24-hour Urinary Excretion Levels Research Articles

Chronological Trends in Clinical and Urinary Metabolic Features over 20 Years in Korean Urolithiasis Patients.

Urolithiasis is common and is becoming more prevalent worldwide. This study assessed the chronological trends in clinical and urinary metabolic features over 20 years in Korean urolithiasis patients. We performed a retrospective analysis of 4,076 patients treated at our clinic from 1996 to 2015. Urinary metabolic data and stone analysis data were available for 1,421 and 723 patients (34.9% and 17.7%), respectively. Patients were categorized into 4 groups according to the date of initial diagnosis: group 1 (1996–2000, n = 897), group 2 (2001–2005, n = 1,018), group 3 (2006–2010, n = 1,043), and group 4 (2011–2015, n = 1,118). Incidental detection of uric acid renal stones has become more prevalent in the past 10 years, accompanied by an increase in body mass index and age at diagnosis. Similarly, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and of hypertension increased from one group to the next throughout the study period. Levels of 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium, calcium, uric acid, and oxalate have decreased significantly over the study period. The incidence of urinary metabolic abnormalities also showed an identical tendency. The proportion of stones composed of uric acid increased over the study period. In conclusion, incidental detection of uric acid renal stones has become more prevalent in Korea in the past 20 years. Urinary excretion of lithogenic constituents and the incidence of urinary metabolic abnormalities have decreased significantly over this period.

Validity of a self-administered food frequency questionnaire in the 5-year follow-up survey of the JPHC Study Cohort I to assess sodium and potassium intake: comparison with dietary records and 24-hour urinary excretion level.

We compared the intake levels of sodium and potassium assessed with a self-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used in a 5-year follow-up survey of the JPHC study and 28-day dietary record (DR), and the corresponding two 24-hour urinary excretion levels (32 men and 57 women) in 3-areas, i.e., Ninohe, Yokote, and Saku Public Health Center areas. The Spearman rank correlation coefficients between dietary sodium assessed with FFQ and the urinary excretion for crude values were 0.24 and -0.10 in men and women, respectively. After adjusting for energy and creatinine, the sodium correlation coefficients were 0.35 and 0.25 in men and women, respectively. The correlation coefficients for crude potassium values were 0.18 and -0.13 in men and women, respectively. After adjusting for energy and creatinine, the potassium correlation coefficients were 0.48 and 0.18 in men and women, respectively in conclusion, a weak correlation was observed both for sodium and potassium after energy and creatinine adjustment in men, whereas no meaningful correlation was observed in women.

Dietary sodium, potassium, saturated fat, alcohol, and stroke mortality.

Although positive relationships between blood pressure, dietary sodium, and stroke risk have been reported, studies on the relationship between dietary sodium and stroke mortality are scarce. A significant relationship between dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) and stroke risk has not been reported in epidemiological studies. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary sodium and SFA together with dietary potassium, alcohol, and stroke risk. The sex- and age-specific stroke mortality rates (log-transformed) for the age classes 45 to 54, 55 to 64, and 65 to 74 years for the period between 1986 and 1988 were obtained from World Health Organization statistics. The 24-hour urinary excretion levels of sodium (U-Na) and of potassium (U-K), dietary SFA intake levels, and alcohol consumption levels were obtained from dietary surveys performed in 17 countries. The relationships between stroke mortality and the dietary variables were examined by Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. The highest degree of correlation, both in Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis, was found between U-Na and log-stroke mortality (P < .01 to P < .001). In multiple regression analysis, U-Na (P < .01 to P < .001), SFA (P < .05 to P < .01), and alcohol (P < .05) independently, significantly, and positively correlated with log-stroke mortality rates, and U-K correlated negatively (P < .05). The exceptions were SFA in both sexes in the age class 45 to 54 years, alcohol in both sexes in the age class 45 to 54 years and in women in the age class 55 to 64 years, and U-K in women in the age class 65 to 74 years. These results suggest that dietary factors, especially sodium and SFA, are of primary importance as determinants of stroke mortality at the population level.

Phosphaturia in Thalassemia

Thirteen phosphorus balances were performed in four thalassemic children aged 6 to 10 years. No correlation was found between phosphorus intake and serum level or between phosphorus intake and net absorption. There was a positive correlation among daily phosphorus intake, net absorption, and 24-hour urinary excretion. The 24-hour urinary excretion level was higher than net absorption, indicating that these children have normal phosphorus absorption but abnormally high renal phosphaturia, which leads to a deficiency of phosphorus. A strongly positive correlation was found between values for hemoglobin and serum alkaline phosphatase. In the thalassemic patients with hemoglobin levels larger than or equal to 7.5 gm/100 ml, the serum alkaline phosphatase values were larger than or equal to 15 King-Armstrong units, suggesting normal osteoblast function.

Catecholamines and indoleamines in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Several studies have raised the question of abnormal biogenic amine metabolism in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). A small group of DMD patients and controls were screened for abnormalities in systemic biogenic amine metabolism in a carefully controlled clinical environment The mean 24-hour urinary excretion levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were identical in the group of DMD patients compared to their normal sibling controls. In the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 5-HIAA and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels were similar in DMD patients and controls, and no 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was detected in the CSF of either group. This study suggests that the characteristic lesions of DMD do not result from a simple excess of circulating amines.

NORMAL CREATININE AND HYDROXYPROLINE EXCRETION IN YOUNG PERSONS

Normal standards are presented for the 24-hour urinary excretion levels of creatinine and total hydroxyproline in young people aged 11-18 years on a collagen-free diet. Creatinine excretion is related to age in adolescence and hence probably reflects muscle mass, whereas the total hydroxyproline excretion seems to be closely related to growth velocity.