1st Day Research Articles

P-005 Could early life stress be related to the hippo signaling pathway in rat testis?

Abstract Study question Is there a change in the Hippo signaling pathway in the rat testis exposed to early life stress for 14 days in the postnatal period? Summary answer It was observed that the YAP and p-YAP signaling levels decreased in rats exposed to early-life stress when compared to the control groups. What is known already Hippo signaling pathway has been reported that it participates in many events such as cell division, proliferation, differentiation, and programmed cell death. YAP (Yes-Associated Protein) and p-YAP (phospho-YAP) are the main components of this pathway. Deterioration in sperm production and decreasing the serum testosterone levels were observed in rats exposed to stress stimulation in literature. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these problems in the male reproductive system caused by stress have not yet been elucidated. Study design, size, duration 180-minute maternal deprivation and isolation model was applied to the early-life stress group (ELS) every day between the 1st and 14th postnatal day. Tail blood was collected before and after stress conditions on 14th postnatal day. Serum corticosterone levels were detected. On the 14th day, the control and ELS groups were sacrificed and the testicles were placed in appropriate fixatives. Participants/materials, setting, methods In total of 10 newborn Wistar albino male rats were used. Two groups were formed as Control (n = 5) and ELS (n = 5) groups. On postnatal 14th day, the groups were sacrificed. For immunohistochemical analyses, testis were taken into buffered formalin, paraffin blocks were made and the sections were taken. ELISA kit was used for serum corticosterone level. Main results and the role of chance The post-stress serum corticosterone levels of the ELS group were found to be significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.05). At least 60 seminiferous tubules were evaluated for immunohistochemical analyzes in the testis. H-score evaluation was applied. It was determined that YAP and p-YAP expressions decreased in the ELS group when compared to control group (p < 0.05) on the 14th postnatal day when mitosis and proliferation are high in testis cell groups. In addition the seminiferous tubule diameter was smaller in the experimental group. As we conducted in the literature research, stress conditions were generally based on adult subjects. There are insufficient data on the effects of stress on the testis in the early postnatal periods. This suggests that stress created in the early period may cause various defects as the cells enter the adult period. Limitations, reasons for caution This study was performed in vivo rat model in the postnatal 14th days. In further studies, groups including the adulthood period will be added. Wider implications of the findings After the 14th day of the postnatal period day, the blood-testis barrier is formed and spermatogenesis processes begin. Any defect that occurs in this day can cause problems in sperm development. This study can bring a new perspective to researching the effects of stress on testis in prepubertal period. Trial registration number not applicable

Predictive value of plasma exosome count for the prognosis in septic patients

To investigate the predictive value of plasma exosome count for the prognosis of patients with sepsis. A prospective observational study was conducted. The patients with sepsis admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Zhejiang Hospital from November 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled as the study subjects. On the 1st day of admission to the ICU, the patient's gender, age, underlying disease, infection site, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and severity scores were recorded, and venous blood was taken for detecting the blood routine, blood biochemistry, and procalcitonin (PCT), and arterial blood was taken for blood gas analysis, simultaneously, the patient's noradrenaline (NA) dosage was recorded. On the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th day of ICU admission, plasma exosomes were extracted, and the number of exosomes was detected by nanoparticle tracking analyzer. The endpoint of observation was the death of the patient 28 days after admission to the ICU. The differences in baseline data and plasma exosome counts of patients with different 28-day prognosis were analyzed and compared. The Spearman correlation method was used to analyze the correlation between plasma exosome counts and other clinical indicators. Binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the 28-day death risk factors of septic patients. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was plotted to analyze the predictive value of each index on the 28-day death of septic patients. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the 28-day survival curve. A total of 26 patients with sepsis were enrolled, of whom 21 survived and 5 died on the 28th day. Compared with the survival group, the patients in the death group had lower MAP, higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, white blood cell count (WBC), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and worse oxygenation. The plasma exosome count on the 1st day of ICU admission in the death group was significantly higher than that in the survival group (×1015/L: 16.96±9.11 vs. 5.20±2.42, P < 0.05). Subsequently, the plasma exosome counts in both groups continued to decrease, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the plasma exosome count on the 1st day of ICU admission in septic patients was significantly positively correlated with SOFA score, APACHE II score, blood lactic acid (Lac), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and NA dosage (r values were 0.572, 0.585, 0.463, 0.411, 0.696, all P < 0.05), and it significantly negatively correlated with MAP and oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2; r values were -0.392 and -0.496, both P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that plasma exosome count on the 1st day of ICU admission was an independent risk factor for 28-day death in septic patients [odds ratio (OR) = 1.385, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.075-1.785, P = 0.012]. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of plasma exosome count on the 1st day of ICU admission for predicting 28-day death in septic patients was 0.800 (95%CI was 0.449-1.000); when the optimal cut-off value was 14.50×1015/L, the sensitivity was 80.0% and the specificity was 100%. According to the optimal cut-off value of 1-day plasma exosome count, the patients were divided into two groups for Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis, and the results showed that the cumulative survival rate of patients with plasma exosome count < 14.50×1015/L was significantly higher than that of patients with plasma exosome count ≥ 14.50×1015/L (Log-Rank test: χ 2 = 19.100, P < 0.001). The plasma exosome count of septic patients is significantly increased on the 1st day of admission to the ICU, which is related to the severity, and can predict the risk of death at 28 days.

The mutual effect of progesterone and vitamin D in an animal model of peripheral nerve injury.

Experimental and clinical studies have shown the potential role of progesterone in relieving neural injury. In addition, emerging data on vitamin D, a steroid hormone, have shown its neuroprotective properties. This study was designed to evaluate the mutual effect of vitamin D and progesterone on neuropathic pain (NP) in male rats. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) was induced by inserting four ligatures around the sciatic nerve. Hyperalgesia and allodynia (cold and mechanical) were considered positive behavioral scores of NP. After surgery, Sprague Dawley male rats (weighing 200-250 g) were assigned into 7 groups. Vitamin D (250 and 500 units/kg/day, i.p.) and progesterone (4 and 6 mg/kg/day, i.p.) were injected from the 1st day after CCI which continued for 21 days. Moreover, one group received the co-administration of vitamin D (500 units/kg/day, i.p.) and progesterone (6 mg/kg/day, i.p.) from the 1st day until the 21st post-CCI day. Behavioral tests were performed on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days. Daily supplementation with vitamin D (250 and 500 units/kg) did not alter nociception. Progesterone (4 and 6 mg/kg/day) was ineffective on thermal hyperalgesia. In the allodynia test, progesterone significantly decreased pain-related behaviors. The co-administration of vitamin D (500 units/kg/day) with progesterone (6 mg/kg/day) significantly relieved thermal hyperalgesia. Finally, the combination significantly decreased cold and mechanical allodynia. This study showed the mutual effect of progesterone and vitamin D on NP for the first time. Hyperalgesia and allodynia were significantly relieved following co-administration of vitamin D and progesterone.

Study of the epithelial state of the oral mucosa in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis

Relevance. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common diseases affecting the oral mucosa. It is characterized by the recurrent appearance of ulcers (aphthae) and a prolonged course with periodic exacerbations.Purpose. To study the condition of the oral mucosa epithelium in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis undergoing treatment with antiseptics and reparative agents.This study examined samples of buccal epithelium from 64 patients, who were randomly divided into two equal groups: the first group used chlorhexidine as a mouthwash (control group); the second group used octenidine + phenoxyethanol for 7 days. For pain relief, patients in both groups applied a gel containing lidocaine + chamomile extract. After 7 days, the therapy continued with reparative agents (a hydrogel-based material with sodium alginate, Derinat, and lidocaine, deproteinized calf blood extract, and sea buckthorn oil). Each group was further divided into three subgroups for this part of the therapy. The condition of the buccal epithelium was assessed three times: before treatment, on the 7th day, and on the 21st day of therapy. Buccal epithelium preparations were prepared and analyzed using standard methods.Results. The analysis of cytogenetic and karyological indicators of buccal epithelial cells in patients with CRAS revealed that, at the peak of the inflammatory process, cells with micronuclei and various forms of nuclear protrusions were more frequently observed. During therapy, there was a notable reduction in buccal epithelial cells exhibiting these pathological features.Conclusion. Before therapy, patients with RAS exhibited cytogenetic instability and various karyological anomalies in the buccal epithelial cells of the oral mucosa. These anomalies included significantly higher occurrences of micronuclei, karyopyknosis, karyolysis, nuclear vacuolization, intercellular bridges, and chromatin condensation. During the different therapy regimens for RAS, normalization of the epithelial state of the oral mucosa was observed, with the most pronounced improvements seen with the use of octenidine + phenoxyethanol in combination with a hydrogel-based material containing sodium alginate, Derinat, and lidocaine.

Resveratrol as modulator of PSA-NCAM expression in the hippocampus of diazinon-injured rat fetuses

Polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) is expressed in the developing central nervous system (CNS) and plays an important role in neurogenesis. Organophosphorus (OP) toxins, including diazinon (DZN), cause oxidative stress (OS) and damage the CNS. Resveratrol (RV), with its antioxidant effect, leads to the reduction of OS. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of the effect of RVon the expression of PSA-NCAM in the hippocampus (HPC) of rat fetuses treated with DZN. In this study, 24 female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 6): Control, DZN (40 mg/kg), RV(10 mg/kg), and DZN + RV(40 mg/kg + 10 mg/kg) after confirming they were pregnant. On the 21st day of pregnancy, the mother mice were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine, and the fetuses were removed; after anesthesia, their brains were removed for immunohistochemistry and western blot (WB) technique. The results of the study showed that in the group receiving DZN, the level of PSA-NCAM protein expression decreased significantly compared to the control group, and the group receiving RV with its antioxidant property increased the expression of PSA-NCAM protein compared to the DZN group. All in all, the exposure of pregnant mice to DZN causes disorders in the CNS, especially the level of PSA-NCAM protein expression in the HPC of fetuses, and the use of RV as an antioxidant by pregnant mothers neutralizes the effects of DZN in the HPC of their fetuses.

The hormonal profile in women using combined monophasic oral contraceptive pills varies across the pill cycle: a temporal analysis of serum endogenous and exogenous hormones using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy.

Oral contraceptive pills, of all types, are used by approximately 151 million women worldwide; however, a clear understanding of the concentrations of endogenous and exogenous hormones across a 28-day combination monophasic oral contraceptive pill pack is not well described. In our study of 14 female participants taking various combination monophasic oral contraceptive pills, we found significant fluctuations in endogenous and exogenous hormone levels throughout the pill cycle. Our analysis revealed significantly greater levels of ethinyl estradiol on the 20th and 21st days of active pill ingestion, compared with days 1-2 (active) and days 27-28 (inactive pill ingestion). Conversely, estradiol concentrations decreased during active pill consumption, while progestin and progesterone levels remained stable. During the 7 days of inactive pill ingestion, estradiol levels rose sharply and were significantly higher at days 27-28 compared with the mid and late active phase time points, while ethinyl estradiol declined and progestin did not change. These findings challenge the previous assumption that endogenous and exogenous hormones are stable throughout the 28-day pill cycle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The results from this study have wide-ranging implications for research and treatment in women's health including considerations in research design and interpretation for studies including women taking oral contraceptives, the potential for more precise and personalized methods of dosing to reduce unwanted side effects and adverse events, and the potential treatment of a variety of disorders ranging from musculoskeletal to neurological with exogenous hormones.

Can Pseudotumor Cerebri be an Initial Sign of Cortical Venous Thrombosis?

Abstract The case report describes a very unusual case of a 30-year-old female with the clinical history of a 3 months progressively worsening headache, occasional blurred vision, diplopia, and vomiting. She had taken hormonal drugs for a few gynecology complaints. Neutral eye movements showed bilateral lateral rectus palsies, and there was bilateral papilledema. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and venogram were normal in the 1st day of disease onset. He was started on steroids but had an exacerbation of symptoms. A diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) was given, and he underwent a lumbar–peritoneal shunt procedure for the relief of intracranial pressure. The papilledema became almost normal. In the postoperative period, she developed hypertension, change in mental status, seizures, after which ventilation was instituted. A computed tomography scan of the brain done in emergency found a parieto-occipital hemorrhage. A repeat MRI and MR venogram done on the patient confirmed cortical venous thrombosis (CVT). The patient was given heparin and was thereafter mechanically ventilated for 3 days and taken off the tube. This case report brings out the problems of diagnosis and the possibility of PTC and CVT in this patient. Although not commonplace, other research has included and documented that PTC may be an indication of the onset of CVT. The precise relationship between cortical vein thrombosis and pseudotumor cerebri remains unclear. However, it is thought to be partially influenced by risk factors such as hormonal fluctuations, which were present in our case, as well as hypercoagulation and inflammation. Our patient first presented with symptoms that are characteristic of PTC, which gave preliminary indication of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. However, the progress of seizures allowed us to consider the diagnosis of CVT. The normal initial MRI findings presented in our patient are compatible with other case reports; MRI may not be sufficiently specific to identify CVT during initial presentation.

Four-handed Technique for Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: An Italian Experience.

In our previous article, we proposed the novel four-handed technique (FHT) for total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH), which, according to us, is more helpful compared to the traditional TLH route. The objectives of the study were to analyze the FHT-TLH feasibility and efficiency by comparing some surgical outcomes recorded from 750 FHT-TLH performed in our hospital to literature data about the traditional TLH route and to underline the great opportunity this novel technique offers to the young specialists and residents to be more confident with gynecological laparoscopy. This was a retrospective analysis carried out by collecting data regarding patient characteristics and surgical outcomes (operative time, blood loss, surgical complications, use of analgesics, and length of hospitalization) from 750 hospital records of women who underwent FHT-TLH (with or without adnexectomy) due to benign or malignant pathology from January 2015 to December 2021 at our hospital. We performed a total of 750 FHT-TLH, with or without adnexectomy. The mean skin-to-skin operative time for a FHT-TLH was 50 min, and the mean blood loss was 150 mL. No visceral damage was caused during surgeries. Only two patients underwent exploratory laparotomy with total abdominal hysterectomy due to the inability to proceed laparoscopically. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were administered only twice a day as analgesics, with advantage. The mean length of stay in the hospital after the procedure was 1.5 days, with discharge on the evening of the 1st day after surgery. No major postoperative complications occurred. The only minor postoperative complication described, in just three patients, was cellulitis of the vaginal vault. Our FHT-TLH experience represents an alternative to the traditional TLH route, which allows to apply a minimally invasive approach with some advantages for patients compared to the traditional TLH route, such as early recovery and reduced operating time, blood loss, use of analgesics, and hospital stay. Moreover, it allows young specialists and residents to be more confident with gynecological laparoscopy, particularly when operating as the first assistant, to improve their laparoscopic surgical skills faster than the traditional TLH route allows them.

Identification and quantification of flavonoids in edible dock based on UPLC-qTOF MS/MS and molecular networking

Edible dock, also known as Rumex patientia L.×Rumex tianschanicus A. LOS., exhibiting the characteristics of high yield, high protein and high nutrition, is widely used in the functional food industry and Chinese herbal medicine while short of secondary metabolites research. This study used UPLC-qTOF MS with two ion polarity in conjunction with Molecular Networking from Global Natural Products Social (GNPS) platform. Then, these 16 flavonoid substances including quercetin derivatives and kaempferol derivatives, firstly were identified from leaves in edible dock and were systematically investigated by UPLC-qTOF MS/MS. MS/MS experiments found that quercetin derivatives have five common characteristic ions, including m/z 300, m/z 271, m/z 255, m/z 243, and m/z 151. In addition, kaempferol derivatives have three common characteristic ions, including m/z 284, m/z 255, and m/z 227. Subsequently, 7 representative constituents were quantified via UPLC-QQQ MS with chemometrics, and the total content of 7 major flavonoids in its dry leaves is 6.988 mg/g in the 21st day samples. The work provided abundant metabolites information of flavonoids in edible dock, and the common characteristic ions will facilitate the building blocks-based molecular network (BBMN) to predict novel framework compounds from quercetin derivatives and kaempferol derivatives, laying the basis for exploitation of edible dock in the fields of pharmaceuticals, health food, and livestock feed.

Study to estimate the NIHS score and volume of stroke in predicting 30-day mortality in acute ischemic stroke patients

Background. Stroke is defined as a sudden onset of a neurological deficit attributed to a focal vascular cause. It is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity all over the world. The present study aimed to estimate the NIHS score and volume of stroke in predicting 30-day mortality in acute ischemic stroke patients. Material and methods. The present study was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in 100 patients above 18 years old, of either gender, with symptoms of stroke for less than 24 hours, diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke based on history, physical examination, CT scan and/or diffusion weighted MRI scan performed during the first 24 hours. Results. In the present study, the mean age was 57.4±13.36 years. The volume of stroke on 1st day was 40.75±38.51, and on 30th day it was reduced to 31.94±33.20 which was statistically significant. NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) score on day 1 was 9.70±5.22, and on day 30 it was 7.77±5.25, with a statistically significant difference (p=0.000). At the end of the 30 days, 10% mortality was observed. NIHSS score and volume of stroke were significantly associated with the 30-day outcome. Conclusion. In conclusion, integrating NIHSS scoring and stroke volume assessment into routine clinical practice enhances predictive accuracy for 30-day mortality in acute ischemic stroke patients. These findings advocate for early intervention strategies aimed at reducing stroke volume and improving neurological outcomes. Further research is recommended to validate these findings across diverse populations and settings, potentially refining acute stroke management protocol.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ART THERAPY UPON STRESS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN A SELECTED COMMUNITY, BENGALURU, KARNATAKA

Background: Pregnancy is defined as the period from conception to birth. After the egg is fertilized by a sperm and then implanted in the lining of the uterus, it develops into the placenta and embryo and later into foetus. Pregnancy usually lasts for 40 weeks, beginning from the 1st day of the womens last menstrual period and lasting for 3 months. The changes observed in the system from conception to pregnancy, are principally the following namely- amenorrhoea, morning sickness, fatigue, heart burn, increased salivary discharge, occasionally depravity of appetite , headache, irritability of temper, the pressure of increasing pregnancy, protrusion of umbilicus, sometimes, varicose, swellings of the lower extremities, the breast also enlarge, an areola or brown circle is observed around the nipples and a secretion of lymph, composed of milk and water takes place. There had been over 30 million women who have experienced pregnancy and 27 millions have live births in a whole year in India. It also has been estimated that about 21 million girls aged between 15-19 years in developing regions become pregnant and approximately 12 million of them give birth. Stress can be defined as a state of worry or mental tension caused by a difficult situation. Stress is a natural human response that prompts us to address challenges and threats in our lives. It usually happens when a person is in a situation that he or she do not feel like they can manage or control. Stress in pregnancy may lead to higher blood pressure. This puts the pregnant women at risk of serious increased blood pressure, called pre-eclampsia, preterm birth and having a low birth weight infant. Stress may also affect how someone respond to certain situations. There are various reasons which can results stress among pregnant woman. Methods: This chapter deals with the description of research methodology. It is most important in research as it is the framework in conducting study. It indicates general pattern for organizing the procedure together valid and reliable data for investigations. It includes research designs, population and sample, sampling technique, inclusion and exclusion criteria, instruments, data collection and methods of data collection procedure and data analysis plan. Results: Through this study we came to the conclusion that the maximum samples or the pregnant women had somewhat recovered from their increasing level of stress by the interventions of art therapy that was provided to them for fifteen days and also the mean value of the pretest and the post test score is 20.01 and 14.4, respectively.

Validated Chromatography Method for Analysis of Formaldehyde Migration Levels in Bottled Drinking Water

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is utilized in the containment of potable water, nonetheless, it is susceptible to impairment due to temperature and duration of storage. Migration of formaldehyde from PET arises as a consequence of thermal deterioration. This study aims to ascertain the extent of formaldehyde transference in PET-contained drinking water of varying condition, subjected to diverse temperature setting and storage durations. An examination into the levels of formaldehyde migration in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottled drinking water was effectively carried out employing a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. A total of 162 water samples from three different PET bottled water brands sourced from supermarkets in Palu City, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, underwent analysis. The formaldehyde assessment was executed utilizing a mobile phase composition of methanol:acetonitrile:water (48:12:40 v/v) for 12.97 minutes at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/minute on the 1st day, the 14th day, and the 42nd day while stored at room temperature and exposed to sunlight. Formaldehyde, lacking effective chromophoric entities and not readily ionizable, necessitated derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine before HPLC analysis. The findings of the study demonstrated exceptional method linearity within the concentration span of 0.5 to 1321 µg/mL, exhibiting a commendable correlation coefficient of 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were determined to be 17.33 and 57.76 µg/mL, correspondingly. Precision evaluations displayed average intraday and interday values of 128.46±3.48% and 103.19±0.12%, respectively (%RSD &lt; 2/3 CV Horwitz ratio). The intraday and interday %recovery values were computed at 97.22±3.48% and 96.83±0.14% (n = 6). The scrutiny of formaldehyde concentrations in the water samples unveiled the absence of formaldehyde migration.

Assessment of Complete Remission Rate in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Undergoing 7+3 Induction Chemotherapy

Acute leukemia is a fast-growing, overpopulated clone of immature proliferating cells that largely predominate in the bone marrow and have the capacity to prolong life indefinitely. Upon inspection and cytologic assessment of bone marrow or peripheral blood, the cells demonstrate quantified uncertainties. Objective: To determine the frequency of complete remission after induction 7+3 chemotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Methods: The nature of this study was cross sectional study at Department of Oncology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, and Islamabad from 26 November, 2022 to 26 May, 2023. The hospital’s laboratory fulfilled the complete blood count and provided the confirmed baseline bone marrow biopsy reports. All patients who were admitted received treatment with a 7+3 regime, a standard treatment protocol for all the adolescents and adults admitted. Every patient was prescribed for 7+3 induction therapy regimen which consists of 200 mg/m2 cytarabine for seven days and idarubicin for three days, 12 mg/m2 on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day. Results: The complete remission estimated turns out to be 61.1% and rest need further treatment. The average age of the patients was 48.56 ± 6.91 years. The mean BMI stood at 24.46 ± 1.49 kg/m2. gender wise, 74 were male and 21 were female. Our mean CR was 61.1% that is 58 participants all the complete demographic is available. Conclusions: This study revealed a Complete Remission (CR) rate of 61.1% in patients with AML undergoing 7+3 induction chemotherapy. However, our findings suggest that older age is associated with lower CR rates, highlighting the need for tailored treatment strategies that balance efficacy with the potential risks of intensive therapies in this population.

무성서원 院規의 유래와 내용상의 특징

In this paper, the origin and characteristics of the academic regulations of Museong Seowon, which are currently included in the 1884 and 1936 edition of the Seowon historical Book, were examined. According to this, the academic regulations of Museong Seowon, which is currently handed down, was made based on “Seoksil Seowon Hakkyu” by Kim Won-haeng (1702~1772). Accordingly, in this paper, I first examined why the academic regulations of Museong Seowon was established with Kim Won-haeng's “Seoksil Seowon Hakkyu” as the original. In this regard, this paper paid attention to the fact that Kim Won-haeng was appointed as the third director of Pilam Seowon in a similar location in the same Jeolla-do area in 1762 (Yeongjo 38). Regarding the characteristics of the contents of the academic regulations of Museong Seowon, this paper reviewed two main points. First, I examined how Toegye Yi Hwang (1501~1570)'s “Isanwongyu” clause 6, which says, “Books cannot go out of the gate of Seowon,” was adopted as a rule of Museong Seowon, and I examined how important and difficult the management of books of Museong Seowon had been at that time. Second, I reviewed the reasons why articles 2 and 21 among Seoksil Seowon Hakkyu, which are provisions on the appointment of the director and reading activities on the academic regulations held on the 1st and 15th day of every month were not adopted as the academic regulations of Museong Seowon, even though they were the basic provisions for the education and operation of Seowon. According to the paper's consideration, the reason why the two provisions of Seoksil Seowon Hakkyu were not adopted as the academic regulations in Museong Seowon seems to be because Museong Seowon was in such a difficult situation that there was no director until 1871 and the memorial service for spring and fall was not properly held. On the other hand, it can be interpreted as evidence that the academic regulations of Museong Seowon were not simply followed by Seoksil Seowon Hakkyu, but were made based on a cool self-awareness of the reality of the Museong Seowon.

Heterosis and combining ability for phenological yield and fiber traits of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes

The seeds of 4 lines, 3 testers, and their 12 F1 hybrids were sown in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications at Botanical Garden, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam during Kharif 2019. F1 hybrids were raised for the estimation of heterotic effects, GCA and SCA for days to 1st squaring, days to 1st boll formation Bolls opened at 90 days after sowing, Sympodial branches plant-1, Bolls plant-1, Boll weight (g), Seed cotton yield plant-1 (g), 100-seed weight (g), Ginning outturn (%) and staple length (mm). Genotypes, parents, crosses, parent's v/s crosses, lines, testers and line × testers were significant for days to 1st squaring and days to 1st boll forming. Bolls unveiled their fissures precisely 90 days post-sowing, while parameters including sympodial branches per plant, bolls per plant, individual boll weight, seed cotton yield per plant, 100-seed weight, ginning outturn, and staple length underwent meticulous evaluation. The statistical scrutiny unveiled the insignificance of both lines and testers concerning the 90-day boll dehiscence. Similarly, the parental influence on boll weight, 100-seed weight, and staple length exhibited a lack of statistical significance. Line CRIS-134, Sindh, and tester FH-901 gave a higher mean performance for all the traits. Among the hybrids, Mehran × FH-901, Sindh-1 × CIM-602, CRIS-134 × CIM-602, CRIS-342 × Koonj, and CRIS-342 × CIM-602 gave a desirable mean performance and heterotic effect for all the traits. CRIS-342 × Koonj produced maximum SCA effects for bolls per plant. Mehran × FH-901 recorded higher SCA effects for seed cotton yield plant-1 and 100-seed weight, CRIS-342 × CIM-602 for lint percentage, and CRIS-342 × FH-901 for staple length. It is suggested that these lines and testers should be utilized in the breeding program to improve these traits.

Evaluation of tentative and research activity in rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis against the administration of cell-free cryopreserved biological agents

Background. Today, 20,924 people with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) live in Ukraine. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (AEM) is a classical model of MS in laboratory animals. As a new strategy for the treatment of MS, our attention was drawn to the use of modern biotechnological means that do not contain cells – placenta cryoextract (CEP), spleen cryoextract (CES) and conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-CM). Purpose – to characterize the tentative research activity of rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis against the background of the introduction of cell-free cryopreserved biological agents (CEP, CES and MSK-CM). Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on 42 non-linear laboratory male rats weighing 200–220 g. AEM was modeled by injecting rats with an encephalitogenic emulsion subcutaneously at the base of the tail at a dose of 1.0 ml/kg of body weight. Encephalitogenic emulsion for rats was prepared according to the method by O.O. Nefiodov and al. (2017). The emulsion consisted of Сomplete Freund’s Аdjuvant (CFA) and allogeneic brain homogenate in a 1:1 ratio. AEM treatment was carried out from the 12th to the 20th day of the experiment. CcEP, CES and MSC-CM were administered every other day intramuscularly (a total of 5 injections), on days 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20, respectively. The glucocorticoid methylprednisolone (MP) was used as a reference drug. Behavioral responses of animals were studied in the «open field» test. To study behavioral reactions, rats were placed in the center of a square platform one by one, and behavioral reactions were recorded for 3 minutes, which were calculated as the sum of episodes by activity type: motor activity (number of squares entered by the animal); exploratory activity (total number of rear-limb climbs and number of peeks and/or sniffs at «burrows»). Results. It was established that the introduction of an encephalitogenic emulsion from an allogeneic brain homogenate and CFA in a ratio of 1:1 led to pronounced disorders of orientation-research activity in rats on the 12th day of the experiment. The development of AEM in rats was accompanied by pronounced disorders of orientation and research activity. On the 12th day of the experiment, a statistically significant (p = 0.009) decrease in motor activity by 78.8% and a statistically significant (p ˂ 0.01) decrease in exploratory activity of rats with AEM by 78.0% relative to baseline values were observed. On the 21st day of the experiment, the rats of the control group with AEM without treatment showed a relative regression of disorders of orientational research activity, however, the studied indicators remained significantly lower than their initial values. The analysis of the recovery of motor activity on the 21st day of the experiment in rats with AEM showed that the most clearly indicated indicator increased against the background of five-time introduction of MSC-CM (р ˂ 0.01), and the least (p ˂ 0.01) motor activity was restored in rats, which was administered CES. A study of the research activity of rats with AEM showed that the introduction of the studied biological drugs led to the restoration of the indicated spectrum of activity in rats on the 21st day of the experiment. It was found that MSC-CM and CES exceeded the effectiveness of MP in terms of the ability to restore the research activity of rats with AEM, which may indicate not only their anti-inflammatory activity, but also a possible neuroprotective effect on the model of the studied autoimmune neurodegenerative disease. Conclusions. According to the ability to restore locomotor activity (% of changes in the indicator at 21 days compared to the indicator at 12 days) in AEM in rats, the investigated cell-free cryopreserved biological agents can be arranged in the following sequence: MSC-CM (368.6%) ˃ CEP (286.1%) ˃ CES (102.0%). According to the ability to restore research activity in rats with AEM on the 21st day of the experiment, the investigated cell-free cryopreserved biological agents can be placed in the following sequence (% changes in the indicator on the 21st day relative to the indicator on the 12th day): MSC-CM (347.1%; p ˂ 0, 01) ˃ CES (186.2; p ˂ 0.01) ˃ CEP (131.8%; p ˂ 0.01).

Study of Influence of Various Methods of Intraoperative Keratoprotection on Morphological and Functional State of Ocular Surface System in Early Period after Phacoemulsification in Senile Cataract

Purpose: to study the effect of various methods of intraoperative keratoprotection on morphological and functional state of ocularsurface system (OSS) in early period after phacoemulsification (PE) in senile cataract (SC). Patients and methods. 240 patients (240 eyes) who applied for surgical treatment of SC. Age: 65 ± 4 years. 109 men, 131 women. All patients were divided into three observation groups according to the method of intraoperative keratoprotection: 1st group — 60 patients, corneal irrigation with balanced solution; 2nd group — 60 patients, ophthalmic viscosurgical device was applied to the cornea; 3rd group: 3a subgroup — 60 patients, soft contact lens (SCL) was applied to the cornea; subgroup 3b — 60 patients, SCL impregnated with riboflavin solution was applied to the cornea. In addition to the standard ophthalmological examination, Schirmer I test, OCT-scanning were performed, and tear breakup time (TBUT) was determined. Results. Operations were performed without complications. On the 1st day after the operation, the parameters of the Schirmer I test were higher in the eyes of 1st and 2nd groups. On the 5th day after the operation, tear production decreased sharply in all eyes. On the 10th day, an increase in tear production was observed in all groups, the maximum increase — in 3b subgroup. On the 1st day after the operation, TBUT decreased in all examined eyes. The largest significant TBUT decrease was noted in 1st group, the smallest — in 3b subgroup. On 1st day, corneal epithelial thickness (CET) decreased in all eyes, the maximum decrease was detected in 1st group. On the 5th day, CET continued to decrease in all eyes, the minimum decrease occurred in the 3b subgroup. On the 10th day — a decrease in CET in all groups with minimal significant dynamics in 3b subgroup. Conclusion. The study showed that the state of OSS in the early period after PE in SC depends on the method of intraoperative keratoprotection. The most optimal method of intraoperative protection of corneal epithelium and prevention of negative morphological and functional state of OSS after PE in SC is using of SCL impregnated with riboflavin.

Morphological characteristics of the stromal-parenchymatous component of the liver of fetal and newborn developed under the conditions of maternal hypertension disease

Background. Extragenital pathology of the mother can cause various changes in the body of the newborn, which in the future are the cause of violations in physical and mental development, and also causes an increase in somatic and infectious diseases in such children. Therefore, timely diagnosis of liver diseases in newborns and young children remains an urgent problem today. Purpose – the article is devoted to the study of the morphological features of the stromal-parenchymal component of the liver of fetuses and newborns that developed under conditions of maternal hypertension. Materials and Methods. Research was conducted on liver preparations of fetuses and newborns who died at the age of 37 weeks of gestation – the 1st day of postnatal life. All the studied material was divided into two groups. The control group (group K) included fetuses and newborns from healthy mothers (18 cases) who died due to acute disruption of umbilical-placental circulation and birth trauma. The comparison group (group C) consisted of 36 fetuses and newborns from mothers with stage II hypertension. The obtained micropreparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, picrofuchsin according to the van Gizon method, and according to the Mallory method. The parenchymal, stromal, and vascular components were calculated as a percentage, and then the stromal-parenchymal ratio was calculated. Results. The results we obtained during the conducted research indicated that the influence of chronic intrauterine hypoxia, which developed against the background of stage II hypertensive disease in the mother, leads to the development of destructive-dystrophic changes in the liver tissue of fetuses and newborns. Chronic intrauterine hypoxia with maternal arterial hypertension leads to parenchymal losses and has a pronounced stimulating effect on the stromal component of the liver, and this can lead to a significant decrease in the functional activity of the liver under the influence of certain triggers and increases the risk of developing liver failure and liver cirrhosis in the future. Conclusions. During our research, it was established that chronic intrauterine hypoxia, which develops against the background of stage II hypertensive disease in the mother, leads to the development of significant destructive-dystrophic changes in the liver tissue of fetuses and newborns. There is a decrease in the volume of the parenchyma due to the volume of hepatocytes and an increase in the volume of the stroma with vessels due to the volume of the portal tracts (11.2 ± 2.2% compared to the control – 3.4 ± 0.3%), the volume of the central veins (12.9 ± 1.3% compared to the control – 9.4 ± 0.4%), the volume of sinusoids (13.3 ± 1.1% compared to the control – 11.3 ± 0.8%). It was established that the morphological changes described by us in the liver of fetuses and newborns in the subsequent ontogenesis may become a prerequisite for the development of hepatobiliary system pathology in such children.

Analysis of the Perioperative Course of Cardiac Surgery Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Valve Dysfunction

The aim. To analyze the perioperative course of cardiac surgery patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart valve dysfunction. Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of 41 consecutive cardiac surgery patients (mean age 61.6 ± 7.8 years) with CAD and heart valve dysfunction who were operated on and discharged from the National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. All the patients underwent standard clinical and laboratory examinations, coronary angiography, on-pump cardiosurgical intervention. Results. The patients were divided into three subgroups: patients with post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) combined with insufficiency of atrioventricular valves, n = 15 (36.6%); those with ischemic mitral insufficiency (MI), n = 11 (26.8%); and patients with CAD combined with aortic valve disease, n = 15 (36.6%). During echocardiographic study, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction was found in patients with LVA and with ischemic MI: 33 ± 6.4% and 39.4 ± 7.8%, respectively, and in patients with aortic valve disease, left ventricular ejection fraction averaged 48.2 ± 9.9% (p &lt; 0.0001). According to the EuroSCORE II scale, the average risk was 11.8 ± 7.3%. All the patients were discussed by the heart team to choose the optimal method of cardiosurgical correction. In order to reduce the ischemic time, off-pump coronary bypass surgery was performed at the first stage, and the second stage was on-pump correction of valvular dysfunction. The average number of grafts was 2.8 ± 1.4, but the largest number of grafts was in the subgroup of ischemic MI: 4 ± 0.9 (p &lt; 0.005). Mitral valve replacement in patients with LVA was performed through LVA in 12 patients. Acute heart failure, acute renal failure often developed in patients after correction of ischemic MI (p &lt; 0.005). On the 1st day after the operation, there was an increase in average glucose values from 6.6 ± 2.8 to 10.3 ± 2.9 mmol/L (p &lt; 0.0001), a decrease in glomerular filtration rate from 72.1 ± 15.3 to 57 ± 18.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 (p = 0.0001), the above indicators returned to the initial level at discharge (p &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions. Off-pump myocardial revascularization in patients with CAD and dysfunction of the heart valves can significantly reduce the ischemic time. The method of mitral valve replacement through LVA developed in the department allowed to reduce the perfusion time (p = 0.0023) and the duration of the operation (p &lt; 0.005). Preoperative discussion of examination data of patients by the heart team, thorough preparation for cardiac surgery, timely response to changes in laboratory parameters with correction of drug treatment avoid complications.

Evaluation of Cases of Foreign Body Ingestion in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Cats: 12 Cases

In this study, the operative treatment results of foreign body ingestion cases in 12 cats brought to Surgery Clinic of Siirt University Animal Health Practice and Research Hospital with various complaints between 2020 and 2023 were evaluated. As a result of radiographic examination, foreign bodies were detected in the stomachs of 3 patients and in the intestines of 9 patients. In the pre-operative period, the blood parameters of the patients were evaluated and all patients were administered fluid therapy and antibacterial treatment for prophylaxis. The foreign body was removed from the relevant area operatively under general anesthesia. In the post operative period, all patients except 1 (case no: 4) included in the study were hospitalized, and appropriate diet and post-operative care were applied. As a result, 11 (91.66%) of the 12 patients who underwent surgery in the study were discharged between post-operative 11th and 21st days without any complications. In the study, it was concluded that operative treatment was necessary in cases of foreign body ingestion in cats and that post-operative care was of great importance in prognosis.