1st Subgroup Research Articles

Blending and characterization of gold nanoparticles with omega-3 oils induces antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities in-vivo

The aim of the study is to explore the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) mixed with either flaxseed oil (FLO) or fish oil (FIO). A pyrolysis method was used to prepare AuNPs in oleic acid. The characteristics of the sample were determined by using the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and UV spectroscopy. Male albino rats were divided into two main groups. Group one (n=10 rats) was fed on the basic diet (serves as healthy control). The other group was fed on the high fructose diet (HFD) for four weeks and then was divided into five subgroups. 1st subgroup was fed on HFD only, 2nd and 4th subgroups were fed on HFD mixed with omega-3 oils while 3rd and 5th fed on HFD+ omega-3 oils mixed with AuNPs. Results revealed that there was a significant decrease in glucose level, serum insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and lipid peroxidation in oils nanoparticles treated groups compared to the HFD group and a significant increase in the homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) and Glutathione (GSH). It can be concluded that AuNPs mixed omega-3 oils have more anti-diabetic, hepatic protection and antioxidant properties than omega-3 oils alone.

Bilateral impact of cardiorenal relationships in the nephrotic syndrome.

To study and analyze the cardiorenal relationships in nephrotic syndrome, taking into account sex differences. A total of 272 patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) aged 16 to 65 years were examined. All patients underwent general clinical examination, electro-and echocardiography, assessment of peripheral and biochemical blood counts. NS was determined with daily proteinuria of more than 3.5 g/1.73 m2 per day, hypoalbuminemia (albumin less than 30 g/l) and hyperlipidemia (total cholesterol more than 5.1 mmol/l). The duration of the National Assembly ranged from 3 months or more. Depending on the gender, the total sample (n=272) was divided into two subgroups: the 1st subgroup - patients with female NS (n=88), the 2nd subgroup - males with NS (n=184). The mean systolic, diastolic, pulse and mean arterial pressure (BP) were significantly higher in male NS patients (p<0.05). Supraventricular and ventricular ectopic activity was significantly more common in males. In the subgroup of women with NA, sinus tachycardia was significantly more frequently detected, a slowing down of the impulse conduction along the bundle of His, a violation of the processes of repolarization of the LV (p<0.05). The final systolic and diastolic sizes of the left ventricle (LV), the thickness of the interventricular septum and the posterior wall of the left ventricle, the diameter of the aorta, the longitudinal size of the left atrium and the right ventricle were significantly larger in the group of males with NA. Significantly lower concentrations of hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte counts were observed in the subgroup of females with NS compared with men (p<0.05). In the cohort of men with HC, there was a significant decrease in the content of total serum protein (44.8±11.0 g/l versus 49.2±11.2 g/l; p=0.003) as compared with females. In the male subgroup of HC, serum creatinine concentration [97 (81;143) mmol/l versus 86 (68;123) mmol/l; p=0.005] and the degree of daily protein excretion [6,490 (4,865;9,661) g versus 5,585 (4,168;7,625) g; p=0.034] with urine were significantly higher compared with the female subgroup (Table 2). At the same time, in the cohort of men with HC, there was a significant decrease in the calculated GFR [62.3 (46.2; 114.9) ml/min versus 87.0 (67.7;127.5) ml/min; p=0.002]. In case of NS in females, factors of deterioration of cardiorenal interrelations are anemia, sinus tachycardia, slowing down of impulse conduction along the bundle of His. Whereas in the NA subgroup of men, negative factors of cardiorenal interrelations are hypoproteinemia, increased systolic, diastolic, pulse and mean blood pressure, creatinine concentration and daily proteinuria, which was accompanied by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and an increase in the linear dimensions of the heart.

The content of apoptosis mediators in children with anemia of inflammation acquired on the background of acute bacterial diseases of respiratory organs

Aim. Determine the activity of apoptosis processes in young children with anemia of inflammation acquired on the background of acute bacterial diseases of respiratory organs.Material and methods. The content of caspase-7 and caspase-9 was identified in blood serum of 87 kids by the method of immunoenzyme assay. Main group included 57 kids with acute bacterial diseases of the respiratory tract (38 patients had acute bacterial bronchitis, 19 - pneumonia). The main group was divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup included 27 children with developed anemia of inflammation acquired on the background of acute bacterial disease of the respiratory tract. Second subgroup - 30 children with acute bacterial diseases of the respiratory tract without anemia. Experimental group - 10 children with iron deficiency anemia without symptoms of inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system. The control group was represented by 20 conditionally healthy children.Results. The presence of pneumonia in children was accompanied by the highest numbers of caspase-9 (14.8 ± 1.8 ng/ml), which was almost 3 times higher than the control group (5.82 ± 0.58 ng/ml). The levels of the studied enzyme were 1.6 times lower in patients with bacterial bronchitis (8.34 ± 0.90 ng/ml), which was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) than in the control group. The content of caspase-7 in the experimental group and the 2nd subgroup of the main group did not differ from the control group (P &gt; 0.05) (0.38 ± 0.03 ng/ml and 0.32 ± 0.02 ng/ml), and children of the 1st subgroup (0.27 ± 0.02 ng/ml) showed its significant decrease.Conclusions. Anemia of inflammation in children with acute bacterial diseases of respiratory organs is accompanied by the activation of apoptosis, which, obviously, is inefficient due to the nature of the active necrotic processes acquired on the background of acute inflammation.

Effect of addition date molasses or/and ascorbic acid with/without feeding method in some productive performance of broiler chickens Ross 308

This experiment was conducted determine the effect of dates molasses, ascorbic acid and feeding method on growth performance and carcass characteristics in broiler chickens. A total of 480 one day–old broilers Ross 308 were randomly allotted to 8 experimental groups in a complete randomized design. Basic treatments were divided initially at time of hatching, a- early feeding group which had a free access to water and diet from direct time of post hatching until 6 weeks, this group contained 240 chicks which distributed into 4 subgroups with 4 replicates/subgroups. The 1st subgroup was fed basal diet (control), the 2nd subgroup was fed basal diet plus 1000 ml of dates molasses/l of drinking water. The 3rd subgroup was fed basal diet plus 50 g of L-ascorbic acid/l of drinking water. The 4th subgroup was fed basal diet plus 1000 ml and 50 g of dates molasses and L-ascorbic acid, respectively / l of drinking water, b- late feeding group which had free access to water and diet after 12 hours from their reaching to farm until 6 weeks, this group was also contained 240 chicks which distributed into 4 subgroups and 4 replicates/subgroup with the same feed additives mentioned earlier.All the chickens were reared in the same environmental and management conditions. Growth performance (body weight, weight gain, feed intake, water consumption and feed conversion ratio) were determined on 3 and 6 weeks. Carcass traits (dressing percentage, breast, Thigh and femoral part, abdominal fat), factor of productive efficiency and mortality were assessed on 6 weeks. Growth performance was significantly (P<0.05) improved in the dates molasses and ascorbic acid in both early and late feeding treated broilers compared to the not supplemented control. Dates molasses in water increased the relative weight of dressing percentage, breast and abdominal fat as well as ascorbic acid increased the relative weight of thigh and femoral part. These data suggest that the dates molasses and ascorbic acid may improve growth performance in broiler chickens.

HLA-DRB1 differences in allelic distribution between familial and sporadic multiple sclerosis in a Hellenic cohort

ABSTRACTObjective: Familial Multiple Sclerosis (fMS) is reported to have distinct clinical and imaging characteristics in comparison to the sporadic disease (sMS). Nevertheless, the genetic/immunogenetic profile of fMS has never been investigated in depth, so far. In this study, we examined differences of HLA-DRB1 allelic frequencies between 57 fMS and 141 sMS Hellenic patients, with reference to 246 previously genotyped healthy controls (HCs).Patients and Methods: All patients underwent medical interview and DRB1 genotyping, using a low-resolution SSOP technique. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v.21.0 software, with significance set at 0.05, and p value corrected according to the Benjamini–Yekutieli method.Results: 29 fMS cases had at least one 1st degree relative affected (fMS 1st), while the rest had at least one 2nd or 3rd degree relative affected (fMS 2nd/3rd). Parent-of-origin effects were observed, with the prevalence of maternal inheritance. Frequency of DRB1*15 was significantly increased in fMS and sMS, in comparison to HCs (p = 0.002 and <0.001, respectively). After fMS stratification, this result was mainly attributed to the fMS 2nd/3rd subgroup. DRB1*11 frequency was significantly decreased only in sMS (p < 0.001) with fMS approximating HCs’ frequency, especially for the fMS 1st subgroup. Heterozygosity was favored over homozygosity in all groups.Conclusion: We propose possible HLA-DRB1 allelic distribution differences between fMS and sMS, which become more apparent as proximity of affected relative/-es in fMS increases, supporting a rather degraded role of DRB1 alleles in fMS HLA/immunogenetics and indicating the concomitant implication of other HLA and non-HLA polymorphisms.

EFFECT OF GAMMA RAYS RADIATION ON THE BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF ICE CREAM

In this study, 100 samples of ice cream which were divided into 2 groups (50 vanilla and 50 chocolate) collected individually from different supermarkets in Mansoura city, Egypt, for sensory and bacteriological examination before subjection for radiation, then each group was divided into 2 subgroups and exposed to radiation. The 1st subgroup from the 2 groups was exposed to 2 KGy of gamma rays and the 2nd subgroup from the 2 groups was exposed to 3 KGy of gamma rays. After the radiation exposure, all the subgroups were subjected to sensory and bacteriological examinationto detectthe counts of aerobic plate bacteria; Staph. aureus; Bacillus cereus and coliforms. For the vanilla samples before radiation, the counts were 1.8x104 ± 0.14x102, 0.28x102 ± 0.095x102, 2.2x102 ± 0.4x102 and 1.6x102 ± 0.06x102 cfu/ ml respectively, and the counts after radiation in the 1st subgroup were 1.7x103 ± 0.03x102, 0.06x102 ± 0.04x102, 0.6x102 ± 0.13x102 and 0.06x102 ± 0.026x102 cfu/ml respectively, and in the 2nd subgroup were 0.7x102 ± 0.07x102, ND (not detected), 0.08x102 ± 0.07x102 and ND cfu/ml respectively. For the chocolate samples before radiation, the counts were 3.8x104 ± 0.27x102; 0.5x102 ± 0.03x102; 0.8x102 ± 0.15x102 and 1.5x102 ± 0.07x102 cfu/ml respectively, and the counts after radiation in the 1st subgroup were 2.4x103 ± 0.04x102, ND, 0.13x102 ± 0.025x102 and 0.04x102 ± 0.017x102 cfu/ml respectively, and in the 2nd subgroup were 1.6x102 ± 0.026x102, ND, 0.04x102 ± 0.01x102 and ND cfu/ml respectively. About the incidence of the isolated bacteria in the vanilla ice cream samples, E. coli, L. monocytogenes and Y. enterocoliticawere before the exposure to radiation in percentages as 12, 10 and 6% respectively, and in the chocolate samples were 10, 8 and 2% respectively. While, after the radiation exposure, non of E. coli, L. monocytogenes and Y. enterocolitica could be isolated from both the vanilla and chocolate samples. In addition, Salmonella typhimurium could not be isolated at all. Therefore, gamma irradiation can be applied at dose of 3 kGy to improve the microbial quality and safety of frozen ice cream products without adverse effects on human health and their sensory acceptability.

IMPACTS OF COMMERCIAL PROBIOTICS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, DISEASE RESISTANCE AND PROFITABILITY OF NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) UNDER STOCKING DENSITY STRESS

The current research aimed to reduce the effects of increasing Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fish stocking density (SD) as stress factor by using dietary commercial probiotic supplementation (biogen® or Bactocell®). The experimental Nile tilapia (mean weight of 4.00 g) were distributed by random into 18 hapa (1.5 X 2 X 2 m), representing to 6 treatments (3 replicates per treatment). In a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, fish were divided into two main groups. The first group was stocked at 100 fish/m3 and the second was stocked at 150 fish/m3. Each group was divided into 3 sub-groups; the 1st sub-group was fed on a diet without supplementation with commercial probiotics, the 2nd and 3rd sub-groups were fed on diet supplemented with 2 g Biogen and 0.5 g Bactocell/kg diet, respectively. The obtained results showed that all tested water quality measurements were suitable for rearing Nile tilapia fingerlings. With increasing fish stocking density, final body weight (FBW), daily weight gain (DWG), specific growth rate (SGR) and daily feed intake (DFI) of fish significantly (P<0.001) decreased and feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly (P<0.001) impaired while, survival rate significantly (P<0.001) increased. The highest value for each of (P<0.001) FBW, DWG, SGR and DFI were achieved in fish groups fed diets supplemented with probiotic, while FCR significantly (P<0.001) improved. The interaction between fish SD and dietary probiotic supplementation significantly (P<0.01) affected FBW, DWG and DFI, while SGR and FCR were insignificantly affected. All blood components studied were insignificantly affected with fish SD. Hemoglobin, RBCs, WBCs, total protein, albumin and globulin of Nile tilapia fish significantly (P<0.001) affected with probiotic treatments. The interaction between fish SD and dietary probiotic supplementation significantly (P<0.01) affected WBCs only. Approximate analysis of body composition of Nile tilapia fish showed that, ash percentage only significantly (P<0.05) affected with SD, while crude protein, ether extract and ash percentages were significantly (P<0.001) affected with probiotic treatments. Within low SD the percents relative level of protection (RLP) after the challenge infection test using A. hydrophila in fish groups fed diet supplemented with biogen or bactocell were 100 and 60%, respectively. While, with high SD the RLP was 100 and 75% in fish groups fed diet supplemented with biogen and bactocell, respectively as compared with control fish group in the two levels of SD which recorded 0% of RLP. Final profit margin increased by 30.37 and 10.37%, in fish group stocked at high density and fed diet supplemented with biogen or bactocell, respectively when compared with fish group stocked at low density and fed diet without probiotic. The obtained results recommended that dietary probiotic (biogen or bactocell) supplementation to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets reduce the effects of increasing stocking density as stress factor and achieve better growth performance, high disease resistance and high margin.

Effects of Moxibustion on Central Fatigue in Rats Subjected to Different Degrees of Exhaustive Exercise

Abstract Objective To observe the effects of moxibustion on central fatigue in rats subjected to different degrees of exhaustive exercise. Methods The exhaustive exercise model was established through repeated trials of swimming. Ninety-six male SD rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: a control group (n=32) that did not undergo the exercise routine, an untreated group (n=32) that received no treatment after exercise, and a moxibustion group (n=32) that received a mild dose of moxibustion at “Shénquè” (CV 8) for 15 min after exercise. Rats in each group were randomly and equally divided into 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th trial subgroups according to exercise duration. The levels of hippocampal tissue monoamine neurotransmitters 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), Dopamine(DA) and free radicals Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured after the exhaustive exercise protocol for each group. Results The exhaustive duration of rats in the 4th trial untreated subgroup was significantly longer than the 1st trial untreated subgroup, while the 7th and 10th trial untreated subgroups were significantly shorter than the 1st trial untreated subgroup. The 7th and 10th trial moxibustion subgroups were longer than the corresponding untreated subgroups. Compared with the control group, the levels of 5-HT and MDA in rat brains for each untreated subgroup were higher and the GSH-Px levels in the 4th, 7th and 10th trial untreated subgroups were lower. The levels of brain DA and SOD in rats from the 1st trial untreated subgroup were significantly higher than controls and then decreased. The 7th and 10th trial untreated subgroups were significantly lower. Compared with the corresponding untreated subgroups, the levels of rat brain 5-HT in the 7th and 10th trial moxibustion subgroups were decreased, the MDA levels in the 4th, 7th and 10th trial moxibustion subgroups were decreased, and the DA,SOD, GSH-Px levels in the 4th, 7th and 10th trial moxibustion subgroups were increased. Conclusions Moxibustion relieved exercise-induced central fatigue in long-term exercise by reducing the levels of 5-HT and MDA while increasing the levels of DA, SOD, and GSH-Px, effectively extending the duration of the exhaustive exercise.

Correlation between biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction, free radical oxidation and morphometric parameters of macular retina in pregnant women with preeclampsia

To study the relationship between biochemical indexes of blood serum, lacrimal fluid (LF) and the macular retinal volume (MRV) in pregnant women with preeclampsia. The study included 42 pregnant women aged 21 to 40 years with preeclampsia of different severity (the main group): 1st subgroup - mild degree (22 people); 2nd subgroup - average degree (12 people); 3rd subgroup - severe degree (8 people). The comparison group included 20 pregnant women aged 19 to 38 years experiencing physiologically natural pregnancy. By the 3rd trimester, in the 1st subgroup the index of MRV was between 6.4 and 9.5 mm3; the index of von Willebrand factor (vWF) - 88.9±7.3%; endothelin (ET) content in LF was 1.35±0.2 ng/ml; the indices of free radical oxidation (FRO) in lacrimal fluid (Ssp and Sind) were significantly higher than in the comparison group (p<0.01). In the 2nd subgroup: MRV was 7.4±0.5 mm3, ET - 2.2±0.3 ng/ml, and vWF - 117.2±8.5% (p<0.01); the indices of FRO were higher in comparison with the 1st subgroup. In the 3rd subgroup: MRV was 8.5±0.7 mm3, ET - 3.2±0.3 ng/ml, and vWF - 157±9.5% (difference with the 2nd subgroup p<0.01). The indices of FRO (Ssp, Sind and h) indices were maximum high (difference with the 2nd subgroup p<0.01). A trend of increase of MRV by the 3rd trimester correlating with the degrees of preeclampsia severity was found. In the main group (r from 0.71 to 0.83), strong, direct, statistically significant association was found between the increase of ET levels in LF, vWF and MRV on the one side, and FRO on the other side.

Immunological predictors of acute post-stroke period

At the present time, there is an increased interest in the search for biological predictors of the course and outcome of ischemic stroke (IS). Numerous studies have shown the relationship between neuroinflammation (in the brain) and systemic inflammatory response (in the blood). To study the relationship of inflammatory and autoimmune markers in blood serum of patients with acute ischemic stroke (on the 1st day) with the dynamics of the severity of neurological deficit (on the 1st and 10th day) and to assess the predictive ability of these indicators. Twenty-two patients in the acute period of IS (mean age 60±15.5 years) were examined. The severity of neurological deficit was assessed by ESS and NIHSS. The enzymatic activity of leukocyte elastase (LE), α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI), level of autoantibodies to S-100B and MBP in serum was determined. The control group consisted of 33 healthy subjects. Blood samples were carried out on the 1st day of the post-stroke period, the clinical examination was performed on the 1st and 10th day of observation. Depending on the dynamics of neurological symptoms by the 10th day of observation, two subgroups of patients were identified. The1st subgroup was characterized by the normalization of neurological deficit (n=10). In the 2nd group, the negative dynamics of neurological deficit/lack of any positive changes was observed (n=12). Both subgroups demonstrated the increase in the LE and α1-PI activity as compared to the control (p=0.0019, p=0.00079; p=0.038, p=0.00041, respectively). The highest LE activity was detected in the 1st subgroup (p=0.035). The high level of autoantibodies to MBP was also observed in the 1st subgroup as compared to the control and the 2nd group (p=0.047, p=0.03, respectively). The 2nd subgroup was characterized by a higher functional activity of acute phase protein α1-PI (p=0.04). Using regression analysis, a model for predicting the course of the early post-stroke period depending on the determined immunological parameters was developed. The results suggest that the studied inflammatory and autoimmune markers may be possible predictors of the course of the early post-stroke period.

Familial multiple sclerosis in Greece: Distinct clinical and imaging characteristics in comparison with the sporadic disease

ObjectiveFew studies are available worldwide concerning clinical, imaging and genetic/immunogenetic profile of familial multiple sclerosis (fMS). Recent but not systematic data concerning fMS, without direct comparison to sporadic MS (sMS) drove our aim towards further research in the field, given the total lack of information for the Greek population as well. Thus, in this case-control study we examined the clinical and imaging characteristics of 102 fMS-patients, compared to 282 patients suffering sMS. Patients and methodsPatients recruited underwent medical interview (demographic, clinical and family history data collected). They were also assessed for disability and their MRI-scans were analyzed for lesion distribution. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v.21.0 software. Results49% of unrelated fMS cases had at least one 1st degree relative affected, while the rest had also at least one relative with MS, 3rd degree or closer. Only the former subgroup (1st degree relative) and not the entire fMS sample, had significantly younger age at onset (AAO) compared to sMS cases (mean AAO 28.08 vs 31.33 years, p = 0.036). AAO anticipation was noted in younger generation fMS patients (mean AAO 24.67 years in younger generation vs 37 years in older generation, p = 0.001). With regard to our MRI findings, subcortical lesions were less frequent in fMS (71% in fMS vs 81.9% in sMS patients, p = 0.028), whereas cervical cord lesions more frequent (93% in fMS vs 79.9% in sMS patients, p = 0.033, only in the 1st degree relative subgroup). Double vision was a less common first symptom in fMS (4.1% in fMS vs 14.8% in sMS patients, p = 0.005). 1st degree relatives of fMS patients were more often diagnosed with Hashimoto’s (8.9% in fMS relatives vs 3.3% in sMS relatives, p = 0.033). ConclusionYounger AAO and different lesion distribution in brain and possibly spinal cord was observed in fMS in comparison to sMS patients. The hypothesis of increased genetic burden in fMS could offer some explanation for these differences, which needs though further validation as a next step, through genetic/immunogenetic testing in larger cohorts, of different ethnic groups.

IMPACT OF POLYMORPHISM OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK GENES ON ARTERIAL REMODELLING DEVELOPMENT DEPENDING ON PRESENCE OF SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION

Aim. To investigate on clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors depending on the presence or absence of arterial hypertension (AH) and severity of pure arterial stiffness. Material and methods. To the study, 330 patients of economically active age were included, with multiple cardiovascular risk factors at one of Perm city factories. Mean number of the risk factors 5,25±1,04. Mean age 46,67±8,46 y. o. Among the participants 205 (62,12%) males and 125 (37,88%) females. In 177 (53,6) there was AH of grade 1-3 diagnosed. All participants underwent genotype assessment by the markers AGT Thr174Met rs4762, GNB3 C825T rs5443, MTHFR C677T rs1801133, MTRR Ile22Met rs1801394, ApoE Cys130Arg rs 429358, PPARα G/C rs4253778; volume sphygmopletysmography with the CAVI1 measurement. In the first part of the study, patients were selected to 2 groups according to AH presence. In the second part — by CAVI1 level, selected to 3 subgroups: 1st subgroup — no lesion of arteries and CAVI1 9. Results. Among the patients with borderline arteries lesion with AH or with none, the most significant are genotypes С/Т and ТТ of polymorphism Thr174Met rs4762 gene AGT, genotypes С/Т and Т/Т of polymorphism C825T rs5443 gene GNB3, genotypes С/Т and Т/Т of polymorphism C677T rs1801133 gene MTHFR, and genotypes С/С of polymorphism G/C rs4253778 gene PPARα. In patients with the CAVI1 >9 also, regardless of AH presence, were significant the С/Т and ТТ polymorphism Thr174Met rs4762 of gene AGT, genotypes С/Т and Т/Т polymorphism C677T rs1801133 gene MTHFR, genotypes A/G and G/G of polymorphism Ile22Met rs1801394 gene MTRR, and genotype G/С and С/С polymorphism G/C rs4253778 gene PPARα. Presence of AH with no target organ lesion is associated with С/Т polymorphism of the gene GNB3, genotype Т/Т polymorphism of gene MTHFR, and genotypes G/С and С/С of gene polymorphism PPARα. Correlational analysis showed moderate direct correlation of CAVI1 and polymorphism of the genes AGT (r=0,35; p=0,022), GNB3 (r=0,43; p=0,029), MTHFR (r=0,42; p=0,002), MTRR (r=0,43; p=0,025), PPARα (r=0,39; p=0,036). Relation with САVI1 and gene polymorphism АроЕ was not significant. Conclusion. The study witness on the fact that cardiovascular risk shaping and the development of arterial stiffness depend not only on blood pressure level, but patient’s genotype. The data showed that some definite genotypes can be regarded as early markers of cardiovascular risk and arteries lesion in AH patients, and in no AH as well.

Оцінка клінічного стану хворих на хронічний тонзиліт після проведення імунотерапії у вигляді вакцинації бактерійними антиґенами

Aim. Determine the effect of mucosal vaccination on changes in the clinical status of patients with chronic tonsillitis. Materials and Metods. In these clinical studies, 92 patients aged 18 to 40 years participated. We formed two groups of patients, the first group - 62 patients with chronic tonsillitis (СT), which in turn was divided into two subgroups: 1st subgroup - 31 patients, receiving Respibron vaccine mucosal therapy (sublingual); 2nd subgroup - 31 patients received - Broncho-Wax (OM-85, per os); and the second - a control group (CG), 30 practically healthy donors, without the pathology of the upper respiratory tract. In these studies, СT patients received mucosal vaccines, as prescribed, for three months. The collection of material, namely complaints and an objective review of ENT organs, took place in several stages: before vaccination, 10 days after the end of the application, and after 6 months. The obtained results were compared with the data of the СG. The collection of materials for clinical research was conducted on the basis of the Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital. Results and Discussions. As a result of the research, the most frequent complaints were made of screened patients with CT, prior to mucosal immunization. The data obtained show that in patients with CT, there were almost all of the above complaints: 40.3% in the throat; 32,2% pain in the throat; pains that irradiated in the ears, or 32,25% of toothache; bad breath 96,7%; cork cork 56,4%; increased fatigue and a feeling of weakness 95.16%; increase in body temperature to 37.1-37.2°С 93.5%; swelling and pain, in the area of the submandibular lymph nodes 30,6%; pain in the area of the heart, joints and kidneys 8%. In patients with CG complaints from ENT organs were not detected. The following data were obtained by analyzing the clinical status of patients in the studied groups according to the proposed scale score before mucosal vaccination: in patients with CT in 1st and 2nd subgroups, respectively, the degree of hyperemia of braces was 0.71 and 0.81 points; presence of caseo-purulent detritus in gaps - 1,42 and 1,35 points; the size of the tonsils is 0.68 and 0.61; the condition of the submandibular lymph nodes - 0,38 and 0,45; the number of exacerbations for the year - 1.5 and 1.48; presence of concomitant diseases - 0,19 and 0,19 points; Thermometry of the body with exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis - 1 and 1.2. Thus, in patients with CT, the average amount of points on clinical parameters in the 1st subgroup was 0.84 points, and in the 2nd subgroup 0.87 points, which exceeded the results obtained in CG, where the average score was equal to zero. The obtained results showed that the treatment with the use of mucosal vaccines, in both subgroups of the group of patients with CT, had a positive effect, which was confirmed by a decrease in their average amount of points established according to clinical parameters. Particularly noticeable was the decrease in the parameters of hyperemia of the braces, the number of caseosis - purulent detritus in the gaps of the palatine tonsils, exacerbations and body temperature, and the size of the lymph nodes and manifestations of concomitant diseases decreased quite intensively, but the size of the tonsils itself was less variable. Conclusions. Our research suggests that the use of mucosal vaccines in patients with different state of lymphocyte ring was accompanied by significant clinical relief of the patient's data. Consequently, given the effectiveness of the use of these vaccines, we can recommend them for use in patients with chronic tonsillitis.

THE MODERN VIEWS TO DIAGNOSIS OF KIDNEY DAMAGE IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION FOR EARLY PREVENTION

The article discusses in detail the problem of the medico-social significance of early kidney damage in essential hypertension (EH) (according to the literature review and own research).&#x0D; Aim. To determine the prevalence of subclinical renal damage in the EAG of the first stage and to assess the diagnostic significance of the functional renal reserve (FRR).&#x0D; Materials and methods. A total of 70 patients were examined. The control group consisted of 50 people with established diagnosis of EH I stage, women - 20 (40%), mean age – 44,6±1,78 years, men - 30 (60%), average age – 46,57±2,23 years. The average duration of the EH is 3,5 ± 0,5 years. The control group included 20 practically healthy persons (11 women (55%), men - 9 (45%), average age 41,1 ± 1,96 years). All the patients underwent the following examinations: clinical examination, general clinical blood and urine tests, biochemical blood test (total protein, urea, creatinine, glucose, lipidogram) 24-hour BP monitoring, ECG, ECHO-CG, carotid ultrasound, definition FRR. The body mass index (BMI), the glomeru-laorpfhiltthratlimonosrcaotpey(aGnFdR) was calculated.&#x0D; Results. According to the FRR, the functional state of the kidneys significantly differs between subgroups of patients with EH stage I (p &lt;0.05). In patients with the control group FRR - 62.14±10.60%, compared with patients with EH of the 1st subgroup – 23,31±4,9% and the 2nd subgroup - 10±3,02%. In patients of the 2nd subgroup of FRR, although within normal limits, it is noteworthy that it is located on the lower border. When performing the correlation analysis of the data of FRR and BP, the dependence was inversely proportional (r = -0.7, p &lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion. The eGFR was determined by the CKD-EPI formula in the examined patients with EH and control groups, which does not differ significantly.&#x0D; FRR in patients with EH I-II grade with the duration of the disease up to 5 years is significantly lower than in practically healthy peers; p &lt;0.05.&#x0D; In patients with EH II grade (2nd subgroup) FNR more than twice as low as patients with EAG I degree; and is 10±3,2% and 23,3±4,9% respectively; p &lt;0.05.&#x0D; Thus, according to the results of the study, it was found that FRR is a more sensitive indicator, which can help in the early diagnosis of kidney damage with EH.

Cytogenetic effects of tick-borne encephalitis in residents of the north of Western Siberia with alimentary-constitutional obesity depending on the polymorphism of the genes of glutathione-S-transferase

Backgraund. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), one of the large-scale public health problems of the Siberian region, can cause significant cytogenetic damage in humans by stimulating oxidative stress. Active functioning of the detoxification system including enzymes of glutathione-S-transferase is intended to protect the genetic structure of cells in the body, while at the same time, there are studies showing the defective functioning of this system in individuals with obesity.&#x0D; Aims. Aim of this work is to study the longevity of term of TBE-induced cytogenetic damage in patients with different alleles of genes of glutathione-S-transferase, suffering from alimentary-constitutional obesity compared with the control.&#x0D; Materials and methods. We were examined 133 female residents of the northern areas of Tomsk region from 35 to 44 years old who were hospitalized for infection TBE at local medical clinics. All individials were divided into two subgroups. Patients of the 1st subgroup (control) had a body mass index (BMI) within 2126, the 2nd subgroup had BMI showing severe obesity (BMI 3545). Buccal cells for cytogenetic and molecular analysis were taken several times: 12 days after hospitalization, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after beginning of the disease. Methods of immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm the diagnosis of TBE. As an untreated control were examined 126 healthy female residents of the same age groups. All individuals signed informed consent. In the analysis of deletions in the genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 was used multiplex PCR. We studied at least 1000 epithelial buccal cells from each individual.&#x0D; Results. In patients with high BMI rates revealed a significant increase in the frequency of the buccal cells with cytogenetic damage, compared to the control group. TBE disease was significantly increased the frequency of the cytogenetically damaged cells in this group of patients. The cytogenetic aberrations persisted in their body for six months after hospitalization. In patients with normal BMI rates TBE induced significantly less changes. The recovery of normal cytogenetic status was observed in this group 3 months after hospitalization. Analysis of the glutathione-S-transferase gene variants showed that in TBE patients with normal BMI and non-active alleles of these genesthe frequency of micronucleated epithelial cellswere significantly increased compared to the patients with the activeGSTM1 (+) / GSTT1 (+)genes. In the patients with alimentary obesity such patterns were not observed.&#x0D; Conclusions. Thus,infection with TBE in patients with obesity induced significant increase in both the frequency of cytogenetically damaged cells and the longevity of their persistency in the body compared to these in control group. Polymorphisms in genes of glutathione-S-transferase had no significant effect on the indices.

Level of Nitrogen Oxide and Indicators of Oxidative-Antioxidative Status in the Gingival Tissues, Blood Plasma in Experimental Chronic Gastritis and Duodenitis and Drug Correction

model of chronic gastritis and duodenitis was conducted in 48 immature Wistar rats both gender by intragastric injection of medical bile. Control group consisted of 10 animals. After approximation model of the gastritis and duodenitis rats were divided into five subgroups: the 1st subgroup (before treatment, 9 rats), subgroup 2 (10 animals) received the antioxidant, subgroup 3 (11 animals) – received NO donator, subgroup 4 (10 animals) - received an antioxidant and NO donator, subgroup 5 (8 animals) – received the antioxidant, NO donator and calcium carbonate. In rats with gastritis and duodenitis was observed redistribution of stable metabolites of nitric oxide: decreasing level in the gingival homogenates and increasing in the blood plasma. Level of malondialdehyde and aldehyddehydrogenase in the gingival tissue increased, and in the blood plasma decreased, on a background of catalase activation; content of ketone phenilhydrazone remained in the level of control group. Decreasing markers of oxidation lipids and proteins in the blood plasma, on a background of increasing levels of catalase and nitric oxide metabolites (in 14 times), indicates about a key role of NO in the antioxidant protection of organism in a case of disease.Application of antioxidant could not impact on the indicators of oxidation lipids and proteins. It had been shown decreasing content of the nitric oxide metabolites in the gingival tissues and blood plasma. Drug correction with donator of nitric oxide have to increase markers of oxidation lipids and proteins in the gingival tissues, on a background of high catalase activity and low levels of nitric oxide metabolites. In the blood plasma content of nitric oxide metabolites was higher, which indicated about an active inflammatory process in the stomach and duodenum mucosa. Indicators of the protein molecules fragmentation and malondialdehyde were not differ from those before treatment. Level of catalase was in two times higher, than in the control group, but level of superoxide dismutase was decreased. Complex of antioxidant and donator of nitric oxide helped to stabilise the indicators of oxidation lipids and proteins, although level of nitric oxide metabolites in the gingiva was significantly decreased. Application complex from the antioxidant, donator of nitric oxide and calcium carbonate at the treatment of chronic gastritis and duodenitis restored an oxidative-antioxidative status in the blood plasma and gingival tissues, increasing the production of nitric oxide to a level in the control group.

PREDICTORS OF SUBCLINICAL ISOLATED AND COMBINED ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS IN MIDDLE-AGED MEN AND ITS CORRELATION WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME

Objective. To determine clinical, laboratory and instrumental predictors of subclinical isolated and combined atherosclerotic lesions in middle-aged men and its association with metabolic syndrome. design and methods. We examined 194 middle-aged men (44–60 years, WHO, 2009) with subclinical atherosclerotic arterial lesions: coronary artery (CA), extracranial artery (ECA) and peripheral artery (PA). The 1st subgroup included 40 men with isolated lesion in one arterial region (mean age — 53,6 ± 4,7 years): 17 subjects had CA lesion, 9 had ECA involvement, and 14 patients had PA lesion. The 2nd subgroup included 154 patients with combined lesions of 2 or more vascular pools (mean age — 52,1 ± 4,1 years). Both groups were comparable by age. Past acute myocardial infarction and stroke were exclusion criteria. All subjects underwent general clinical examination (medical history, physical examination, blood pressure (BP) and body mass index assessment), blood tests (lipids, coagulogram, inflammatory markers), ultrasonography (duplex scanning, power and color Doppler and spectral analysis of blood flow), stress-testing (stress-echocardiography, treadmill-test) and angiographic methods. The following parameters were analyzed in a logistic regression model as predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis: systolic and diastolic BP, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, basal and postprandial glucose level, homocysteine, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), smoking and cardiovascular (CV) heredity factors, intima-media (IMT) thickness, total duration of exercise test and oxygen intake (MET) at stressechocardiography, and change of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) at treadmill-test. Results . The most significant predictors of isolated CA atherosclerosis are the following: cardiovascular disease in close relatives, increased CRP and IMT, decreased exercise tolerance and increment of ejection fraction during stress-echocardiography, ECA — family CV history, increased CRP and IMT, for PA — hyperglycemia and reduction in ABI increase at the peak exercise. Combined subclinical atherosclerotic lesions were associated with family CV history, hyperhomocysteinemia, increased CRP, decrease of the total duration of stress-test, oxygen intake and increment of ejection fraction during stress-echocardiography, as well as decreased ABI elevation at the treadmill test. Combined subclinical atherosclerosis is also associated with traditional and additional components of metabolic syndrome (hyperhomocysteinemia and increased CRP). Conclusions. Besides to the known association with arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, vascular wall thickening, the following predictors of isolated arterial lesions were found: for CA — with family CV history, increased CRP, decreased exercise tolerance, and increment of ejection fraction at stress-echocardiography, for ECA — family CV history, increased CRP, for PA — hyperglycemia and decreased ABI elevation at the peak exercise. Subclinical multifocal atherosclerosis is closely associated with hyperhomocysteinemia, increased CRP and reduced exercise tolerance at stress-tests.

PS 03-05] INFLUENCE OF HYPERTENSION ON STROKE OUTCOME

Objective: The management of hypertension, one of the leading causes of cerebrovascular accident, after various types of stroke remains controversial. The aim of the study was to establish the impact of the blood pressure on the outcome to various types of stroke. Design and method: A total of 156 patients, (64,5 ± 7,5 y.,34F/38 M) with Ischemic(84) and Haemorragic (72) type of stroke have been investigated. The both stroke patients were classified into 2 subgroups:1st subgroup- patients with aggressive lowering of blood pressure on admission and 2nd subgroup - patients with moderate hypertension. Non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors were registered and statistically evaluated. Results: In 1st subgroup neurological deterioration was found in 6 patients of HS (27 patients/ 37,5%) versus IS (14/16,6%). Mean baseline SBP during the treatment were 182 ± 13 and 133 ± 7 mmHg, respectively. 2nd subgroup revealed neurological deterioration in 9(12,5%) HS patients versus 10(11,9%) IS, 1- volume growth was seen in HS versus 3- IS patients, Mean baseline SBP and MAP were 182 ± 13 and 165 ± 12 mmHg respectively. NIHSS, Barthel Index and Rankin Scale 1st subgroup of HS showed significant improvement at 1 month against the 2nd subgroup (P = 0.001). In IS patients the 2 subgroup resulted better as compared to 1st subgroup at 1 month (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Aggressive lowering of high BP in HS found to have the positive effect on outcome,reducing the blood enhancement and rehemorrhage, improving the short-term outcome and quality of life in patients with ICH, while moderate hypertension much more better for IS outcome.

Non-obstructive acute CoronarySyndrome and Khat chewing

Nonobstructive coronary artery disease (NCAD)occurs in 10% to 25% of patients undergoing elective coronary angiography, while nonobstructive acute coronary syndrome (NACS) accounts up to 6% of patients with troponin-positive ACS. In Yemen, prior studies have assessed outcomes among myocardial infarction (MI)khat chewers, who had nonobstructive lesions on angiography. However; correlation between NACS and Khat use is yet not discussed. Our study aimed to defining the clinical outcomes of patients, presenting with unstable angina (UA) or non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), but had stenosis ≤ 50% on angiography. Our main goal is to show the association between outcomes and khat chewing among patients with NASC. Data for this retrospective study were obtained from the sector of health care and related clinics at the Yemeni Petroleum Company in Aden- from January 2005 through September 2010. The study group consisting of 114 to ACS patients was divided into two subgroups: patients with stenosis &lt; 20% and patients with stenosis more than 20 but less than50%. They were compared with patients in a control group (n=213), who had critical coronary stenosis, sufficient enough to warrantenough (≥70%) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Our results showed that patients with NACS were more likely to be female, younger, with fewer risk factors, compared to the control. MI or PCI occurred was in 1.75 % or 3.5% of patients with NACS and in 5.16% or 17.37% (respectively) of patients with critical obstructive ACS. Cardiac death was observed less frequently in patients with NACS, compared to those with critical obstructive disease (1.75 % vs 4.23%). Sub analysis of the study group showed that, the 2nd subgroup patients (stenosis 20%-50%) were older male with an increasing frequency of nondiabetic patients and heavy khat chewing, compared to the 1st subgroup (stenosis

Combining Inferior Vena Cava Diameter and Right Atrial Volume Index with Pro-BNP in Assessment of Volume Status in Haemodialysis Patients

1.1.Background: The need for a concept of dry weight derives from an awareness of the dangers of being fluid overloaded. Which reflected by strain on the heart also abnormal low fluid load is also harmful and it might be associated with unacceptable degrees of low blood pressure and consequently of ischemia of vital organs. To judge excess volume, there are no gold standards, but its assessment has been done using a variety of tools. Physical examination which based on patient’s interdialytic weight gain and clinical signs, the assessment of volume is made poorly by physical examination. The assessment of inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter and its collapse with inspiration have been the most commonly used echocardiographic techniques to assess intravascular volume. Right atrial volume index which is noninvasive echocardiographic tool for assessment of volume overload but not widely used due to lack of data about right atrial volume even in normal population. NT-pro BNP is one of natriuretic peptides which secreted mainly upon mechanical stretching of cardiomyocytes, Both BNP and NT-proBNP are eliminated during hemodialysis, but they show different behaviors depending on the chosen dialysis membrane. 1.2.Methods: The study was conducted on two groups group I include 20 ESRD patients maintained on regular HD three times/week, four hour/session which they subdivided into two subgroups. The 1st subgroup included ten patients using high flux dialyzers and the 2nd subgroup included ten patients using low flux dialyzers. Group II: include ten healthy subjects as a control group. We estimate Urea, Cr, Hg and NT pro BNP by enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA), trans-thoracic echocardiography stressing on inferior vena cava diameter and collapsibility index, right atrial volume index to the patients before and after HD and also in 2nd group. 1.3.Results: There was statistical significant difference between the pre HD and post HD in mean BP, Rt. at volume index, IVC diameter, and IVC collapsibility index. There were statistical significant difference between the Pro BNP low flux in pre HD and post HD, the Pro BNP high flux in pre HD and post HD. 1.4.Conclusion: Mean BP, Rt. at volume index, IVC diameter and pro BNP high flux were significantly decreased post HD session, and IVC collapsibility index, and proBNP low flux were increased post HD. So we can combine these parameters for effected evaluation of dry weight.