shows extremely low energy consumption (≈0.32 fJ). The recognition accuracy of images is simulated based on the constructed artificial neural network, which achieves 86.8% for the MNIST dataset. In addition, the devices maintain high recognition accuracy after dynamic/static bending, indicating that the devices are extremely bend‐resistant. The GO‐PVA/PVA polymer electret synaptic transistor is expected to be a potential candidate for neuromorphic computations and electronic skin.

Influence of α-Fe2O3, CuO and GO 2D nano-fillers on the structure, physical properties and antifungal activity of Na-CMC–PAAm blend

The present work aims to improve the uses of the carboxymethyl cellulose–polyacrylamide (Na-CMC–PAAm) blend for energy storage, optoelectronic applications, biological control, and plant disease management. Nano-sized materials (α-Fe2O3 nanoplates (NP), CuO NP, and GO nanosheets (NS), were synthesized and incorporated into the blend. The phase purity and morphologies of the used fillers were studied by XRD and HR-TEM. The interactions and complexation between the nano-fillers and the blend chains were investigated using XRD and FTIR spectra. The chemical composition and surface morphology of the nanocomposites were studied using EDS and FE-SEM analysis. UV-vis-NIR spectra revealed that the blend shows about 95% transmittance, reduced by 10–30% after doping. The absorption and refractive indices, as well as the optical gaps of the blend, were greatly affected by the doping. The dielectric constant and loss depend on the type of filler and the applied frequency. The maximum ac conductivity of the blend at 303 K and 4.0 MHz is 21.5 × 10–4 S/m and increased to 23.5 × 10–4 S/m after doping with CuO NP. The thermal stability, activation energy, stress–strain curves, and tensile strength are dependent on the filler type. All nanocomposite solutions except the blend exhibited a wide range of antifungal properties against pre- and post-harvest phytopathogenic fungi. Aspergillus niger among the examined fungi showed high sensitivity to the tested nanocomposite solutions. Furthermore, the CuO/blend nanocomposite had the highest antifungal activity against all tested fungi. Based on that, we suggest the use of CuO/blend and GO/blend nanocomposites to control and combat pre- and post-harvest fungal plant diseases.

Fabrication of PES MMMs with Improved Separation Performances Using Two-Dimensional rGO/ZIF-8 and MoS<sub>2</sub>/ZIF-8 Nanofillers

Modifying polymeric membranes using nanofiller is a promising method to enhance gas permeability and selectivity performance. This work used two types of ZIF-8 functionalized-2D nanofillers to fabricate polyethersulfone mixed matrix membranes. The rGO/ZIF-8 and MoS<sub>2</sub>/ZIF-8 nanofillers were first synthesised and characterised using FTIR and XRD. Then, 10 wt% of each nanofillers was added to the PES solution. TGA analysis indicates that MMMs containing rGO/ZIF-8 and MoS<sub>2</sub> /ZIF-8 exhibit improved thermal stability. No additional peaks in FTIR and XRD were observed in the MMMs, indicating that the 2D nanofillers were compatible with the PES matrix. The MMMs show significantly enhanced gas separation properties where the highest selectivity was observed for 10 wt%PRG/Pebax membrane of 35.71 with CO<sub>2</sub> permeability of 611 barrer and CH4 permeability of 17.11 barrer. These results confirm the possibility of using 2D nanofillers to develop high-performance membranes for gas separation.

The Laws of 2D-Nanofiller Aggregation in Polymer Nanocomposites

The aggregation process of 2D nanofillers (organoclay and graphene oxide (GO)) is studied within the framework of micromechanical models. The degree of aggregation of these nanofillers, expressed as the number of individual plates in one aggregate (tactoid), is determined by the ratio of the nominal moduli of elasticity of the nanofiller and the matrix polymer. It is found that increasing the first of these moduli leads to an increase in the degree of aggregation, whereas increasing the second one, leads to its reduction. This means that it is practically impossible to obtain exfoliated (separate) graphene plates in a polymer matrix. Both the studied polymer/2D nanofiller nanocomposites are reinforced with separate nanofiller aggregates, which is the optimal variant of reinforcing them.

Heat shrinking polymer based film reinforced with two dimensional carbon nitride with enhanced barrier and thermal properties

In this study, a heat shrinking film has been developed where Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a host matrix crosslinked with Lactic acid (LA), further reinforced with two dimensional nanofillers (g-C3N4) as a suitable sealing material, which can be directly applicable for commercial use. Key to achieve this state-of-the-art is incorporation of 2D nanofillers, which significantly influences and improves thermal (4.5 folds enhancement) and barrier (∼2.14 times) properties of the film, compared to its pristine form. Overall results justify that the developed film can be used commercially for sealing bottle lids, container packaging etc.

Development of Cloisite20A-polyurethane nanocomposite coatings for thermomechanical performance

Cloisite 20A-polyurethane (C20-PU) nanocomposites were prepared using three processing schemes at different reinforcement levels (1, 2 and 3 wt%). The H-bonding chemistry of hard segments (HS) of PU and C20, leads to compartment effect in C20-PU thus varying the mechanical performance, as deduced from nanoindentation studies. Elastic nanocomposites (7.8 % - 60.6 % decrease in the plasticity index) and plastic nanocomposites (4.8 %–25.3 % increase in the plasticity index) are produced by switching the sequence of homogenizer (HSH) and ultrasonic bath (USB), either in tandem or independently. Polymer phase mixing morphology indicated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and plasticity indices derived from nanoindentation, corroborate the active role of compartment effect in governing the properties and performance of PU and C20-PU nanocomposites. Dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) studies demonstrate that C20-PU nanocomposites are thermally and mechanically more robust than pure PU, with a >10 °C right shift in the glass transition temperature (Tg) along with a reduction in Tg peak intensities of nanocomposites. These findings articulate the interaction between PU chains and 2D nanofiller with improved thermomechanical properties.

Effects of Film Confinement on Dielectric and Electrical Properties of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide-Based Polymer Nanocomposites: Implications for Energy Storage

2D nanofillers such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO)-based polymer nanocomposites have emerged as crucial materials for various applications, from flexible solid-state capacitors to electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding devices. Specifically, the dielectric breakdown strength (EBD) and dielectric constant of polymer nanocomposite capacitors determine their ability to store energy, whereas frequency-dependent loss is crucial for EMI shielding applications. The miniaturization of energy storage and electronic devices demands a detailed understanding of the behavior of these polymer nanocomposites in the thin-film regime (micron to sub-micron thicknesses). In this work, we demonstrate the effect of confinement on the dielectric, electrical, and capacitive energy storage properties of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)–GO and PVDF–rGO films. We show that the dielectric permittivity is significantly impacted by the nanofiller confinement in thin (≈1 μm) PVDF polymer films, which is comparable to the lateral dimension of these 2D nanofillers. In thin PVDF–GO films, the nanofillers (and associated surface dipoles) become oriented quasi-parallel to the film interfaces, affecting the relative projected area to the applied electric field. The conductivity and loss tangent values increased as a function of frequency with reduced film thickness, which is beneficial to EMI shielding application. The EBD of the confined GO-based films was found to be relatively independent of the filler fraction, whereas rGO-based films increased with the filler fraction after an initial decrease. These results provide fundamental insights into rational design principles for using ultrathin GO and rGO-based polymer nanocomposite films in next-generation flexible electronic and energy storage devices.

2D‐Nanofiller‐Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Capacitive Energy Storage Applications

High‐energy‐density storage devices play a major role in modern electronics from traditional lithium‐ion batteries to supercapacitors for a variety of applications from rechargeable devices to advanced military equipment. Despite the mass adoption of polymer capacitors, their application is limited by their low energy densities and low‐temperature tolerance. Polymer nanocomposites based on 2D nanomaterials have superior capacitive energy densities, higher thermal stabilities, and higher mechanical strength as compared to the pristine polymers and nanocomposites based on 0D or 1D nanomaterials, thus making them ideal for high‐energy‐density dielectric energy storage applications. Here, the recent advances in 2D‐nanomaterial‐based nanocomposites and their implications for energy storage applications are reviewed. Nanocomposites based on conducting 2D nanofillers such as graphene, reduced graphene oxide, MXenes, semiconducting 2D nanofillers including transition metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2, dielectric 2D nanofillers including hBN, Mica, Al2O3, TiO2, Ca2Nb3O10 and MMT, and their effects on permittivity, dielectric strength, capacitive energy density, efficiency, thermal stability, and the mechanical strength, are discussed. Also, the theory and machine‐learning‐guided design of polymer 2D nanomaterial composites is learnt and the challenges and opportunities for developing ultrahigh‐capacitive‐energy‐density devices based on these nanofiller polymer composites are presented.

Fabric-like Electrospun PVAc-Graphene Nanofiber Webs as Wearable and Degradable Piezocapacitive Sensors.

Flexible piezocapacitive sensors utilizing nanomaterial-polymer composite-based nanofibrous membranes offer an attractive alternative to more traditional piezoelectric and piezoresistive wearable sensors owing to their ultralow powered nature, fast response, low hysteresis, and insensitivity to temperature change. In this work, we propose a facile method of fabricating electrospun graphene-dispersed PVAc nanofibrous membrane-based piezocapacitive sensors for applications in IoT-enabled wearables and human physiological function monitoring. A series of electrical and material characterization experiments were conducted on both the pristine and graphene-dispersed PVAc nanofibers to understand the effect of graphene addition on nanofiber morphology, dielectric response, and pressure sensing performance. Dynamic uniaxial pressure sensing performance evaluation tests were conducted on the pristine and graphene-loaded PVAc nanofibrous membrane-based sensors for understanding the effect of two-dimensional (2D) nanofiller addition on pressure sensing performance. A marked increase in the dielectric constant and pressure sensing performance was observed for graphene-loaded spin coated membrane and nanofiber webs respectively, and subsequently the micro dipole formation model was invoked to explain the nanofiller-induced dielectric constant enhancement. The robustness and reliability of the sensor have been underscored by conducting accelerated lifetime assessment experiments entailing at least 3000 cycles of periodic tactile force loading. A series of tests involving human physiological parameter monitoring were conducted to underscore the applicability of the proposed sensor for IoT-enabled personalized health care, soft robotics, and next-generation prosthetic devices. Finally, the easy degradability of the sensing elements is demonstrated to emphasize their suitability for transient electronics applications.