24-h Dietary Recall Research Articles

Exploring the association between caffeine intake and benign prostatic hyperplasia: results from the NHANES 2005–2008

BackgroundCoffee is a physiologically active food component prevalent throughout the world, but the association between caffeine intake and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has been limited in extensive epidemiological studies.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the association between caffeine intake and BPH in adults in the United States using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2008. Caffeine intake (mg/day) was evaluated based on a 24-h dietary recall. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the independent relationship between caffeine intake and BPH, and the results are presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), subgroup analysis was also performed.ResultsA total of 2,374 participants were analyzed. After fully adjusting for potential confounders, logistic regression analysis revealed that higher caffeine intake was associated with a greater risk of BPH (ORT3vs1 = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.01–2.27; p = 0.04). In addition, this relationship was consistently observed across different subgroups, including individuals with lower education levels, a poverty income ratio (PIR) of 1.5 to 3.5, former smokers, married/living with partner individuals, those with uric acid levels of 5.5 to 6.5 mg/dL, those with hypertension, and those without cardiovascular disease (CVD).ConclusionThis study is the first to find a positive correlation between caffeine intake and BPH, but further research is needed to determine the exact causal relationship between these factors.

Association between Healthy Eating Index-2015 total and metabolic associated fatty liver disease in Americans: a cross-sectional study with U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BackgroundUtilizing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset to investigate the relationship between dietary quality, as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), and the prevalence of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) among adults in the United States, our analysis revealed that an increased dietary quality was significantly correlated with a reduced risk of MAFLD in the American population.MethodThe NHANES dataset, encompassing the years 2017–2018 and comprising 3,557 participants, was incorporated into our analytical framework. Weighted multivariate linear regression model was performed to assess the linear relationship between the HEI-2015 and MAFLD. Dietary intake data were derived from two 24-h dietary recall interviews conducted as part of NHANES.ResultsFollowing multivariable adjustment, the weighted multivariable linear regression models demonstrated a negative correlation between the HEI-2015 total scores and the risk of MAFLD. The weighted logistic regression models revealed that each unit of increased HEI-2015 total value was associated with a 1.2% (95% CI: 0.9%, 1.5%; P < 0.001) decrease in the risk of f MAFLD. Upon categorization of the HEI-2015 scores into quartiles, the odds ratios (ORs) for the association between the risk of MAFLD and the quartile scores of HEI-2015, in comparison to the baseline quartile, were 0.945 (95% CI: 0.852–1.047; P = 0.279), 0.834 (95% CI: 0.750–0.927; P < 0.001), and 0.723 (95% CI: 0.646–0.811; P < 0.001), respectively. When participants were stratified by age and sex, subgroup analyses showed a similar trend. This pattern was also evident in the smooth curve fitting (SCF) and weighted generalized additive model (GAM).ConclusionElevated dietary quality, as assessed by the total and component food scores of the HEI-2015, was significantly correlated with a diminished risk of MAFLD among participants in the NHANES survey featured in this investigation.

Dietary carbohydrate intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: a 16-year prospective cohort study.

Despite considerable research underscoring the importance of carbohydrate intake in relation to the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), a comprehensive assessment of this relationship is currently lacking. We aimed to examine the associations of various types and food sources of dietary carbohydrate intake with the risk of T2D, to evaluate potential effect modification by other factors, including genetic susceptibility, and to explore the potential mediators for such associations. The present study included 161,872 participants of the UK Biobank who were free of prevalent cancer, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes, and had at least one validated 24-h dietary recall assessment. Multivariable-adjusted age-stratified Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations of various types and food sources of dietary carbohydrate intake with risk of T2D. During a median follow-up of 13.6 years, 4,176 incident cases of T2D were identified. In the multivariable-adjusted models, a greater intake of fiber, carbohydrates from whole grains, and carbohydrates from non-starchy vegetables was significantly associated with a lower risk of T2D (highest vs. lowest quantile, HR [95% CI]=0.70 [0.62-0.79], 0.74 [0.67-0.82], and 0.83 [0.75-0.92], respectively, all P for trend <0.005). In contrast, a higher intake of starch and carbohydrate from starchy vegetables was associated with an increased risk of T2D (highest vs. lowest quantile, HR [95% CI]=1.31 [1.16-1.48] and 1.19 [1.09-1.31], respectively, both P for trend <0.005). Replacing one serving of refined grains or starchy vegetables with an equal amount of whole grains or non-starchy vegetables was associated with 4% to 10% lower risk of T2D (all P values <0.001). The observed associations were generally similar across population subgroups, including individuals with different genetic susceptibility to T2D. Mediation analyses of the inverse association between T2D risk and isocaloric substitution of carbohydrates from refined grains with carbohydrate from whole grains demonstrated that 39.6%, 43.4%, 44.0%, 27.8%, and 34.9% were mediated through body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, glycosylated hemoglobin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and C-reactive protein, respectively. In addition, the inverse association between the isocaloric substitution of carbohydrates from starchy vegetables with carbohydrates from non-starchy vegetables and T2D was partially mediated through high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (15.9%). These findings underscore the importance of dietary modifications of carbohydrates, particularly considering types and food sources of carbohydrate intake, in the primary prevention of T2D.

Dietary Profile of Women With Chronic Muscle Temporomandibular Disorder: An Observational Study.

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is the main chronic pain that affects the face, and it is associated with dietary changes due to pain and dysfunction. However, there is a scarcity of studies on its impact on nutrition and vice versa. To assess and compare the intake of energy and nutrients among chronic TMD myalgia and asymptomatic women and to evaluate data according to dietary reference intakes (DRI) and the World Health Organization (WHO) values. In this analytical cross-sectional study, 84 female subjects were evaluated according to the diagnostic criteria of TMD (DC/TMD) and allocated into two groups: asymptomatic group (n = 16) and TMD group (n = 68). Participants were assessed using three 24-h dietary recalls and then analysed for energy, macro and micronutrient content (Nutwin programme). The multiple source method programme was used to estimate participants' usual dietary intake. Usual energy and nutrients intake were also analysed according to the DRI and WHO values. The obtained data were analysed using SPSS 25.0 software. The data were considered significant when the p values were ≤ 0.05. The TMD group showed lowered usual intake of cholesterol, sodium, omega-3, omega-6, folate, magnesium, selenium and increased usual intake of trans fat. The TMD group showed a higher prevalence of inadequacy of selenium and folate intake. Dietary intake inadequacies were observed in both groups; however, TMD women showed a significantly lower intake of several nutrients. Long-term dietary assessment is suggested to accurately investigate the relationship between TMD and nutrient deficiencies.

Total choline intake, liver fibrosis and the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Results from 2017 to 2020 NHANES

ObjectivesThis study investigated the cross-sectional relationships of total choline intake with the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its progression to liver fibrosis. Study designThe study used data on total choline intake, hepatic steatosis, and liver fibrosis from the cross-sectional 2017–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, including 24-h dietary recalls and liver ultrasound elastography (FibroScan®). Main outcome measuresSteatosis was defined as a controlled attenuation parameter score ≥ 285dB/m. Fibrosis was defined as median liver stiffness ≥8 kPa. Complex survey-adjusted regression models were used in all analyses. Effect modification by sex, race, and cardiometabolic risk factors was investigated. ResultTotal choline intake was not associated with MASLD status (n = 5687; odds ratio per 100 mg/d [95 % confidence interval]: 0.96 [0.85,1.09]; P = 0.55). However, among people with MASLD, a higher total choline intake was associated with higher odds of fibrosis (n = 2019; 1.15 [1.01,1.30]; P = 0.03). This association was observed in men (P-interaction = 0.1; 1.23 [1.02,1.48]; P = 0.03), but not in women (1.05 [0.88,1.24]; P = 1.0). Choline intake also tended to be positively associated with fibrosis in people with MASLD who were overweight or had central obesity (P-interaction = 0.02; 1.15 [1.00,1.34]; P = 0.06). ConclusionsOverall, no significant association was observed between total choline intake and the prevalence of MASLD. However, in people with MASLD, a higher choline intake was associated with higher odds of developing liver fibrosis. This association appeared to differ by sex and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Associations of dietary choline intake and kidney function with hyperuricemia in Chinese children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Limited studies have suggested an effect of dietary choline intake on uric acid levels. We aim to investigate the associations between choline intake and hyperuricemia (HUA), as well as the mediating role of kidney function in this relationship, among the Chinese population aged 6-17 years. Participants were divided into quartiles according to residual energy-adjusted dietary choline intake in our cross-sectional study. Dietary choline intake was assessed using the 24-h dietary recalls method over three consecutive days, including two weekdays and one weekend day. The primary outcome was the HUA prevalence. Based on recommendation in Clinical Paediatric Nephrology (3rd ed), HUA is defined based on fasting serum uric acid levels, with cutoffs varying by age and sex. The associations between choline intake and HUA were analysed using weighted logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline models, and linear regression models. The mediated proportions of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the associations were estimated with mediation effect models. The data for this study were collected from the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Mothers (2016-2017) conducted between October 2016 and December 2018. Eligible participants were identified through a database search conducted from October to December2023. Among the 10749 participants, 3398 (31.6%) individuals were found to have HUA. A negative dose-dependent relationship was found between dietary choline intake and HUA. Compared to participants in the lowest intake quartile of total choline, phosphatidylcholine, and betaine, those in the 4th quartile had lower odds of HUA, with odds ratio (OR) of 0.75 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.63-0.90), 0.75 (95% CI, 0.64-0.89), and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.59-0.94), respectively. The eGFR mediated 10.60%-14.58% of the associations. Participants in the 4th quartile of lipid-soluble dietary choline exhibited 24.00% reduced odds of HUA compared to those in the lowest intake quartile, with an OR of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.64-0.90). Moderate to high intake of dietary choline (181.20-357.92mg/d), particularly phosphatidylcholine (120.22-207.58mg/d), and betaine (189.24-282.37mg/d), may reduce the odds of HUA by improving glomerular filtration function. Further interventional studies are needed to establish causal relationships. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82003443, 42375180), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China (2024A1515012088), and the Construction of High-level University of Guangdong (G624330422).

Association Between Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Frailty Among Older Adults With Hypertension: Evidence From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2020.

Frailty is a condition characterized by increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes, particularly among older adults. With the significant prevalence of hypertension and the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in this demographic, it is essential to explore their potential combined effects on frailty. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 1999-2020, involving 13,465 hypertensive adults aged 60 and above. Frailty was assessed using a Frailty Index based on 49 deficits, categorizing individuals as frail if their score was ≥ 0.25. SSB consumption was measured through 24-h dietary recalls. Multivariate logistic regression analyses, adjusted for various confounding factors including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status, and lifestyle choices, indicated that SSB consumption was independently associated with an increased likelihood of frailty (odds ratio = 1.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.37, p = 0.02). Additionally, restricted cubic spline curve fitting revealed a linear relationship between SSB intake and frailty levels. Our findings suggested that SSB consumption was associated with frailty in older hypertensive adults, emphasizing the need for further research on the underlying mechanisms and potential interventions.

Dietary Nutrient Adequacy in Aeronautical Military Personnel in Spain: Strengths and Weaknesses.

Aeronautical military personnel operate under intense physical and mental stress, requiring high psychophysical aptitude. Adequate nutrition is essential to sustain operational readiness and mitigate the risk of chronic diseases and other health issues. This study aims to evaluate the nutritional status of aeronautical military personnel group in Spain through dietary parameters. A total of 390 male aeronautical military personnel, who attended the Centro de Instrucción de Medicina Aeroespacial (Madrid, Spain), were evaluated. Energy and nutrient intakes were estimated by three non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls (DIAL® program). The median energy intake was 2134 kcal/day, with significant variations across professional groups, highest in parachutists (2347 kcal/day). Protein intake was 18.2% TE, while carbohydrate intake was 37.6% TE, below standards, with 83.8% of participants not meeting the EFSA guidelines. However, a high intake of added sugars was observed (10% TE). Fat intake (38.3% TE) and saturated fats (11.7% TE) exceeded recommendations. Micronutrient deficiencies were notable for vitamin D (98% below recommendations), folate (56.4%), vitamin C (40.2%), calcium (50.3%), iodine (76.6%), and zinc (59%). Elevated cholesterol intake (352 mg/day) and inadequate fiber intake (18.5 g/day) were also observed. This study highlights imbalanced dietary patterns among Spanish aeronautical military personnel, with high protein, fat, cholesterol and added sugar consumption, low carbohydrate, and inadequate intake of critical micronutrients and fiber. These findings emphasize the need for targeted dietary interventions, nutritional monitoring protocols, and specific guidelines to enhance health and performance in this specialized group.

Study of the association of niacin and vitamin B6 intake with endometriosis: Evidence from NHANES 2003-2006.

This study aims to investigate the association between dietary intake of niacin and vitamin B6 and the prevalence of endometriosis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from women aged 25-45 years in the 2003-2006 NHANES. Niacin and vitamin B6 intake were assessed using 24-h dietary recalls, and endometriosis status was determined by self-report. Covariates included age, race, body mass index, poverty income ratio, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. Weighted logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between vitamin intake and endometriosis, with stratified analyses performed for different age groups. Data visualization included scatter plots with locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) curves to illustrate the relationship between nutrient intake and the probability of endometriosis. A total of 1467 participants were included, of whom 7.17% (105 individuals) reported having endometriosis. There were significant differences in dietary intake of niacin and vitamin B6 between participants with and without endometriosis. In the unadjusted model, vitamin B6 intake was significantly negatively associated with endometriosis (odds ratio [OR], 0.79 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.62-0.99], P = 0.033), and niacin intake showed a marginally significant negative association (OR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.96-1.00], P = 0.019). In the models adjusted for age and race, the negative association between vitamin B6 and endometriosis remained significant (OR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.63-1.01], P = 0.044), and the association for niacin remained marginally significant (OR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.96-1.00], P = 0.023). In the fully adjusted model, the negative association for vitamin B6 remained significant (OR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.63-0.99], P = 0.033), and the association for niacin remained marginally significant (OR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.96-1.00], P = 0.021). Age-stratified analysis showed that niacin intake was not significantly associated with endometriosis in women aged 35 years and younger (OR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.95-1.02], P = 0.3), whereas vitamin B6 intake was significantly negatively associated with endometriosis in women older than 35 years (OR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.56-0.99], P = 0.048). Scatter plots with LOESS curves indicated a negative trend between higher intakes of niacin and vitamin B6 and the probability of endometriosis. The findings suggest that dietary vitamin B6 intake is negatively associated with the prevalence of endometriosis, particularly among women older than 35 years, highlighting the potential role of dietary adjustments in managing endometriosis. Niacin intake also showed a protective effect, although this was less pronounced than vitamin B6. These results provide a basis for further research into the relationship between diet and endometriosis.

Prospective associations of infant food exposures and appetitive traits with early childhood diet quality

BackgroundEarly-life food exposures may influence food preferences and receptivity, thereby impacting long-term diet quality. Infant exposure to discretionary foods may be more detrimental for infants with high food approach traits; conversely, early exposure to fruits and vegetables may be more important for those with high food avoidance traits. This study investigated associations of infant food exposures with early childhood diet quality and whether these associations are modified by infant appetitive traits.MethodsData are from the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study (PEAS) and Sprouts follow-up study, a prospective cohort assessed from the first trimester of pregnancy through early childhood. Birthing parents completed the Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire assessing food-approach and food-avoidance appetitive traits at 6 months and food frequency questionnaires assessing infant age at introduction to and frequency of consuming food groups at ages 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. At child ages 3.5 and 5 years, parents provided two 24-h dietary recalls, from which the Healthy Eating Index-2020 was calculated to measure diet quality. Structural equation models using maximum likelihood estimation examined associations of age at introduction to, and intake frequency of, fruit/vegetables and discretionary foods, and their interactions with food-approach and food-avoidance appetitive traits, on child diet quality at ages 3.5 & 5 years, controlling for income, education, and breastfeeding duration.ResultsHigher childhood diet quality was associated with later infant age at introduction to discretionary foods, lower intake of discretionary foods at ages 1 and 2 years, and greater intake of fruits and vegetables at age 2 years. Childhood diet quality was not associated with infant age at introduction to fruits and vegetables. Intake of fruits and vegetables at age 1 year interacted with food avoidance traits, indicating that the association of fruit and vegetable intake with childhood diet quality was magnified by greater food avoidance.ConclusionsExposure to discretionary food in the first two years of life was consistently associated with lower diet quality in early childhood regardless of the strength of appetitive traits. Findings suggest that improving child diet quality may require stronger efforts to limit exposure to discretionary foods in infancy.

Association between the number of glucose-lowering drugs in use, diet quality, and nutrient intake among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The use of several glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus is common, but their effects on dietary intake have been little explored. Our study aimed to examine the association between the number of GLDs used by adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their diet quality and nutrient intake. This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a Brazilian national multicenter randomized clinical trial involving participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged >30 years. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric information and food intake data (24-h dietary recall). Diet quality was assessed by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the association of dietary intake with the number of GLDs in use. Our analysis included data from a total of 363 participants, mean age of 60.8 ± 9.5 years, and mean glycated hemoglobin of 8.7 ± 1.5%. Of these, 28.1% were taking one GLD; 48.8% were taking two GLDs; and 23.1% were taking ≥3 GLDs. We found no difference in diet quality, but the intake of total polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids was different between the three groups (p ≤ 0.03). However, this association was no longer seen after adjusting for age, sex, duration of diabetes, prior diagnosis of dyslipidemia, physical activity and mean monthly family income. We did not find an association between the number of GLDs in use and either diet quality or nutrient intake in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Dietary caffeine and its negative link to serum Klotho concentrations: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

This is the initial investigation assessing the association between caffeine consumption through diet and circulating Klotho concentrations, with Klotho being recognized as a key biomarker of healthspan and aging. This cross-sectional analysis utilized data from 11,169 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Caffeine consumption was evaluated using 24-h dietary recall interviews by trained professionals, and serum Klotho concentrations were measured via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Generalized linear models and threshold effect analysis were employed to examine the relationship between caffeine intake and serum Klotho concentrations. Interaction tests and subgroup analyses were conducted to identify potential effect modifiers. After controlling for covariates, a negative correlation was observed between dietary caffeine consumption and serum Klotho concentrations, with each additional 100 mg of dietary caffeine consumption, Klotho decreased by 3.40 pg./mL (95% confidence interval [CI]: -5.73, -1.07). Participants in the fourth quartile of dietary caffeine consumption showed a 23.00 pg./mL reduction in serum Klotho concentrations (95% CI: -39.41, -6.58) compared to individuals in the first quartile. Threshold effect analysis revealed a threshold point corresponding to natural log-transformed caffeine value >3.74 (equivalent to ~41 mg/day), above which Klotho levels demonstrated a more pronounced decline. Subgroup analyses indicated that this association was more significant in participants with sedentary activity >480 min and without hypertension. Our study reveals a significant, dose-dependent negative association linking caffeine intake with serum Klotho concentrations in the United States adults aged 40-79 years, with potential thresholds beyond which the effects become more pronounced. Additional studies are required to verify these results and investigate the underlying biological processes involved.

Selecting a dietary assessment method for a national nutrition survey: a review and evaluation of online 24-h dietary recall tools.

Online 24-h dietary recall tools are commonly used in nationwide nutrition surveys to assess population diets. With a steep rise in the development of new and more advanced 24-h dietary recall tools, the decision of which tool to use for a national nutrition survey becomes increasingly challenging. Therefore, this short communication outlines the process of selecting a 24-h dietary recall tool for a national nutrition survey in New Zealand. To identify suitable 24-h dietary recall tools, a review of peer-reviewed and grey literature was conducted (2019-2022). Data on functionalities, validation, usability and adaptability were extracted for eighteen pre-specified tools, which were used in the subsequent evaluation process. Six of the eighteen tools had new relevant publications since 2019. The fourteen new publications described six validation studies and eight usability studies. Based on pre-selection criteria (e.g. availability, adaptability, previous use in national surveys), three tools were shortlisted: ASA24, Intake24 and MyFood24. These tools were further evaluated, and expert advice was sought to determine the most suitable tool for use in the New Zealand context. A comprehensive yet time- and cost-efficient approach was undertaken to identify the potential use of online 24-h dietary recall tools for a national nutrition survey. The selection process included key evaluation criteria to determine the tools' suitability for adaptation within the New Zealand context and ultimately to select a preferred tool. A similar approach may be useful for other countries when having to select 24-h dietary recall tools for use in national nutrition surveys.

The impact of coffee consumption on osteoarthritis: insights from NHANES and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint condition, and emerging evidence suggests that dietary factors, such as coffee consumption, may influence its risk. However, the relationship between coffee consumption and the risk of developing OA remains ambiguous. This study aims to explore the association between coffee intake and OA complemented by Mendelian randomization (MR) to infer causality. We analyzed data from 32,439 participants across 10 NHANES cycles (1999-2018), including 3,676 individuals diagnosed with OA. Osteoarthritis was diagnosed through a structured questionnaire, while coffee consumption was assessed via 24-h dietary recalls. Participants were categorized based on reported coffee intake: 0 cups, <2 cups, 2-4 cups, and >4 cups per day. We employed weighted multivariable logistic regression to examine associations between coffee consumption and OA by using data from the NHANES 1999-2018, adjusting for various covariates. Subsequently, a MR analysis was conducted using genetic variants as instrumental variables to infer causal relationships, with multiple methods including inverse-variance weighted (IVW) analysis, MR-Egger regression, and weighted median techniques to assess the robustness, heterogeneity, and potential pleiotropy of our findings. Our regression models indicated an increased risk of OA with rising coffee consumption, with significant associations noted particularly for those consuming more than 4 cups daily (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.00-1.41, p = 0.049). In MR analysis, coffee intake was causally linked to OA types, demonstrating increased risk for knee OA (KOA: OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.08-2.35, p = 0.018), hip OA (HOA: OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.06-3.25, p = 0.031), and combined KOA and HOA (KHOA: OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.18-2.33, p = 0.003). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the stability of results across multiple evaluation methods. Our findings highlight a significant association between coffee consumption and an increased risk of OA, suggesting that higher intake levels may contribute to OA morbidity. These results warrant further exploration into the underlying biological mechanisms and implications for dietary guidelines in populations at risk for OA.

Higher MIND diet scores are associated with larger brain MRI hippocampal volume: the cross‐cohort collaboration

AbstractBackgroundHigher Mediterranean‐ DASH for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet scores have previously been associated with larger total brain volume (TBV) in the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS) community‐based cohort. We investigated cross‐sectional relationships between the MIND diet and structural brain imaging volumes and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) across six community‐based cohorts.MethodWe analyzed data from 3130 dementia‐, stroke‐ and other neurological disease free adults (aged 65 to 74) who participated in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort, Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), Three City (3C) cohort, FOS cohort, Rotterdam Study (RS) or the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) cohort. Individuals completed a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, and a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (ARIC, CHS, FOS, RS), 24h dietary recall (3C), or an extensive food list (SHIP). The MIND diet consists of ten healthy (e.g. green leafy vegetables, berries and fish) and five unhealthy (e.g. cheese, red meat and products and fast fried foods) components. Outcomes from brain MRI included TBV, total grey matter volume (TGMV), hippocampal volume (HPV), and WMHV. We used multivariable linear regression to relate MIND diet adherence to the outcomes. Results were combined in meta‐analysis using fixed effects and random effects models.ResultHigher MIND diet scores (score range: 0‐15) were associated with larger HPV (beta = 0.015, 95% confidence interval = 0.004 to 0.026, cm³ per one unit MIND diet score increase) after adjustment for age, age squared, sex, time from clinical exam to brain MRI exam, total intracranial volume and energy intake, but not with TBV, TGMV and WMHV. Heterogeneity between studies was low (I2 = 0% TBV, TGMV, HPV) to moderate (I2 = 44% WMHV).ConclusionIn cross‐sectional analyses, higher MIND diet scores were associated with larger HPV, but not with other brain volume measures. It might be that HPV was a more sensitive marker of brain health in the populations under study. Future studies are encouraged to examine the associations between the MIND diet and amyloid and tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to elucidate whether a relationship between the MIND diet and dementia pathologies exists.

Association between dietary vitamin C intake and migraine in adults: A cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Previous studies indicate that vitamin C may decrease the occurrence and intensity of migraines, but the evidence is restricted due to small sample sizes. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of the association between dietary vitamin C intake and migraine in the general population. This cross-sectional study utilised data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 1999 and 2004. Participants who had severe headaches or migraines in the past 3 months were classified as experiencing migraines. Dietary vitamin C intake was evaluated using the 24-h dietary recall system. Logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression and stratified analyses were employed to assess the association between dietary vitamin C intake and migraine. The study included 4101 participants, of whom 702 (17.12%) experienced migraine. The study revealed an inverse association between dietary vitamin C intake and migraine (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 0.83-0.96, p = 0.002) after adjusting for demographic covariates, lifestyle covariates, laboratory tests, physical examinations, physical activity, dietary covariates and comorbidities. When vitamin C intake was categorised, the adjusted OR (95% CI) for migraine in Q4 (highest vitamin C intake) was 0.64 (95% CI = 0.49-0.84, p = 0.001) compared to Q1 (lowest vitamin C intake). The RCS regression showed a linear inverse relationship between dietary vitamin C intake and migraine (pnon-linearity = 0.449). The findings remained consistent, and no significant interactions were found among different groups. Dietary vitamin C intake was inversely associated with migraine, and a linear negative relationship was found between vitamin C intake and migraine.

Associations between eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid consumption and inflammatory bowel disease in adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2010.

Current evidence on the associations of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) consumption with the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary EPA and DHA consumption with the incidence of IBD in a population of the United States, which potentially provides insights for global nutritional prevention and control strategies for IBD. Data were sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 2009-2010. EPA and DHA consumption was measured using twice 24-h dietary recall questionnaires. In the arthritis questionnaire, the incidence of IBD was inquired via a sub-analysis for arthropathy. To assess the relationship between dietary EPA and DHA consumption with the incidence of IBD, binary logistic regression and limited cubic spline models were used. A total of 4,242 individuals aged 20 years and older participated in this survey. IBD was diagnosed in 52 individuals, representing a prevalence of 1.23%. The 95% confidence interval for crude odds ratios (ORs) of IBD in quartiles 2 and 3 of dietary EPA consumption was 0.14 (0.04-0.55) (p<0.05) and 0.36 (0.18-0.73) (p<0.05) when compared to quartile 1, respectively. The 95% confidence interval for crude ORs of IBD in quartile 4 of dietary DHA consumption was 0.09(0.02-0.35) (p<0.05) when compared to quartile 1. For the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2009-2010, increased dietary EPA and DHA consumption may be related to a decreased risk of IBD in Americans aged 20 and above.

A Pilot Study of a Novel Dietary Intervention Targeting Ultra-Processed Food Intake.

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are harmful to health but ubiquitous in the modern food environment, comprising almost 60% of the average American diet. This study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a novel behavioral intervention designed to reduce UPF intake. Fourteen adults participated in an 8-week pilot intervention, which consisted of weekly group sessions, individual meal planning sessions, and financial support. Dietary intake was assessed using three Automated Self-Administered 24-h Dietary Recalls (ASA24) at both baseline and post-treatment. The intervention was highly feasible and acceptable. Qualitative data demonstrated that participants were enthusiastic about the benefits of reducing UPF intake and found the intervention highly valuable. Participants reduced average daily calories from UPF by 48.9%, number of UPFs consumed by almost half, total daily calorie intake by 612 calories/day, sodium consumption by 37% and sugar consumption by 50%. There were no significant changes in fruit or vegetable intake. Participants lost an average of 3.5kg (SD=3.0kg). This pilot data suggests that behavioral interventions to reduce UPF intake will be well-received and are capable of success despite the barriers of the United States food environment. Future research should prioritize behavioral interventions targeting UPF consumption alongside policy changes.

The Mediating Role of Body Mass Index in the Association Between Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota and Biological Age: A Study Based on NHANES 2007-2018.

The dietary index for gut microbiota (DI-GM) is a newly proposed metric for assessing diet quality, and its relationship with biological age is unclear. We hypothesize that consuming foods conducive to a healthy gut microbiota environment may decelerate aging. This cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning the years 2007 to 2018. The DI-GM was calculated by averaging the intakes from two 24-h dietary recall interviews. The biological age indicators were assessed using the Klemera-Doubal Method (KDM), phenotypic age (PA), and homeostasis disorder (HD). Logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and mediation analysis were employed to explore the association between DI-GM and KDM, PA, and HD. The study included 20,671 participants. According to the logistic regression model, adjusting for all covariates, a negative association was observed between the DI-GM score and biomarkers of biological aging. Compared to participants in the lowest quartile for DI-GM scores, those in the highest quartile exhibited reduced odds ratio (OR) for all of the biological age indicators, namely biological age assessed via KDM (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.60-0.79), PA (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73-0.97), and HD (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76-0.98). Additionally, RCS analysis revealed a nonlinear association between DI-GM and biological age. Mediation analysis showed that the body mass index (BMI) partly mediated the association between DI-GM and biological age. Therefore, we concluded that a higher DI-GM score is associated with a lower risk of accelerated aging, with BMI mediating this association. Future research should validate these findings through the use of longitudinal studies.

Higher levels of plasmatic saturated fatty acid were significantly associated with liver fibrosis in HIV mono-infection: A case-control study

BackgroundThe relationship between plasmatic fatty acid (FA) composition and liver fibrosis remains scarce in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). We aimed to evaluate the association of plasmatic FAs and liver fibrosis in HIV mono-infected individuals. MethodsThis case-control study included PLWHA with liver fibrosis (cases) and randomly selected subjects without fibrosis (controls) from the PROSPEC-HIV study (NCT02542020). Participants with viral hepatitis, abusive alcohol consumption and lipid supplements use were excluded. Liver fibrosis was defined using transient elastography (TE) by liver stiffness measurement (LSM) ≥ 7.1 kPa or ≥ 6.2 kPa with M or XL probe, respectively. All HIV mono-infected participants with liver fibrosis identified at the baseline PROSPEC-HIV visit were included. Controls (1:1) were randomly selected among those HIV mono-infected participants without liver fibrosis. Plasmatic FA profile, dietary lipid intake, anthropometric measures, and blood samples were assessed. Plasmatic fatty acid was analyzed using gas chromatography and intake of fats lipids were assessed by two 24-h dietary recall (24-HDR). Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted by age, sex at birth and duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) were performed. ResultsA total of 142 participants (71 cases and 71 controls) [62 % female, median age = 46 (IQR, 37–53) years, 14.8 % with diabetes, median CD4 count = 655 cells/mm3, 96.5 % under ART] were included. Higher percentages of plasmatic palmitc acid (16:0) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) were observed in participants with liver fibrosis (cases) compared to those without (controls). Presence of higher percentage of plasmatic palmitc acid (16:0) was associated with an increased odds for liver fibrosis [adjusted OR = 1.23 (95%CI 1.04–1.46); p = 0.02] in multivariate models. ConclusionThis study showed the potential role of the plasmatic FA composition in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis in PLWHA.