20G Group Research Articles

Comparison of 26− and 27-G Needles for Spinal Anesthesia for Ambulatory Surgery Patients

Seven hundred thirty ambulatory surgery patients, randomly assigned to receive spinal anesthesia with a 26- or 27-G needle, were studied for the incidence of post-dural puncture headache (PDPH), postoperative back pain, and patient acceptance. The incidence of PDPH following the use of 26- and 27-G needles was 9.6% and 1.5%, respectively (P less than 0.05). The incidence of PDPH was 5.7% among men and 13.4% among women following the use of 26-G needles (P less than 0.05), whereas no difference between men and women was noted after the use of 27-G needles. Of the patients who were 40 yr of age or younger, the overall incidence of PDPH was 11.9%, with a 7.5% incidence among men and a 16.4% among women following the use of 26-G needles (P less than 0.05) and a 1.8% incidence of PDPH following the use of 27-G needles, with no statistical difference between genders. Postoperative back pain was experienced in 18.3% of the patients in the 26-G group and 20.2% in the 27-G group (difference not significant). Favorable acceptance of spinal anesthesia was reported in 89.4% of patients in the 26-G group and 98.2% in the 27-G group (P less than 0.01). Results from this study demonstrate that, in patients who received spinal anesthesia for ambulatory surgery, the use of 27-G needles resulted in a significantly lower incidence of PDPH and greater patient acceptance compared with the use of 26-G needles. The incidence of postoperative back pain was not significantly different between the two groups.

ハマチの栄養要求に関する研究 Ｉ ハマチ用精製基本飼料の検討

In order to establish a basal diet suitable for a nutritional requirement study of yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata, the nutritive values of two pruified test diets used previously for yellowtail were tested by comparing the effects of the diets on the growth of young yellowtail and on the feed efficiency. The casein (T-diet) and casein gelatin (Y-diet) diets were the test diets. When fed the T-diet, fish in the 10g (average body weight) size group exhibited high growth and the diet produced high feed efficiency. However, fish in the 20g or 40g (average body weight) size group when fed the same diet experienced low growth with high mortalities; the feed efficiency also was low. The fish in the 10g size group fed on the Y-diet exhibited high feed intake, but their growth was quite poor, As a result, the feed efficiency of the Y-diet was extremely low. The low nutritive value of the Y-diet was thought to be attributable to its low pH (4.7). Therefore, the diet was ad-justed to pH 6.7 with 3% sodium hydroxied (Yp-diet). This diet produced high growth of fish and high feed efficiency, and its nutritive value was superior to those of T-diet and Y-diet. From these results, we propose that the Yp-diet (pH about 6.7) composed of 64.2% casein, 13.5% gelatin, 90% pollack liver oil, 7.0% mineral mixture, 3.0% vitamin mixture, 2.3% supple-mental amino acids, and 1.0% attractants can be used as a provisional basal diet for the nutritional study of yellowtails.

Metabolism of arsenic (Report 22). Effect of arsenic on the spontaneous motor activity, avoidance conditioning, extinction and swimming record in rats (author's transl)

The experiments were conducted to determine the effect of arsenic on the pharmacological actions as seen in the behavior of Wistar albino rats. Nutrition during the suckling period has some apparently influence on the pharmacology behavior, we found no significant difference between the heavy (26 approximately 35g) and light (under 25g) groups. Also rats in group B1, were fed a diet which included As2O3 2 mg/kg, and rats in group B2 were fed a diet which included As2O3 15 mg/kg during the suckling period. There were no significant differences in spontaneous motor activity, avoidance conditioning and swimming record between the controls and group B1. However in group B2, the spontaneous motor activity increased as did the response on avoidance conditioning.