5-year Relative Survival Research Articles

Survival trends for patients diagnosed with cutaneous malignant melanoma in the Nordic countries 1990-2016: The NORDCAN survival studies

BackgroundThe survival in patients diagnosed with cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) has improved in the Nordic countries in the last decades. It is of interest to know if these improvements are observed in all ages and for both women and men. MethodsPatients diagnosed with CMM in the Nordic countries in 1990–2016 were identified in the NORDCAN database. Flexible parametric relative survival models were fitted, except for Iceland where a non-parametric Pohar-Perme approach was used. A range of survival metrics were estimated by sex, both age-standardised and age-specific. ResultsThe 5-year relative survival improved in all countries, in both women and men and across age. While the improvement was more pronounced in men, women still had a higher survival at the end of the study period. The survival was generally high, with age-standardised estimates of 5-year relative survival towards the end of the study period ranging from 85% in Icelandic men to 95% in Danish women. The age-standardised and reference-adjusted 5-year crude probability of death due to CMM ranged from 5% in Danish and Swedish women to 13% in Icelandic men. ConclusionAlthough survival following CMM was relatively high in the Nordic countries in 1990, continued improvements in survival were observed throughout the study period in both women and men and across age.

Scoping review protocol of post-traumatic growth (PTG) in Korean cancer survivors

IntroductionCancer, a life-threatening chronic disease, is the leading cause of death in Korea, accounting for 27% of all deaths in 2020. Due to advancements in medical technology and early detection...

Penile cancer care in the Netherlands: increased incidence, centralisation, and improved survival.

To evaluate penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) incidence and centralisation trends in the Netherlands over the past three decades, as well as the effect of centralisation of PSCC care on survival. In the Netherlands PSCC care is largely centralised in one national centre of expertise (Netherlands Cancer Institute [NCI], Amsterdam). For this study, the Netherlands Cancer Registry, an independent nationwide cancer registry, provided per-patient data on age, clinical and pathological tumour staging, follow-up, and vital status. Patients with treatment at the NCI were identified and compared to patients who were treated at all other centres. The age-standardised incidence rate was calculated with the European Standard Population. The probability of death due to PSCC was estimated using the relative survival. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate predictors of survival. A total of 3160 patients were diagnosed with PSCC between 1990 and 2020, showing a rising incidence (P < 0.001). Annual caseload increased at the NCI (1% in 1990, 65% in 2020) and decreased at other (regional) centres (99% to 35%). Despite a relatively high percentage of patients with T2-4 (64%) and N+ (33%) at the NCI, the 5-year relative survival was higher (86%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 82-91%) compared to regional centres (76%, 95% CI 73-80%, P < 0.001). Patients with a pathological T2 tumour were treated with glans-sparing treatment more often at the reference centre than at the regional centres (16% vs 5.0%, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, histological grading, T-stage, presence of lymph node involvement and year of diagnosis, treatment at regional centres remained a predictor for worse survival (hazard ratio 1.22, 95% CI 1.05-1.39; P = 0.006). The incidence of PSCC in the Netherlands has been gradually increasing over the past three decades, with a noticeable trend towards centralisation of PSCC care and improved relative survival rate.

Incidence and survival rates of primary cutaneous malignancies in Korea, 1999-2019: A nationwide population-based study.

Primary cutaneous malignancies are among the most commonly diagnosed types of cancer worldwide. We aimed to examine the incidence and 5-year survival rates of all types of primary cutaneous malignancies in the Korean population. Data from the Korean Nationwide Cancer Registry from 1999 to 2019 were analyzed. The crude incidence rates, age-standardized incidence rates, and 5-year relative survival rates of each type of skin cancer were calculated. A total of 89 965 patients were diagnosed with primary cutaneous malignancies, which was a 7-fold increase from 1999 to 2019. The age-standardized incidence rates increased 3.4-fold in basal cell carcinoma (3.7/100 000 person-years), 2.0-fold in squamous cell carcinoma (1.6/100 000 person-years), 12.0-fold in Bowen disease (1.2/100 000 person-years), and 1.8-fold in malignant melanoma (0.7/10 000 person-years) in 2019. Average annual percentage changes in age-standardized incidence rates were statistically significant in basal cell carcinoma (15.8%), Bowen disease (5.8%), squamous cell carcinoma (5.1%), malignant melanoma (1.2%), melanoma insitu (1.1%), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (1.2%), mycosis fungoides (0.5%), primary cutaneous CD30+ T-cell proliferations (0.5%), adnexal and skin appendage carcinoma (0.4%), extramammary Paget's disease (0.2%), and Merkel cell carcinoma (0.2%). The 5-year relative survival rates were the highest in basal cell carcinoma (103.3%), followed by dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (99.7%) and mycosis fungoides (96.6%), and lowest in angiosarcoma (24.7%). The 5-year relative survival rates steadily increased in extramammary Paget's disease (23.6%), cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (21.3%), mycosis fungoides (20.2%), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (18.1%), and malignant melanoma (16.1%) from 1996-2000 to 2015-2019. Most primary cutaneous malignancies have increased in incidence and survival rates in the Korean population, but to varying extents depending on the type of skin cancer.

Lung cancer statistics, 2023.

Despite decades of declining mortality rates, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. This article examines lung cancer incidence, stage at diagnosis, survival, and mortality using population-based data from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Over the past 5years, declines in lung cancer mortality became considerably greater than declines in incidence among men (5.0% vs. 2.6% annually) and women (4.3% vs. 1.1% annually), reflecting absolute gains in 2-year relative survival of 1.4% annually. Improved outcomes likely reflect advances in treatment, increased access to care through the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and earlier stage diagnosis; for example, compared with a 4.6% annual decrease for distant-stage disease incidence during 2013-2019, the rate for localized-stage disease rose by 3.6% annually. Localized disease incidence increased more steeply in states with the highest lung cancer screening prevalence (by 3%-5% annually) than in those with the lowest (by 1%-2% annually). Despite progress, disparities remain. For example, Native Americans have the highest incidence and the slowest decline (less than 1% annually among men and stagnant rates among women) of any group. In addition, mortality rates in Mississippi and Kentucky are two to three times higher than in most western states, largely because of elevated historic smoking prevalence that remains. Racial and geographic inequalities highlight longstanding opportunities for more concerted tobacco-control efforts targeted at high-risk populations, including improved access to smoking-cessation treatments and lung cancer screening, as well as state-of-the-art treatment.

Incidence and survival for childhood cancer by endorsed non-stage prognostic indicators in Australia.

An international expert panel recently recommended 15 'non-stage prognostic indicators' (NSPIs) across eight childhood cancers, classified as essential or additional, for collection in population-based cancer registries. We aimed to describe the incidence distribution and survival of each of these NSPIs. Cases were extracted from the Australian Childhood Cancer Registry. The study cohort (n=4187) comprised all children aged under 15years diagnosed with an eligible cancer between 2010 and 2018, with follow-up until 31 December 2020. NSPI data were collected directly from each patient's medical records. Differences in 5-year relative survival were assessed using multivariable flexible parametric models, adjusted for sex and age group at diagnosis. The availability of data varied, exceeding 85% for all essential NSPIs apart from histologic subtype for Wilms tumours (69%) and lineage for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (78%). Information on additional NSPIs tended to be recorded less often, particularly cytogenetic subtype for non-alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (28%) and astrocytoma (4%). Eight NSPIs exhibited a significant difference in survival, with the largest disparity occurring among children with astrocytoma according to tumour grade (5-year relative survival of 18% for grade IV disease compared with 99% for grade I disease; p<.001). Our findings demonstrate that most of the recommended NSPIs can be retrieved from medical records in Australia in recent years, allowing the capability of assessing survival within patient subgroups of clinical interest. Reporting of NSPI data has the capability to inform local and global understanding of population-level disparities in childhood cancer survival.

Survival of European adolescents and young adults diagnosed with cancer in 2010–2014

BackgroundWe used the comprehensive definition of AYA (age 15 to 39 years) to update 5-year relative survival (RS) estimates for AYAs in Europe and across countries and to evaluate improvements in survival over time. MethodsWe used data from EUROCARE-6. We analysed 700,000 AYAs with cancer diagnosed in 2000–2013 (follow-up to 2014). We focused the analyses on the 12 most common cancers in AYA. We used period analysis to estimate 5-year RS in Europe and 5-year RS differences in 29 countries (2010–2014 period estimate) and over time (2004–06 vs. 2010–14 period estimates). Findings5-year RS for all AYA tumours was 84%, ranging from 70% to 90% for most of the 12 tumours analysed. The exceptions were acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia, and central nervous system tumours, presenting survival of 59%, 61%, and 62%, respectively. Differences in survival were observed among European countries for all cancers, except thyroid cancers and ovarian germ-cell tumours. Survival improved over time for most cancers in the 15- to 39-year-old age group, but for fewer cancers in adolescents and 20- to 29-year-olds. InterpretationThis is the most comprehensive study to report the survival of 12 cancers in AYAs in 29 European countries. We showed variability in survival among countries most likely due to differences in stage at diagnosis, access to treatment, and lack of referral to expert centres. Survival has improved especially for haematological cancers. Further efforts are needed to improve survival for other cancers as well, especially in adolescents.

Survival difference between secondary and de novo acute myeloid leukemia by age, antecedent cancer types, and chemotherapy receipt.

This study compared the survival of persons with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) to those with de novo AML (dnAML) by age at AML diagnosis, chemotherapy receipt, and cancer type preceding sAML diagnosis. Data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 17 Registries were used, which included 47,704 individuals diagnosed with AML between 2001 and 2018. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compare AML-specific survival between sAML and dnAML. Trends in 5-year age-standardized relative survival were examined via the Joinpoint survival model. Overall, individuals with sAML had an 8% higher risk of dying from AML (hazard ratio [HR],1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.05-1.11) compared to those with dnAML. Disparities widened with younger age at diagnosis, particularly in those who received chemotherapy for AML (HR,1.14; 95% CI,1.10-1.19). In persons aged 20-64years and who received chemotherapy, HRs were greatest for those with antecedent myelodysplastic syndrome (HR,2.04; 95% CI,1.83-2.28), ovarian cancer (HR,1.91; 95% CI,1.19-3.08), head and neck cancer (HR,1.55; 95% CI,1.02-2.36), leukemia (HR,1.45; 95% CI,1.12-1.89), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (HR,1.42; 95% CI,1.20-1.69). Among those aged ≥65 years and who received chemotherapy, HRs were highest for those with antecedent cervical cancer (HR,2.42; 95% CI,1.15-5.10) and myelodysplastic syndrome (HR,1.28; 95% CI,1.19-1.38). The 5-year relative survival improved 0.3% per year for sAML slower than 0.86% per year for dnAML. Consequently, the survival gap widened from 7.2% (95% CI,5.4%-9.0%) during the period 2001-2003 to 14.3% (95% CI,12.8%-15.8%) during the period 2012-2014. Significant survival disparities exist between sAML and dnAML on the basis of age at diagnosis, chemotherapy receipt, and antecedent cancer, which highlights opportunities to improve outcomes among those diagnosed with sAML.

Unveiling proteomic diversity: A quantitative study of antibody drug conjugate and chemotherapy targets in gastroesophageal cancer.

261 Background: Gastroesophageal cancer (GEC), is a significant global health concern with a 5-year relative survival of 7% for metastatic GEC. Standard treatments often include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, but their effectiveness can be limited. Chemotherapy is frequently utilized in the treatment of GEC, although no biomarkers for chemotherapy are used in the selection of the chemo agent. There are several well-known biomarkers of resistance and sensitivity for various chemo agents. We used targeted proteomics to quantify protein expression levels of several protein biomarkers associated with chemotherapy efficiency in 125 GEC patients. These include resistance markers for platinum agents (ERCC1), and tubulin inhibitors (TUBB3). It also includes sensitivity markers for irinotecan/topotecan (Topo1), and doxorubicin/etoposide (Topo2A). We also assessed the protein levels of several antibodies-drug conjugate markers (EGFR, Her2, Trop2, FR-alpha, Mesothelin, Axl, CLDN18.2, and Nectin-4). Methods: FFPE tumor tissues from 125 clinical GC patients were microdissected and solubilized for mass spectrometry-based targeted proteomic analysis in our CLIA-certified laboratory. 72 proteins were quantified from 2-3 sections of FFPE tissue. Results: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), taxanes, and platinum agents (such as carboplatin) are among the chemotherapy agents that are frequently used to treat GEC. TYMP, a sensitivity marker for 5-FU, was expressed in 32% of GEC cases. ERCC1, a resistance marker for platinum drugs, was expressed at 34%. Additionally, 48% of GEC exhibited TUBB3, a resistance marker for paclitaxel and docetaxel. Topoisomerase 1 (Topo1) is the target for irinotecan or topotecan, and is also the target for some ADCs (e.g. trastuzumab deruxtecan, sacituzumab govitecan etc.). Topo1 was expressed in 92% of GEC with a 10x range (415 - 4195 amol/μg). Another topoisomerase, Topo2A, targetable by etoposide, epirubicin, and doxorubicin, was expressed in 59% of GEC with 19x range (402-7804 amol/μg). ADC targets, such as EGFR (82% detected with 184x range of distribution), Her3 (18%, 4x), AXL (18%,7x), MET (27%, 19x), and Trop2 (50%, 57x) showed a wide range of protein expression. With a 56x range (318 - 17786 amol/μg), Her2 was found in 46% of GEC, of which 12% of GEC had overexpression of Her2 (&gt;740 amol/μg), suggesting that the majority of GEC has low levels of Her2 (318-690 amol/μg), which is potentially targetable by newer anti-Her2 agents. Conclusions: Every cancer is different, and the ability to quantitate simultaneously 72 protein biomarkers from 2-3 FFPE sections provides a wealth of actionable information that, when combined with other multi-omics biomarker data, will help guide clinical treatment or patient stratification for clinical trials.

APR-246 enhances the anticancer effect of doxorubicin against p53-mutant AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cells

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a disease with a high mortality rate, and the early diagnosis of PC is still challenging. The 5-year relative survival rate remains below 8%, and therapeutic strategies are ineffective at increasing patient survival rates. In PC cells, resistance to treatment has been associated with genetic changes that initiate aberrant developmental signaling pathways; therefore, new strategies for treating PC are warranted. Here, we sought to explore the small molecule p53 reactivator, APR-246, either as a mono-drug or combined with doxorubicin (Doxo) in the p53 mutant (p53-mut) AsPC-1 PC cell line. Cytotoxicity of APR-246 and Doxo was studied alone or in combination with the AsPC-1 cell line with MTT assay. CalcuSyn software was used to calculate the combination index (CI), which was based on the Chou and Talalay technique. Apoptosis was assessed after staining with Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB). Morphological alterations were examined under a 200x magnification by an inverted microscope. Gene expression was quantified using quantitative reverse transcription PCR assay (RT-qPCR). APR-246 alone exhibited modest anti-proliferative effects, while Doxo combined with APR-246 showed synergistic effects associated with morphological change; no more enhanced apoptosis was observed, as supported by NOXA gene levels. In conclusion, APR-246, whether monotherapy or combined with Doxo, was hindering the proliferation of p53-mut AsPC-1 PC cells, and further in vitro and in vivo research is warranted.

Cancer incidence, mortality, and survivorship in African women: a comparative analysis (2016-2020).

This research aims to provide concrete insight into cancer incidence, mortality, and survivorship dynamics among African women between 2016 and 2020. The study computes the Mortality-to-Incidence Ratio (MIR) for 53 countries in Africa with available mortality and incidence data. It uses relevant Life Tables to obtain the 5-year Relative Survival rate for women in different age cohorts based on General Survival Rate and 5-year Cancer Prevalence data from the World Health Organization (WHO). The study performs an analysis of variance tests. The results of the initial data analysis show that women in the top economies in Africa have the highest cancer incidence and mortality. The study also finds that women in Northern and Southern African countries have higher relative survival rates and lower MIR than other African regions. ANOVA results confirm statistically significant differences in 5-year relative survival across the African regions. The relative survival at 5 years was an average of 45% across all age groups within the continent although relative survival is highest among females aged 5-19 and 80-84. The lowest relative survival rates are seen for infants (0-4), adolescents and young adults (25-29), and the very elderly (85+). The study concludes that while cancer incidence in Africa is linked to affluence, survival is very challenging, especially for the least developed economies in Western, Eastern, and Central Africa. The results indicate the need for crucial intervention in the continent concerning awareness, research, and data collection methodology.

Long-term trends of lung cancer incidence and survival in southeastern China, 2011–2020: a population-based study

BackgroundLung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths in China. This study analysed the incidence and survival trends of lung cancer from 2011 to 2020 in Fujian Province, southeast of China, and provided basis for formulating prevention and treatment strategies.MethodsThe population-based cancer data was used to analyse the incidence of lung cancer between 2011 and 2020, which were stratified by sex, age and histology. The change of incidence trend was analysed using Joinpoint regression. The relative survival of lung cancer with onset in 2011–2014, 2015–2017 and 2018–2020 were calculated using the cohort, complete and period methods, respectively.ResultsThere were 23,043 patients diagnosed with lung cancer in seven registries between 2011 and 2020, with an age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of 37.7/100,000. The males ASIR increased from 51.1/100,000 to 60.5/100,000 with an annual percentage change (APC) of 1.5%. However, females ASIR increased faster than males, with an APC of 5.7% in 2011–2017 and 21.0% in 2017–2020. Compared with 2011, the average onset age of males and females in 2020 was 1.5 years and 5.9 years earlier, respectively. Moreover, the proportion of adenocarcinoma has increased, while squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma have decreased over the past decade. The 5-year relative survival of lung cancer increased from 13.8 to 23.7%, with a greater average increase in females than males (8.7% and 2.6%). The 5-year relative survival of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma reached 47.1%, 18.3% and 6.9% in 2018–2020, respectively.ConclusionsThe incidence of lung cancer in Fujian Province is on the rise, with a significant rise in adenocarcinoma, a younger age of onset and the possibility of overdiagnosis. Thus, Fujian Province should strengthen the prevention and control of lung cancer, giving more attention to the prevention and treatment of lung cancer in females and young populations.

Breast cancer survival in India across 11 geographic areas under the National Cancer Registry Programme.

Population-based cancer survival is a key indicator for assessing the effectiveness of cancer control by a health care system in a specific geographic area. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in India, accounting for over one quarter of all female cancers. The objective of this study was to estimate the 5-year survival of female patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer between 2012 and 2015 from the existing Population-Based Cancer Registries (PBCRs) in India. In total, 17,331 patients who had breast cancer diagnosed between 2012 and 2015 from 11 PBCRs were followed until June 30, 2021. Active methods were used to track the vital status of registered breast cancer cases. The study conducted survival analysis by calculating the difference between the date of first diagnosis and the date of death or censoring to estimate observed survival and relative survival using the actuarial survival approach and the Ederer-II approach, respectively. The 5-year age-standardized relative survival (95% confidence interval [CI]) of patients with breast cancer was 66.4% (95% CI, 65.5%-67.3%). Mizoram (74.9%; 95% CI, 68.1%-80.8%), Ahmedabad urban (72.7%; 95% CI, 70.3%-74.9%), Kollam (71.5%; 95% CI, 69.2%-73.6%), and Thiruvananthapuram (69.1%; 95% CI, 67.0%-71.2%) had higher survival rates than the national average. Conversely, Pasighat had the lowest survival rate (41.9%; 95% CI, 14.7%-68.6%). The 5-year observed survival rates for localized, regional, and distant metastasis in the pooled PBCRs were 81.0%, 65.5%, and 18.3%, respectively. The overall disparity in survival rates was observed across 11 PBCRs, with lower survival rates reported in Manipur, Tripura, and Pasighat. Therefore, it is imperative to implement comprehensive cancer control strategies widely throughout the country.

Sex Difference in 5-year Relative Survival Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Survival rates following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) show variability across studies, particularly regarding sex-specific outcomes. Relative survival analysis, which considers survival patterns in sex-and age-matched general populations, could help explain this variability. In a 2011 nationwide South Korean PCI cohort study with 48,783 patients, all-cause death was assessed as the primary outcome over 5 years. Observed and relative survival rates at 5 years conditional on surviving 0 days, 30 days, 1 year, and 2 years were assessed. Sex-specific differences in clinical characteristics were adjusted using propensity score-matching. In the unadjusted analyses, 15,710 females had more cardiovascular risk factors than 33,073 males. Both observed survival (HR 1.28; 95% CI [1.22-1.34]) and relative survival (HR 1.21; 95% CI [1.16-1.27]) were lower in females than males (all p<0.001). In the analyses of 14,454 matched pairs, females showed higher observed survival (HR 0.78; 95% CI [0.74-0.82]), but lower relative survival (HR 1.19; 95% CI [1.13-1.26]), compared to males (all p<0.001). This trend was particularly notable in females aged 60 years or older. These findings persisted in analyses conditional on surviving 30 days, 1 year and 2 years. The adjusted 5-year relative survival of older females was lower than that of age-matched males, highlighting the need for the excessive risk reduction in older females undergoing PCI.

Snake venom bioprospecting as an approach to finding potential anti-glioblastoma molecules.

Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common type of malignant tumor of the central nervous system, responsible for significant morbidity and with a 5-year overall relative survival of only 6.8%. Without advances in treatment in the last twenty years, the standard of care continues to be maximum safe resection, Temozolomide (TMZ), and radiotherapy. Many new trials are ongoing, and despite showing increased progression-free survival, these trials did not improve overall survival. They did not consider the adverse effects of these therapies. Therefore, an increasing number of bioprospecting studies have used snake venom molecules to search for new strategies to attack GB selectively without producing side effects. The present review aims to describe GB characteristics and current and new approaches for treatment considering their side effects. Besides, we focused on the antitumoral activity of snake venom proteins from the Viperidae family against GB, exploring the potential for drug design based on in vitro and in vivo studies. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. In January 2024, a systematic search was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to December 2023. Search terms were selected based on the population/exposure/outcome (PEO) framework and combined using Boolean operators ("AND", "OR"). The search strategy used these terms: glioblastoma, glioma, high-grade glioma, WHO IV glioma, brain cancer, snake venom, Viperidae, and bioprospection. We identified 10 in vivo and in vitro studies with whole and isolated proteins from Viperidae venom that could have antitumor activity against glioblastoma. Studies in bioprospecting exploring the advantage of snake venom proteins against GB deserve to be investigated due to their high specificity, small size, inherent bioactivity, and few side effects to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the tumor microenvironment.

Trend Analysis of Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Xiamen (2011-2020).

To analyze the trends of lung cancer incidence and mortality in Xiamen from 2011 to 2020 and provide some clues for the lung cancer prevention and control. The data was obtained from the Xiamen City Cancer Register in Fujian Province, China. The data was updated on Sep 30, 2023. The codes of C33-C34 were used to identify the lung cancer. The newly diagnosed lung cancer patients during the period of 2011-2020 in Xiamen City were included in the evaluation of incidence and mortality and Cox analysis. A total of 11408 lung cancer patients were enrolled. The crude incidence rate was 52.78 per 100000 and the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIWR) was 40.67 per 100000 from 2011 to 2020. Both the crude incidence rate of lung cancer (AAPC =5.92, P value <0.001) and ASIWR (AAPC = 4.93, P value <0.001) showed increasing trends. The crude incidence rate in female increased 4.90 times faster as that in male (AAPC: 12.34/2.52). The crude mortality rate and the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMWR) were 37.25 per 100000 and 28.30 per100000. The 5-year age-standardized relative survival rate (ARS) was 18.62% (95% CI: 17.63-19.67%). The 5-year ARS was higher in women than men (26.35% vs 15.28%) and higher in urban than rural areas (21.44% vs 11.96%). Patients with lower education levels had significantly lower ARS than those with higher education (14.66% vs 31.53%). The 5-year ARS improved notably from 2016-2020 compared to 2011-2015 (22.23% vs 13.21%). Farmers had the lowest ARS among occupations [13.34% (95% CI:11.93-14.92%)]. There were all increasing trends in 1-year, 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year ARS rates between 2011 and 2020 (all P values of AAPC<0.05). Lung cancer incidence in Xiamen increased, while mortality decreased with improved survival. Developing more perfect need to consider the differences in the social environment and other factors.

Evaluation and Prediction Analysis of 3- and 5-Year Relative Survival Rates of Patients with Cervical Cancer: A Model-Based Period Analysis.

Cervical cancer remains a threat to female health due to high mortality. Clarification of the long-term trend of survival rate over time and the associated risk factors would be greatly informative to improve the prognosis of cervical cancer patients. This retrospective study was based on data extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of the United States. The 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates of patients with cervical cancer during 2002-2006, 2007-2011, and 2012-2016 were analyzed. Period analysis was used to assess the variation in survival rate stratified by age, race, and socioeconomic status during the 15-year study period and then predicted the relative survival rate in the following period from 2017 to 2021. During 2002-2016, the 3-year relative survival rate of cervical cancer patients increased from 73.1% to 73.5% with a high jump between 2007 and 2011. This upward trend is expected to continue to 74.3% between 2017 and 2021. Patients older than 60 years, black ethnicity, or medium and high poverty status were likely to have a lower relative survival rate. This study confirmed the increased relative survival rate of cervical cancer patients over years and identified relevant risk factors. Targeted initiatives for elderly and socially underprivileged individuals may be able to mitigate inequality.

An invasion front gene expression signature for higher-risk patient selection in stage IIA MSS colon cancer.

Stage II colon cancer (CC) encompasses a heterogeneous group of patients with diverse survival experiences: 87% to 58% 5-year relative survival rates for stages IIA and IIC, respectively. While stage IIA patients are usually spared the adjuvant chemotherapy, some of them relapse and may benefit from it; thus, their timely identification is crucial. Current gene expression signatures did not specifically target this group nor did they find their place in clinical practice. Since processes at invasion front have also been linked to tumor progression, we hypothesize that aside from bulk tumor features, focusing on the invasion front may provide additional clues for this stratification. A retrospective matched case-control collection of 39 stage IIA microsatellite-stable (MSS) untreated CCs was analyzed to identify prognostic gene expression-based signatures. The endpoint was defined as relapse within 5 years vs. no relapse for at least 6 years. From the same tumors, three different classifiers (bulk tumor, invasion front, and constrained baseline on bulk tumor) were developed and their performance estimated. The baseline classifier, while the weakest, was validated in two independent data sets. The best performing signature was based on invasion front profiles [area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) = 0.931 (0.815-1.0)] and contained genes associated with KRAS pathway activation, apical junction complex, and heme metabolism. Its combination with bulk tumor classifier further improved the accuracy of the predictions.

Survival analysis of haematologic neoplasms in children and adolescents: a population-based study in a state of the Brazilian Legal Amazon.

To estimate the survival patterns of childhood leukaemias and lymphomas in Mato Grosso between 2001 and 2017. Retrospective population-based cohort study, with case information extracted from the population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) of Mato Grosso for the period 2001-2017. Cases aged 0-19 years diagnosed with microscopically confirmed leukaemias or lymphomas were eligible. Five-year relative survival was calculated using the Eldererer II method, considering the interval between diagnosis and death, loss to follow-up or censoring, after passive follow-up in the mortality information system. Cases registered only by death certificate were excluded. 510 cases of leukaemia were analysed, with a predominance of males (56.1%) and an age range of 0-4 years (34.9%). The 5-year relative survival rate was 77.3% (95% CI: 73.6;80.9). As for lymphomas, there were 261 cases, predominantly in males and in the age group 5-9 years. The 5-year relative survival rate was 84.7% (95% CI: 78.3;88.9), with a better prognosis for females and 87.7% (95% CI: 80.8;95.1) in the 5-9 years age group. The relative survival rates of childhood leukaemia and lymphoma in the state of Mato Grosso were lower than those of developed countries. The importance of early diagnosis and timely treatment for better outcomes is highlighted. The importance of using and continuously improving the quality of information from PBCRs in the state of Mato Grosso is highlighted.

Cancer survival analysis on population-based cancer registry data in Zhejiang Province, China (2018–2019)

ObjectiveThis is a comprehensive overview of long-term cancer survival in Zhejiang Province, China. Hybrid analysis, a combination of cohort and period analysis, has been proposed to derive up-to-date cancer survival estimates. Using this approach, we aimed to timely and accurately analyze the 5-year relative survival (RS) and net survival (NS) in cancer registries of Zhejiang Province, China. MethodsA total of 255,725 new cancer cases diagnosed during 2013–2017 were included in 14 cancer registries in Zhejiang Province, China, with a follow-up on vital status until the end of 2019. The hybrid analysis was used to calculate the 5-year RS and 5-year NS during 2018–2019 for overall and stratifications by sex, cancer type, region, and age at diagnosis. ResultsDuring 2018–2019, the age-standardized 5-year RS and NS for overall cancer in Zhejiang was 47.5% and 48.6%, respectively. The age-standardized 5-year RS for cancers of women (55.4%) was higher than that of men (40.0%), and the rate of urban areas (49.7%) was higher than that of rural areas (43.1%). The 5-year RS declined along with age, from 84.4% for ages <45 years to 23.7% for ages >74 years. Our results of the RS and NS showed the similar trend and no significant difference. The top five cancers with top age-standardized 5-year RS were thyroid cancer (96.0%), breast cancer (84.3%), testicular cancer (79.9%), prostate cancer (77.2%), and bladder cancer (70.6%), and the five cancers with the lowest age-standardized 5-year RS were pancreatic cancer (6.0%), liver cancer (15.6%), gallbladder cancer (17.1%), esophageal cancer (22.7%), and leukemia (31.0%). ConclusionsWe reported the most up-to-date 5-year cancer RS and NS in Zhejiang Province, China for the first time, and found that the 5-year survival for cancer patients in Zhejiang during 2018–2019 was relatively high. The population-based cancer registries are recognized as key policy tools that can be used to evaluate both the impact of cancer prevention strategies and the effectiveness of health systems.