2-ethyl-1-hexanol Research Articles

Extraction of Glucose by Supported Liquid Membrane using Polyethersulfone Flat Sheet Membrane Support

Sugar is released during biomass hydrolysis together with unwanted inhibitory compounds such as acetic acid, furfural and hydromethylfurfural. The extraction of particular sugar prior to fermentation process is needed in order to increase the yield of biofuel generated from biomass resources. In the current study, glucose was extracted from the aqueous solution using supported liquid membrane (SLM) system. Polyethersulfone (PES) flat sheet membrane support was fabricated using 15 wt.% PES, 42.5 wt.% DMAc and 42.5 wt.% PEG 200. Liquid membrane was formulated using 2-ethyl hexanol and methyl cholate as solvent and carrier, respectively. The effect of several parameters involved in SLM system such as type of diluent and flowrate of feed and stripping phase on the extraction performance of glucose were studied. About 52.77% of glucose was successfully extracted from aqueous solution using SLM system with 0.01M of methyl cholate in 2-ethyl hexanol. Using simulated biomass hydrolysate solution, almost 54.55% of glucose and 51.08% of xylose were successfully extracted using the SLM system.

Investigation of effect of surfactants on the hydrophobicity of low rank coal by sliding time measurements

In this paper, effect of surfactants on the hydrophobicity of low rank coal particles by sliding time measurements was investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) analysis indicated that the surfaces of low rank coal particle consisted of many hydrophilic functional groups. It was observed that the sliding time of low rank coal particles in 2-ethyl hexanol solution was the shortest than that of low rank coal particles in dodecyl amine hydrochloride (DAH) and sodium dodecyle sulfate (SDS) solutions. Moreover, the maximum touching angle (θT) of low rank coal particles observed in 10−2 mol/L of 2-ethyl hexanol solution was about 80°, which was the greatest than that of low rank coal particles, about 39° in 10−3 mol/L of DAH and 35° in 10−4 mol/L of SDS solutions, respectively. Therefore, the sliding time results indicated that the hydrophobicity of low rank coal was enhanced by 2-ethyl hexanol and DAH and reduced by SDS. However, it was noted that the hydrophobicity of low rank coal was depressed when the DAH concentration increased to 10−2 mol/L. The flotation performances were consistent with the results of sliding time measurements. Therefore, effect of surfactants on the hydrophobicity of low rank coal particles can be characterized by sliding time measurements.

Effect of coagulation bath temperature during preparation of PES hollow fiber supported liquid membrane for acetic acid removal

<p>Acetic acid is a byproduct of acid hydrolysis of biomass during sugar recovery step in biofuel production. Acetic acid can inhibit the enzyme used during fermentation of sugar to the ethanol. Hollow fiber supported liquid membrane (SLM) was used in this study to remove acetic acid from aqueous solution. Liquid membrane was formulated using trioctylamine and 2-ethyl hexanol as a carrier and solvent, respectively. The hollow fiber membrane support was prepared from 15 wt.% polyethersulfone, 42.5 wt.% polyethyleneglycol 200 and 42.5 wt.% dimethylacetamide. The effect of coagulation bath temperature (CBT) at 30<sup>º</sup>C, 40<sup>º</sup>C and 50<sup>º</sup>C during hollow fiber membrane spinning process was investigated. The porosity of the membrane increased as the CBT increased. The porosity of the membrane prepared using CBT of 30ºC, 40<sup>º</sup>C and 50<sup>º</sup>C were 35.7%, 46.7% and 61.6%, respectively. SLM process using hollow fiber membrane prepared at 50ºC of coagulation bath was able to remove 52% of acetic acid from the aqueous solution.</p><p>Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 118-122</p>

Aroma characterization of grape juice enriched with grapevine by-products using thermomaceration

The need to reuse grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) by-products avoiding negative environmental impact demands the search for new valorization methods like thermomaceration. The combination of grapevine by-products and grape must may be an alternative to get hold of additional aroma. The objective of this study was to assess the aroma potential of grape pomace, grapevine leaves and canes for Pais (PA) and Lachryma Christi (LC) cultivars to enrich grape must. Fifty aroma compounds were identified in the samples using stir bar sorptive extraction followed by thermal desorption, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. ‘Pais’ must showed high contents of esters with a characteristic fruity odor, while benzenoids prevail in LC must giving a phenolic, balsamic odor. Thermomaceration increased contents of 13 free and bound volatile compounds, as well as new compounds (isoeugenol, phenol, vanillin and 2-ethyl hexanol) appeared in enriched juice (EJ). Cluster analysis showed differences among PA, LC and EJ samples. Principal component analysis was successfully applied to discriminate grape juice samples (p < 0.05) being D-limonene, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural and hexadecanoic acid the compounds that contributed most to the differentiation and increase of free and hydrolyzed aroma compounds after thermomaceration. Both grape-grapevine by-products and juice processing conditions affected the generation and increase of free and bound aroma compounds after thermomaceration of grape must.

Thermodynamic Functions for Solubility of 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole in Sixteen Solvents at Temperatures from (278.15 to 313.15) K and Mixing Property of Mixtures

Solubility of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole in 16 neat solvents including methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, acetone, butanone, isoamyl alcohol, n-hexanol, n-heptanol, isooctyl alcohol, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, 1,4-dioxane, and toluene was measured using the method of isothermal saturation over a temperature range from (278.15 to 313.15) K under atmospheric pressure (101.1 kPa). The mole fraction solubility of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole in the selected solvents increased with an increase of temperature. They followed the order from high to low in studied neat solvents: DMF > DMSO > ethanol > n-propanol > isopropanol > methanol > butanone > acetone >1,4-dioxane > n-heptanol > n-hexanol > isoamyl alcohol > isooctyl alcohol > ethyl acetate > acetonitrile > toluene. The obtained solubility data of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole in the studied solvents were correlated with the λh equation, modified Apelblat equation, and NRTL and Wilson models. The largest valu...

Enhanced dissipation of DEHP in soil and simultaneously reduced bioaccumulation of DEHP in vegetable using bioaugmentation with exogenous bacteria

The widely used plastic film containing di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in agriculture has caused serious soil pollution and poses risks to human health through the food chain. An effective DEHP degradation bacteria, Microbacterium sp. J-1, was newly isolated from landfill soil. Response surface methodology was successfully employed for optimization resulting in 96% degradation of DEHP (200 mg L−1) within 5 days. This strain degraded DEHP by hydrolysis of the ester bond and hydroxylation of the aromatic ring to form 2-ethyl hexanol, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, phthalate acid, and protocatechuic acid, and subsequently transformed these compounds with a maximum specific degradation rate (q max), half-saturation constant (K s ), and inhibition constant (K i ) of 1.46 day−1, 180.2 mg L−1, and 332.8 mg L−1, respectively. Bioaugmentation of DEHP-contaminated soils with the strain J-1 greatly enhanced the DEHP dissipation rate (~88%). Moreover, this strain could efficiently colonize the rhizosphere soil of inoculated vegetables and further enhanced DEHP degradation (~97%), leading to a significant decrease (>70%) in DEHP accumulation in shoots and roots of the inoculated vegetables compared to uninoculated vegetables. The results highlighted the roles of the inoculated exogenous bacteria in simultaneously bioremediating contaminated soils and reducing bioaccumulation of DEHP in the edible part of the vegetable for food safety.

A novel carbon aerogel prepared for adsorption of copper(II) ion in water

A novel carbon aerogel with network pore and surface group of hydroxyl was prepared from cellulose colloid, through sol-gel reaction, freeze-drying and carbonization. Surfactant like isooctyl alcohol ether phosphate was taken as structure inducer in sol-gel reaction, for construction of porous network in the prepared samples. Characteristic of a specific area about 725.12 m2/g and total pore volume about 0.64 cm3/g, the prepared cellulose-based carbon aerogel of CCA2, has a maximum capacity about 55.25 mg/g for Cu2+ in neutral aqueous solution. Its adsorption equilibrium can be reached within 10 min in an aqueous solution of pH7.0 at 25 °C, while desorption of Cu2+ need about 1 h eluted by HCl or HNO3 solution of 0.01 M. And regeneration of the carbon aerogel in adsorption of Cu2+ can be repeated for five times, remaining 96% adsorption capacity. It is also found in adsorption process the kinetics nicely follows pseudo-second-order rate expression, and the isotherm fits Langmuir model.

Comparative study of arsenic(V) removal from aqueous solution using Aliquat-336 and 2-ethyl hexanol through emulsion liquid membrane

One of the concerns of the world today is the contamination of water bodies by arsenic. Emulsion liquid membranes (ELM) resemble a promising alternative to the current separation processes, demonstrating various points of interest in terms of effectiveness, selectivity, and operational expenses. For the design of emulsion liquid membrane, the most significant step toward productivity is the selection of the surfactant and its concentration. In this work, emulsion liquid membrane was used to remove As(V) from aqueous solution. The emulsion was prepared with the help of Aliquat-336 or 2-ethyl hexanol as extractant, kerosene as a diluent and Span-80 as an emulsifying agent. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was used as an internal phase. It was found that extraction performance of Aliquate-336 is 78.45% whereas 2-ethyl hexanol is 87.5%. This indicates that 2-ethyl hexanol is better extractant in comparison to Aliquate-336. The surface tension value of membrane phase has also been studied to analyze the effect of extraction rate.

Cracking and healing in poly(methyl methacrylate): effect of solvent

In this work, the solvent-induced structural changes of PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)) are studied via desorpon of methanol in 2-ethylhexyl alcohol. The desorption of methanol from PMMA specimens causes the shrinking (mass loss) and cracking of the PMMA specimens. The crack density of the cracks induced by the methanol desorption increases with the increase of the immersion time and temperature and approaches plateau. The absorption-induced crack healing of the cracked PMMA specimens is observed via absorption of methanol, resulting in the increase in tensile strength. The cracked PMMA specimens immersed in methanol at higher temperatures have higher tensile strength than at lower temperatures due to the healing of more cracks. The possibility of introducing functional particles, such as quantum dots, into PMMA through absorption-induced migration of particles has been demonstrated via the absorption-induced embedment of carbon particles in the cracked PMMA.

Optimization of key aroma compounds for dog food attractant

Although several investigations devoted to dog food attractants (DFAs) have been conducted, these studies fell short in identifying the key aroma compounds that could improve the palatability performance of pet foods. The aim of this study was to identify the key aroma compounds in the DFA using headspace-solid phase micro-extraction, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) analysis. Seven DFAs with different aroma compounds obtained by Maillard reaction were employed in the study. A total of 53 aromatic compounds were identified categorized as follows: 7 alcohols, 11 aldehydes, 4 ketones, 4 organic acids, 7 esters, 2 ethers, 10 heterocycle compounds, 4 phenols, 2 terpenes and 2 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Eight adult beagle dogs were used for the preference test (two-pan test) and acceptance test (one-pan test) to rank these seven DFAs. PLSR was performed to correlate the instrumental data with the preference results. Twenty-three aroma compounds of hexanoic acid, acetaldehyde, heptanone, butyl hexanoate, heptyl formate, methyl pyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, 2-heptanone, pentanal, ethyl decanoate, heptanal, octanal, pentanol, acetone, ethyl caprylate, 3-methyl butanal, anisole, 2-ethyl hexanol, 2-pentyl furan, 2,3-butanediol, benzaldehyde, ethyl vanillin and vanillin correlated with the preference data. Benzaldehyde, vanillin and 2, 5-dimethyl pyrazine were added to dry dog foods in order to validate the PLSR results. The presence of three aroma compounds significantly increased the preferences of the samples (dry dog foods). The validation study involving the three compounds suggests that the 23 compounds selected by the PLSR model are aroma compounds which influence palatability. Therefore the manipulation of these flavor compounds could improve the palatability of dog foods.

Synthesis of a New Titanate Coupling Agent for the Modification of Calcium Sulfate Whisker in Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Composite.

A new titanate coupling agent synthesized from polyethylene glycol (PEG), isooctyl alcohol, and phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) was used for the modification of calcium sulfate whiskers (CSWs) and the preparation of high-performance CSW/poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) composites. The titanate coupling agent (sTi) and the modified CSWs (sTi–CSW) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and heat resistant properties and thermostability of sTi–CSW/PVC and CSW/PVC composites were compared. The results show that sTi–CSW/PVC composite with 10 wt. % whisker content has the best performance, and its tensile strength, Young’s modulus, elongation at break, break strength, and impact strength are 67.2 MPa, 1926 MPa, 233%, 51.1 MPa, and 12.75 KJ·m−2, with an increase of 20.9%, 11.5%, 145.3%, 24.6%, and 65.4% compared to that of CSW/PVC composite at the same whisker content. As the whisker content increases, the storage modulus increases, the Vicat softening temperature decreases slightly, and the glass transition temperature increases at first and then decreases.

Alcoholysis of Starch to Produce Alkyl Polyglycosides with Sub‐Critical Isooctyl Alcohol

AbstractAlkyl polyglycosides are a type of green non‐ionic surfactants, and are synthesized from starch and isooctyl alcohol with a new eco‐friendly one‐step sub‐critical alcoholysis with the temperature ranging from 240 to 320 °C and autogenous pressure. Yellow alkyl polyglycosides were obtained through the oxidative decoloration of alcoholysis products at a temperature 80 °C for 2 h with a 5 % weight content of hydrogen peroxide. The alkyl polyglycoside product was determined to be isooctyl glucoside with HPLC, IR and NMR. The CMC and HLB of the produced isooctyl glucoside were 2.5 g/L and 17, respectively. With the weight ratio of isooctyl alcohol to starch at 10, a temperature of 260 °C and a reaction time of 2 h, the yield of isooctyl glucoside can attain 132.21 % versus a theoretical yield (defined as the final mass of isooctyl glycoside/initial mass of starch) of 183 %.

Electromembrane extraction using two separate cells: A new design for simultaneous extraction of acidic and basic compounds.

Simultaneous extraction of acidic and basic analytes from a sample is seen to be a challenging task. In this work, a novel and efficient electromembrane extraction (EME) method based on two separate cells was applied to simultaneously extract and preconcentrate two acidic drugs (naproxen and ibuprofen) along with a basic drug (ketamine). Once both cells were filled with the sample solution, basic drug was extracted from one cell with the other cell used to extract acidic drugs. The employed supported liquid membranes for the extraction of acidic and basic drugs were 2-ethyl hexanol and 1-octanol, respectively. Under an applied potential of 250 V in the course of the extraction process, acidic, and basic drugs were extracted from a 3.0 mL aqueous sample solution into 25 μL acceptor solutions. The pH values of the donor and acceptor solutions in the cathodic cell were 5.0 and 1.5, respectively, the corresponding values in the anodic cell were, however, 8.0 and 12.5, respectively. The rates of recovery obtained within 20 min of extraction time at a stirring rate of 750 rpm ranged from 45 to 54%. With correlation coefficients ranging from 0.990 to 0.996, the proposed EME technique provided good linearity over a concentration range of 20-1000 ng/mL. The LOD for all drugs was found to be 6.7 ng/mL, while reproducibility ranged from 7 to 12% (n = 5). Finally, applying the proposed method to determine and quantify the drugs in urine and wastewater samples, satisfactory results were achieved.

2-Ethylhexanol Derivatives as Nonionic Surfactants: Synthesis and Properties.

The synthesis and basic properties of 2-ethylhexanol based innovative nonionic surfactants are described in this paper. 2-Ethylhexanol as an available and relatively inexpensive raw material was used as the hydrophobe source modified by propoxylation and followed by polyethoxylation. As the result, six series of 2-ethylhexyl alcohol polyalkoxylates (EHPmEn) were obtained with three steps of propoxylation, each followed by polyethoxylation and two series only with polyethoxylation (EHEn). Two different catalysts were used, a dimetalcyanide and KOH. Values of average conversion rates and chemical content of the obtained products (GC, TG and GPC techniques) were compared. The influence of the applied catalyst and polyaddition degree on the homologue distribution, reactant conversion and amount of byproducts is discussed. The basic physicochemical parameters including refractive index, solubility in polar media, foaming properties and wettability were investigated and compared. Furthermore, surface activity parameters, i.e. surface tension (γCMC) and critical micelle concentrations were determined. Results are compared to C12–14 alcohol ethoxylates (LaEn). Accordingly, it was found that the studied 2-ethylhexyl alcohol based compounds are effective, low foaming nonionic surfactants.

Volatile organic compound emissions from an engine fueled with an ethanol-biodiesel-diesel blend

With the advent of energy crisis, vehicle engines need alternative energy sources eagerly to supply power. Ethanol-biodiesel-diesel blends are considered to be effective solutions. One way is diesel engines burning blended fuels. Diesel engines exhaust many kinds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) when mixed fuels burn in them. Extremely poisonous as these VOCs are, they can cause severe damage to the natural environment as well as human health. To explore the characteristics of the unregulated emissions produced by diesel engines and then to limit them, research and studies should be conducted. The research in this paper used a single-cylinder diesel engine and a chromatograph mass spectrometer to investigate 9 kinds of VOCs (benzene, toluene, n-butyl acetate, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, m-xylene, styrene, o-xylene, n-undecane) emissions of ethanol-biodiesel-diesel (EBD) and diesel (D). The solid phase adsorption-thermal desorption-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) had an advantage in measuring and analyzing VOC emissions, so it was used for investigating the total emissions of 9 kinds of VOCs. Based on the standard curves of VOCs, the GC/MS computed the peak area of each VOC and realized the quantitative analysis of target compounds. By the calculating equation of VOC specific emissions and other test parameters (exhaust flow, engine power, dilution ratio, test time), the test got VOC specific emissions of two different fuels under different operating conditions. The test selected five typical conditions to collect exhaust when burning EBD and D. EBD contained 10 vol. % ethanol, 30 vol. % biodiesel, 55 vol. % diesel, 2.5 vol. % n-butyl alcohol and 2.5 vol. % iso-octyl alcohol, which had strong stabilities and good economy. From the analysis of the test results of VOC emissions, it was found that EBD increased total emissions by 84.2% at rated power but decreased by 14.85% at 10% load and by 20.39% at 50% load compared with diesel. But under other test conditions, VOC emissions with EBD were lower than diesel. VOC emissions of the two fuels were mainly benzene and toluene at medium and high load, which increased up to 47.4%. Emissions of other components increased at low load. In general, it was possible to decrease VOC emissions at medium or low loads when the diesel engine was fueled with EBD. The ozone specific reactivities (SR) of the engine exhaust for the two test fuels were approximately the same for the selected operating conditions. The SRs of EBD were a bit lower than D at medium and low loads. EBD had an advantage relative to VOC emissions which was found mainly at medium and low loads. This study is valuable for contributing to the building of a VOC emissions standard and for demonstrating the potential benefit of substitute fuels in reducing VOCs.

Electromembrane extraction through a virtually rotating supported liquid membrane.

Electromembrane extraction (EME) of model analytes was carried out using a virtually rotating supported liquid membrane (SLM). The virtual (nonmechanical) rotating of the SLM was achieved using a novel electrode assembly including a central electrode immersed inside the lumen of the SLM and five counter electrodes surrounding the SLM. A particular electronic circuit was designed to distribute the potential among five counter electrodes in a rotating pattern. The effect of the experimental parameters on the recovery of the extraction was investigated for verapamil (VPL), trimipramine (TRP), and clomipramine (CLP) as the model analytes and 2-ethyl hexanol as the SLM solvent. The results showed that the recovery of the extraction is a function of the angular velocity of the virtual rotation. The best results were obtained at an angular velocity of 1.83 RadS(-1) (or a rotation frequency of 0.29 Hz).The optimization of the parameters gave higher recoveries up to 50% greater than those of a conventional EME method. The rotating also allowed the extraction to be carried out at shorter time (15 min) and lower voltage (200 V) with respect to the conventional extraction. The model analytes were successfully extracted from wastewater and human urine samples with recoveries ranging from 38 to 85%. The RSD of the determinations was in the range of 12.6 to 14.8%.

식물유 기반 에스토라이드 합성 및 윤활 특성

Several researches are focused on improving the value of fine chemicals based on biomass resources due to environmental and other concerns associated with the use of petroleum-based products. Therefore, the syn- thesis and application of estolides derived from plant-based waste oil materials and their application as lubricants and as processing oil for butyl rubber products have been studied. Four kinds of estolide were prepared with con- versions of 71~92% over 24h using various vegetable oils, as determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. FT-IR spectroscopy determines the esterification of estolides using 2-ethylhexyl alcohol. The estolides have iodine values of 35~90, α-ester/α-acid ratios of 0.45~0.55, and total acid number of 114~134 mg KOH g -1 . Four ball wear tests show that the wear scar diameters (WSDs) of estolides as base oil significantly decreased to 0.328~0.494 mm, compared to WSDs of 0.735 and 0.810 mm of WSD for 150N and Yubase 6, respectively, as general base oil. Thus, the estolides have better wear resistance and satisfying design objectives for the engineering of a variety of lubricant base oils.

Synthesis and Tribological Studies of Branched Alcohol Derived Epoxidized Biodiesel.

The optimization and kinetics of the ring-opening reaction of an epoxidized biodiesel (epoxidized rapeseed oil methyl ester) (EBD) with 2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) were studied. The determined optimum conditions were 4:1 2-EH/oil molar ratio, 90 °C, 18 h, and 7 wt % of Amberlyst D001 (dry) catalyst; the product’s oxirane oxygen content was 0.081% with 38.32 mm2/s viscosity at 40 °C. The catalyst retained its high catalytic power after recycling five times. Furthermore, the determined non-catalyzed activation energy was 76 kJ·mol−1 and 54 kJ·mol−1 with the D001 resin catalyst. The product’s chemical structure was investigated through FT-IR and 1H NMR. The viscosity, flash point, pour point, and anti-wear properties of the product were improved compared with those of epoxidized biodiesel.

Study on the Thermal Stability of Viscoelastic Surfactant-Based Fluids Bearing Lamellar Structures

A detailed study has been done on the phase behavior and rheological properties of viscoelastic surfactant (VES)-based fracturing fluids bearing lamellar liquid crystal structures that are developed from two surfactants (SDS and NaOA) and three co-surfactants (propan-2-ol, iso-amyl alcohol, and 2-ethyl hexanol) in the presence of clove oil as the organic phase and water as the aqueous phase. Lamellar liquid crystals prepared from NaOA/2-ethyl hexanol/clove oil/water system demonstrated the best viscoelastic properties among all the developed fluids, because it exhibited resistance to high temperature and shear conditions. The addition of alkali and nanoparticles enhanced the viscoelastic properties, which were observed from static and dynamic rheological tests.

Reactive extraction of sodium hydroxide from alkali solutions for the separation of sodium and aluminum—Part II. Effect of diluent

Enhancing the precipitation of Al(OH)3 from supersaturated sodium aluminate solution has been a challenge for the alumina industry for decades in its effort to increase the productivity. However, limited by the thermodynamic equilibrium of alumina solubility in caustic solutions, the processes that are available to date for promoting the precipitation of Al(OH)3 are unsatisfactory. An acid–base reactive solvent extraction method is proposed to enhance the separation of sodium hydroxide from sodium aluminate mother liquor by creating a condition for re-precipitation. The extraction process has been reported in Part I of this study by the present authors. In this paper the effects of diluents on sodium extraction when using 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol as the main organic extractant were systematically investigated. According to the classification of diluents, the capabilities for extracting sodium in different types of diluents were compared, and the protonic polar diluents were identified as being the most effective diluent. In the absence of alkyl phenol organic extractant, the sodium extraction equilibrium in 1-octanol and 2-ethyl hexanol, and the co-extraction of water in each of them were compared. In the presence of alkyl phenol, the extraction capabilities for sodium in different C8 alcohols, including 1-octanol, 2-ethyl hexanol and 2-octanol, were compared and analyzed. The results showed that 1-octanol is the most effective diluent among the three that are studied in this project. Furthermore, inert diluents including kerosene, octane and heptane, were used to dilute the pure 1-octanol solvent in different proportions in order to decrease the viscosity of the organic phase. The effects of the inert diluent on sodium extraction and water co-extraction were studied. Finally, the particle size distributions in the equilibrated organic phases and the Margules ternary 2-suffix equations were introduced to discuss the mechanisms of sodium extraction by 1-octanol and 2-ethyl hexanol. The results of this systematic research are expected to provide valuable guidance for the selection of diluents.