1st Season Research Articles

Hydro-Oceanographic Characteristics In Karimunjawa Coastal Waters During The 1st Transitional Season

This study aims to determine oceanographic characteristics such as tides, waves, and currents in Karimunjawa Coastal Waters during the 1st transitional season and to update the oceanographic database for spatial management evaluation in the region. The tidal characteristics were obtained from the least square method analysis using World Tide software based on Matlab programming language, while wave and current characteristics obtained from 2-dimensional numerical modeling using Mike 21 software on the flow model and spectral wave module. The primary data used were the significant wave height (Hs), wave peak period (Tp), and ocean current components (u and v velocity) on 13-26 May 2016 using the Sontex Argonaut XR type Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) equipment. Tide data were predicted for the Kemujan Islands station from 1-31 March 2020. Secondary data for additional numerical model input were obtained from ERA5-reanalysis in the form of Hs, Tp, u, and v wind velocity data for May 2020 with a temporal resolution of 20 minutes, while bathymetry data derived from GEBCO Satellite Derivated Bathymetry (SDB) data. The tide analysis results showed that Karimunjawa waters are a single daily mixed tidal type. The wave characteristic moves from east to west with high waves reached 0.9 meters and a peak period of 7 seconds. The eastern side of Karimunjawa Island, Kemujan Island, and the western area have a calmer wave. The current characteristic moves northeastward with a speed of 5-28 cm/s, which concludes that in several locations, such as the Menjangan Besar-Menjangan Kecil strait, the currents depend on the tidal conditions.

Ecological and control studies of the cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii (Glover.) on eggplant, Solanum melongena L.

The present study was conducted to estimate the distribution of apterous and alates cotton aphids within and between plants. Also, population dynamic of cotton aphid and its predators, and the effects of foliar spray with elicitors viz, salicylic acids (SA), jasmonic acids (JA) and β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) on the population density of A. gossypii were estimated. The experiments were carried out in an eggplant field at Nobaria district, El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt. The results of spatial distribution of apterous A. gossypii by using the diffusion coefficient (S2/ m) was >1, by using David-Moore index (IDM) was positive value for negative binomial, by using patch index (m*/m) was >1 and with using Cassie index (Ca)was>0 and positive values. All these indices are indicative of aggregation (the individuals tend to occur in clumps) distribution model for the apterous A. gossypii in all the sampling dates throughout the two successive seasons 2019 and 2020. On contrary, all of these indices refer to a uniform spatial distribution for the alates A. gossypii., there were proportionally greater numbers of the alates individuals on the middle part of eggplants. The results also showed that the seasonal mean population of cotton aphids was higher during 1st season than during the 2nd season The apterous aphid populations were significantly higher within the upper level than other levels of the plant. The foliar spray of JA, SA and BABA resulted in decreasing the cotton aphid population density in eggplant crop. SA proved to be less efficacious than JA and BABA.

Alternative Method to Evaluate Performance Improvement Rate in Athletics Middle Distance Events

PurposeThe aims of this study were to propose an alternative method to assess an optimal performance improvement rate (PIR) that would be used as a tool for coaches and elite athletes willing to reach their personal best, mainly those seeking for national, continental or even world record (WR) in middle-distance events. We further compared the improvement rate of women vs. men of the top-10 ranked athletes in the IAAF running these middle-distance eventsMethodThe top 10 athletes in the IAAF ranking of 800 m, 1500 m, and 3000 m events for each sex were assessed for their history of race times before achieving their personal record (PR). The difference between PR (‘actual’ season) and the best race time in the last season was defined as the 1st season improvement rate (1-SIR), whereas the average improvement rate in the last and preceding seasons was the multi-season improvement rate (M-SIR). 1-SIR and M-SIR were calculated for each athlete.ResultThere were sex differences in the 1500 m with a large effect size (d = − 0.746) in 1-SIR (P = 0.001) and very large (d = − 2.249) in M-SIR (P = 0.001). Women improved more than men before the PR/WR achievements in the 800 m and 1500 m events (P = 0.001) and had similar improvement rates before performing PR/WR in 3000 m events (P = 0.533).ConclusionWomen improve more before PR/WR achievement in 800 m and 1500 m races. However, in the 3000 m men and women have similar improvement rates in previous seasons before the PR/WR achievement.

Effects of indoor and outdoor temperatures on blood pressure and central hemodynamics in a wintertime panel of peri-urban Chinese adults

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Excess wintertime cardiovascular mortality has been observed in populations globally and is partly attributed to cold-induced elevated blood pressure (BP). An inverse relationship between outdoor temperature and BP is well documented. The influence of indoor environmental conditions (e.g., heating, insulation) and indoor temperature on BP is less clear. We examined the effects of indoor and outdoor temperature on wintertime BP and central hemodynamics among older adults in peri-urban Beijing, China. METHODS: We enrolled 1,285 older adults into a panel study conducted in two winter seasons (2018-19 and 2019-2020). Staff traveled to participant homes to administer a questionnaire and measure their brachial and central systolic and diastolic BPs, pulse pressures, and pulse pressure amplification. Indoor temperature was measured within the 5-minutes prior to BP measurements for all participants and 12-month indoor temperature measurements were obtained in a 37% (1st season) and 32% (2nd season) random subsample. Village-level outdoor temperature was estimated from regional meteorological stations. Multivariable mixed-effects regression models were used to estimate the within- and between-individual effects of indoor and outdoor temperature on BP, allowing for effect measure modification. RESULTS:Indoor and outdoor winter temperatures ranged from 0.0 to 28.0˚C and -14.3 to 6.4˚C, respectively. Those in colder homes had a lower wealth score and less home insulation. We observed an inverse linear relationship between indoor temperature and BP (mmHg per 1˚C increase in temperature: −0.4 to −0.5 systolic, −0.3 diastolic, and −0.2 pulse pressure). We found little evidence of any effect of outdoor temperature with BP, or that outdoor temperature modified the effect of indoor temperature. CONCLUSIONS:We found an inverse association between indoor temperature and BP, but no relationship of BP with outdoor temperature. This suggests a stronger effect on BP of indoor compared to outdoor temperature. Improving insulation and household heating may help lower BP and prevent excess winter mortality. KEYWORDS: Cardiovascular diseases, Epidemiology, Socio-economic factors, Temperature

DIAGNOSIS AND REMEDY OF BORON DEFICIENCY IN VALENCIA ORANGE TREES UNDER TWO DIFFERENT SITES CONDITIONS.

This study was carried out during three consecutive (2016/019) experimental seasons on 15- year-old fruitful Valencia orange trees (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) Olinda cv., budded on Volkamer lemon rootstock, grown in reclaimed soil at two sites (South of El Tahreer& West of Al Nubaria regions) under drip irrigation system (Nile water) and subjected to the same cultural practices. This work aim to study the role of Boron in fruitful Valencia orange trees during the 1st season through an exploratory study at the 1st season ( phase ”I”), then using foliar application of different Boron sources (Boric acid at 1% ; Boron / Molybdenum compound at 1% ; Mulase “CM” at 3ml / L., and Boric acid at 1% + Mulase “ CM” at 3ml / L. and control treatment, at the suitable stage to compensate Boron deficiency during the other two seasons (phase “II”). Results indicated that, there is a fluctuation in Leaf Boron content(ppm) from one site to another during the phase “I” of the study for both sites, whereas, at the 1st site seemed to be constant during the most samples (from 10 to 20 ppm) and slightly reduction ( 50 ppm) for October sample. On the other hand, leaf Boron content under “Site II” conditions was higher (from 30 to 40 ppm) than the site”I” (from 10 to 20 ppm).Moreover, it has increased during February (up 30 ppm), then sharply reduced at the March sample (

Digital footprint of hematology-oncology fellowship programs: Identifying gaps after the first virtual recruitment season.

11003 Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented restrictions to travel and in-person activities that limit hematology/oncology (HO) fellowship programs’ (FP) recruitment activities. Prospective applicants rely on websites and social media (SOME) to guide their decisions of applying or ranking a FP. We aim to evaluate HO FP’s digital footprint in order to identify informational gaps. Methods: The AMA Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA) was queried for all HO programs. We searched Google, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, and YouTube for HO FP pages. Content was evaluated using published criteria. Qualitative content analysis of SOME posts is planned. Results: Our analysis includes 176 FP that actively recruited during the 2020 match season. Over half (57%, n = 100) were university-based and the median number of fellow positions per year was 4 per FP (range 0-16). Most FP had websites (95%, n = 167) with varying information (Table) for prospective applicants. Twenty percent (n = 33) included a diversity statement. While 63% (n = 106) of FP provided application information, only 51% discussed visa requirements. Few FP websites included key information such as why fellows chose a particular FP (7%, n = 12), accolades of fellows (3%, n = 5), or employment location of alumni (25%, n = 44). Only 42% (n = 69) provided city, and 5% (n = 8) showed fellows socializing. Thirty-four FP (19%) have informational videos (range 1-10) in YouTube (length range: 1:37-18:15min). Most (82%; n = 28) were published since May 2020 in alignment with the FP recruitment season. Twitter was the second most common SOME platform, used by 19% (n = 32) of FP. 56% (n = 18) joined Twitter since May 2020 correlating with the current recruitment season. The number of Twitter followers (median 119, range: 0-1408) and posts (median 47, range: 0-687) varied across FP. Only 4% used Facebook and 6% Instagram. Conclusions: Our analysis of FP’s digital footprint revealed that applicants participating in the 1st virtual HO recruitment season were provided limited online information. Programs can use online content to provide information on resources, research opportunities, and achievements of faculty and fellows that can guide applicant decision making. In the era of COVID-19, highlighting the diversity and breath of each FP, hospital, and city are vital to attract a diverse and talented pool of trainees.[Table: see text]

Ratooning ability and its relationship among yield, quality and lesser sugarcane borer (Chilo agamemnon Bels.) in sugarcane germplasm

This study was conducted at El-Mattana Agricultural Research Station, Luxor Governorate, Egypt (latitude of 25.17° N and longitude of 32. 33°E) on three sugar crop cycles 2017/18 (plant cane crop), 2018/19 (the first ratoon) and 2019/20 (the second ratoon) to screen sugarcane genotypes for yield, quality and borer resistance, also estimates the relationship among agronomical and pathological traits based on principal components biplot analysis. Results revealed that significant differences among sugarcane genotypes in susceptibility to the lesser sugarcane borer, Chilo agamemnon infestation measured as bored stalk%, bored joints %, girdled stalks%, mean no. holes/joint, mean no. holes/bored joint and mean no. holes/stalk in the three studied seasons. In plant cane and first ratoon seasons the genotype L 62-96 exhibited the highest bored stalk %. While, in the second ratoon, the genotype G.T.54-9 was recorded the highest bored stalk %. Three genotypes (F. 150, M 57-35 and G. 2008-20) were the most tolerant in plant cane season recording the lowest bored stalk%. While, in the 1st ratoon season, EH88/5-27 and SP72-5181 genotypes were recording lowest bored stalk%. Meanwhile, in the 2nd ratoon season, SP 81-3250, F. 150, F 161 and G. 2007-61 genotypes were recording lowest bored stalk% respectively.

Composition, density and spatial distribution of zooplankton on 1st transition season (March to May) in Inner Ambon Bay Waters, Indonesia

Inner Ambon Bay is part of Ambon Bay that covered an area about 11.03 km2. It is semi-closed and become a small pelagic fish fishing ground, especially anchovy. The anchovy is a zooplankton predator, hence, the abundance of anchovy is dependent on the abundance of zooplankton. The research aims to analyze the composition, density, and spatial distribution of the zooplankton during the 1st transition season (March to May). Data of zooplankton composition were attained from sampling by using plankton net at ten observation stations, meanwhile, data of densities were obtained using a scientific hydroacoustic system on six parallel transect lines and one cross-parallel transect line. The study shows that the zooplankton community is dominated by Copepod and meroplankton. The highest density was found in March, while the lowest density was in April. Vertical distribution of zooplankton shows that the highest density was found near the surface (0-4 m) and decrease to a deeper water column. On the horizontal distribution, lower densities (0 – 400 ind./m2) occupy a wider area, they are evenly distributed in western, middle, and eastern, in the contrary, higher densities (3,000-4,000 ind./m2) occupy smaller space viz. in the southwest and east of Inner Ambon Bay.

Jumping rope and whole-body vibration program effects on bone values in Olympic artistic swimmers.

Artistic swimming seems not to benefit bone development like other out-of-water physical activities. To increase bone acquisition, artistic swimming should combine water training with weight-bearing impact or strength activities. Artistic swimmers can be a population at risk of developing osteopenia and osteoporosis in later life. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a training program on bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and body composition in an Olympic artistic swimming team. Sixteen women aged 17-21years, who train 30h/week, at the Olympic Training Centre (Barcelona, Spain), were followed up over two seasons. The 1st season involved regular artistic swimming training without specific training to reduce the risk of osteopenia. The exercise intervention, jumping rope and whole-body vibration, was added in the 2nd season. The protocol included 20min of training 2days per week, over a 22-week period. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry measured the bone variables and body composition. The daily diet, medical history and bone turnover markers were evaluated. The intervention program increased BMD on lumbar spine (2.10%, p = 0.002), total hip (2.07%, p = 0.001), and femoral neck (2.39%, p = 0.02). Lower limb's fat mass decreased (10.17%, p = 0.038). No significant differences were found for any of the measured anthropometric characteristics between both time points in the 1st season. In conclusions, combined jump rope and vibration should be considered to reduce the risk of bone damage in artistic swimmers.

Impact of Bio and Inorganic Potassium and Nitrogen Fertilization on Juice Quality and Sugar Yield of Promising Sugarcane Genotypes تأثير التسميد الحيوي وغير العضوي بالبوتاسيوم والنيتروجين على جودة العصير ومحصول السکر للتراکيب الوراثية المبشره لقصب السکر

This work was carried out during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons at Kom-Ombo Agricultural Research Station (latitude of 24o 28′ N and longitude 32o 57′ E at an elevation108 m above sea level), Aswan Governorate. to assess juice quality and sugar yield of some sugarcane genotypes as affected by bio,inorganic fertilization rates of potassium and nitrogen. The study included 48 treatments, combinations of four genotypes (G.2006-6, G.2003-49, C.57-14 and G.T.54-9), three K rates (48 kg inorganic K2O per fed, 40 kg inorganic K2O + 400-gram bio K and 34 kg inorganic K2O + 800 gram bio K /fed) and four N rates (210 kg inorganic N, 190 kg inorganic N + 300 gram bio N, 170 kg inorganic N + 600 gram bio N and 150 kg inorganic N + 900 gram bio N/fed). A split-split plot design with three replications was used. Results showed that 4 genotypes significantly differed in all studied traits except sugar yield in 1st season. Furthermore, K fertilization had a significant influence on some studied traits. Nitrogen levels had a significant effect on all the studied traits in the two seasons except purity%. Generally, supplying sugar cane G006-6 and G.2003-49 genotypes, with 100% of the recommended inorganic potassium rate (48 kg K2O /fed) integrated with 100% of the recommended inorganic N-rate (210 kg/fed), or 70% of the recommended inorganic potassium rate (34 kg K2O + 800 gram bio K /fed) integrated with 70% of the recommended inorganic N-rate (150 kg inorganic N + 900 gram bio N fed), resulted in the highest sugar yield/fed in plant cane and its first ratoon crops, respectively.

Seasonal abundance of the most important insect pests of maize and their natural enemies in Egypt

The experiment was conducted to study the seasonal abundance of the most important insect pests of maize and its relation with natural enemies and weather factors in Assiut governorate during 2019 and 2020 seasons.The samples were examined from June to September to determine the population of Limothrips cerealium (Haliday, 1836), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch, 1856) and Sesamia cretica Lederer, 1857 and its the associated predators. The population of L. cerealium recorded a peak in the 4th week of July 2019 and the 1st week of August 2020. The highest population of R. maidis occurred in 1st week of September at both seasons. The simple correlation and regression between L. cerealium population and three weather factors were insignificant in both seasons while S. cretica population were found to be significant with R.H%. The population of R. maidis in the 1st season was insignificant negative with temperatures but was significant in the 2nd season. The plant age was more effective than the weather factors on the population of the three insect pests. The common predators were Orius albidipennis (Reuter, 1884) and Scymnus interruptus (Goeze, 1777)which were highly significant with all three insect pests.

The role of Controlled and Mole Drainage in Relation to Water Saving, Salt Accumulation on Sugar Beet Yield and Quality in North Nile Delta, Egypt

Two field experiments were conducted at Sidi Salem region, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, during two winter seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 to study the impact of controlled drainage at 0.5, 0.75, 1.25 m and mole drain spacing 2 m on soil salinity, water-saving and sugar beet productivity. Results obtained that using controlled drainage saved irrigation water 24.56 and 11.35% in 1st season and 23.73 and 15.08% in 2nd season for 50, 75 cm depth of water table respectively, compared to 125 cm depth of water table. Application of mole drains seems to be more effective in decreasing soil salinity and sodicity especially, in the topsoil (0-60 cm) and narrow spacing between the plowed lines (2 m).Data showed that the water table level at 0.5 and 0.75 m treatments rose more rapidly and remained higher for longer time than the uncontrolled drainage treatment, the average water table depth was above specified depths between irrigation intervals from 3-7 days depending on the depth. There was a marked variation between the treatments that controlled drainage increased the yield at 0.50 m water table depth by 39 and 30% for both seasons, respectively. It can be concluded that the treatment of controlled drainage may give more profit than the uncontrolled one. At the same time, the contents of K+, Na+, alpha- amino N and alkalinity in root beet were insignificantly affected by controlled subsurface drainage in both seasons.

Response of some durum wheat genotypes (Triticum durum Desf.) for Potassium fertilization levels in newly reclaimed soil.

The proper amount of fertilizer application is the main factor affecting the grain yield and its components of durum wheat. Hence, the field experiment was carried out in the winter seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019, at Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, to study the effects of potassium fertilizer levels (zero, 25, 50 and 75 kg K2O /fed.) on yield and its components of four durum wheat genotypes (Bani Suef 6, NGB 7214, NGB 5399 and NGB 4816). A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used in split-plot with three replicates. The results showed that potassium fertilizer levels were significantly affected on all studied characters except plant height in the 1st and 2nd seasons, and harvest index in the 1st season only, as well as genotypes had significantly effect on yield and its components traits in both growing seasons. Bani Suef 6 and NGB 7214 genotypes produced the highest values of grain yield compared to other genotypes in both seasons. Moreover, NGB 7214 accession produced the maximum values of spike length (cm), No. of Spike /m2, No. of grain/spike, 1000-grain weight (g), biological yield (ton/fed.) and straw yield (ton/fed.) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. In general, the highest grain yield (20.27 and 19.70 ard./fed.) were obtained by Bani Suef 6 genotype when fertilized with 75 kg K2O /fed., and NGB 7214 genotype when fertilized with 50 kg K2O /fed. interaction treatments, respectively.

“FÚRIA E PODER SOBRE RODAS”: QUESTÕES DE GÊNERO E EDUCAÇÃO NA SÉRIE “IRMÃO DO JOREL”

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como a série televisiva Irmão do Jorel – em especial o episódio 25 da primeira temporada: “Fúria e Poder sobre Rodas” – ajuda entender as dinâmicas sociais que envolvem jovens e adultos na constituição de suas imagens. O episódio suscita questionamentos, como as várias manifestações de gênero existentes, além de confrontar a questão da identidade sexual como sendo algo que está em construção durante o desenvolvimento do ser. As diversas abordagens de temas como gênero e identidade, tratadas de forma inusual em um produto imagético de amplo acesso ao público em geral, ajuda a trazer à tona as dinâmicas sociais que envolvem jovens e adultos. A maneira lúdica de tratar temas complexos e delicados como esse traz novas formas de acesso e abordagens. O enfoque recai sobre como a construção social, relacionada com as questões de gênero, é abordada de forma sutil, representativa e capaz de causar reflexões sobre os processos constitutivos educacionais durante a infância e a juventude que influenciam e envolvem a construção identitária dos indivíduos.

Influence of varieties, plant spacing and manure fertilizer to maize productivity in dry land

An assessment was carried out in the dry land of Cerme village Ngimbang district Lamongan Regency East java Province (85 m asl) during the 1st dry season, from February to June 2019. The experiment was arranged in a split-split plots design with three replications. As the main plot was the hybrid varieties HJ 21, Bima 19, and NK 212; as a subplot was the plant spacing i.e., double row “jajar legowo” 90 x 50 x 20 cm and farmers habitual 60 cm x 30 cm, and the sub-sub plot was the application of organic manure fertilizer i.e., 2 tons/ha and without organic manure fertilizer. The results showed that there was no interaction between the three treatment factors tested. Then, each treatment factor has a free effect on the variables observed. The result showed that the treatment of NK 212 varieties, double row plant space, and organic fertilizer were affect significantly some variable of the plant growth and yields. The highest yield was obtained in the treatment of NK 212 varieties of 8.51 tons ha−1. Double row plant spacing treatment was increasing the yield up to 16.26%, and organic fertilizer treatment increased the yield by only 5.7 %.

Population Fluctuations of Two Aphids and Their Main Predators in Broad Bean plants in Qalyubiya Governorate

Field experiments were carried out at Qaha, Qalyubiya Governorate, throughout 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 seasons to study population fluctuations of Aphis craccivora (Koch) and Aphis fabae Scopoli infesting broad bean plantations, and two associated predators addition, effects of certain weather factors (daily mean temperatures and daily mean R.H.). A. craccivora had two peaks both seasons (1st week of December and 3rd week of January) and (1st week of December and 1st week of January) in the 1st and 2nd seasons respectively. A. faba showed three peaks in 1st season (2nd week of December, last week of December and 1st week of March). while 2 peaks in the second season (1st week of December. and end of December.) Population fluctuations of A. craccivora and A. faba and associated predators were higher in the 1st season than the second season and C. undcimpunctata was dominant than C. carneaea. A simple correlation between A. craccivora and C. undcimpunctata showed a significant positive correlation in both seasons while with C. carneaea was insignificant negative in the 1st season and positive in the 2nd season, and the relationship between A. fabae was negative in both seasons with the two predators. The relationship between A. craccivora and daily mean temperature show negative insignificant relation during the 1st season while was significant in the 2nd season. Also, the simple correlation with A. fabe was insignificant negative in both seasons .as well as A. craccivora and A. fabe showed the insignificant positive value in both seasons with relative humidity.

EFFECT OF SPRAYING SOME ORGANIC ACIDS ON CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT DISEASE, YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUGAR BEET

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera, L.) is one of the main economical sugar crops in Egypt. It is infected with Cercospora leaf spot disease, which is caused by Cercospora baticola Sacc. Fungs, which negatively affect the vegetative growth, yield and quality of sugar beet. The results obtained indicated that Cercospora leaf spot disease severity% and relative efficacy% were significantly reduced by spraying beets with 20 g/ L humic acid followed by 2 g/ L boric acid and 50 Mm/ L citric acid compared with the other treatments, in both seasons. Spraying of 1.5 g/ L boric acid treatment led to significant increase in most of traits where, it achieved thickest and heaviest tops and roots/plant and higher values of (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids), sucrose, purity percentages, root and sugar yields/fed in both seasons, as compared to other humic acid levels. Application of 15 g humic/ L significantly affected endogenous phytohormones (gibberellins, auxins, cytokinin and abscisic) and gave the highest values of root diameter, fresh and foliage weights/plant, sucrose and purity percentages as well, sodium and potassium contents, root and sugar yields/fed in both seasons, photosynthetic pigments in leaves in 1st season only compared to the rest of the used levels of humic acid. Foliar application of 50 citric acid/fed increased root diameter, (foliage and fresh weights/plant), sucrose and purity percentages as well, root and sugar yields/fed in both seasons in comparison to that those plants sprayed with (30 and 40 mM/L) and the check treatment. Based on, the previously mentioned combination can be recommended to increase root yield and quality of sugar beet as well as to reduce Cercospora leaf spot disease severity.

EFFECT OF PLANT DENSITY ON SOME MAIZE HYBRIDS PRODUCTIVITY UNDER NEW RECLAIMED SOIL CONDITIONS AT SOUTH SINAI

Two experiments were carried out during the 2020 and 2021 summer seasons at El- Tur area, South Sinai, Egypt to investigate the Response of some maize hybrids (MH) (Zea mays L.). under new reclaimed conditions on plant density (PD) Each experiment included 16 treatments which were four maize hybrids Single crosses (MH) i.e. MH1): S.C. 162; MH2): S.C. 168; MH3): S.C. 176 and MH4): S.C. 178, and four plant density (PD) treatments i.e. PD1): 35 cm; PD2): 30 cm; PD3): 25 cm PD4): 20 cm). Results showed significant differences among some maize hybrids treatments in all studied traits in both seasons. Also, results cleared that values of grain and biological yields were increased by each. The results revealed significant differences between maize hybrids for all studied characters. MH2): S.C. 168 significantly surpassed other studied hybrids in number of rows/ Ear, number of grains/row, Ear length (cm), grain yield/ha, Biological yield/ha, Protein (%), Grain return (LE/ha), Total return (LE/ha) and Net return (LE/ha). MH2): S.C. 178 significantly surpassed other studied hybrids in plant height (cm), Straw yield/ha and Carbohydrate (%) and S.C. 162 significantly surpassed other studied hybrids in 100-grain Weight (g) and Straw return (LE/ha) in the both seasons. Plant density (PD4): 20 cm (62500 plant/ha) significantly surpassed other studied in plant height, number of rows/ Ear, number of grains/row, Ear length (cm), 100-grain Weight (g), grain yield/ha, Straw yield/ha, Biological yield/ha, Protein (%), Carbohydrate (%), Grain return (LE/ha), Straw return (LE/ha), Total return (LE/ha) and Net return (LE/ha) in both seasons. The highest grain yield (8.562 ton/ha in the 1st season and 8.904 ton/ha in the 2nd one produced) from maize hybrids 168 with application of plant density PD4): 20 cm (62500 plant/ha) in both seasons. However, the economic maize grain and straw yields could be obtained from maize hybrids S.C. 162and application of plant density PD4): 20 cm (62500 plant/ha) under El- Tur area, South Sinai of Egypt.

Manure Fertilization for Soybean Crop Production Inoculated with Rhizobium Bacteria Catalyzed by some Micronutrients Foliar Spraying

A field study was carried out during two consecutive summer seasons of 2019 and 2020 at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azahar University, Assiut Governorate (27° 12- 16.67= N latitude and 31° 09- 36.86= E longitude) to examine the impact of manure and some micronutrients application company with Rhizobium bacteria on soybean crop growth and its yield The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The trial consisted of nine treatments as follows (T1: control, T2: inoculation with Rhizobium, T3: sheep manure addition, T4: pigeon manure addition, T5: Rhizobium+ iron + manganese + zinc, T6: Rhizobium + sheep manure, T7: Rhizobium + sheep manure + micro-nutrients, T8: Rhizobium + pigeon manure, T9: Rhizobium + pigeon manure + micronutrients. Inoculation of soybean seeds with Rhizobium and organic fertilization and spraying with micronutrients (T9) resulted in a significant increase in the tested traits (plant height, leaves No./ plant, branches No/ plant, pods No./ plant, seeds No./ pod, seeds No./ Plant, 100-seedweight, seed and biological yields. The T9 treatment gave the highest seed yield of 1.46 and 1.49 ton/ fed that increased by 25.86 and 26.27% in the 1st and 2nd season respectively compared to control treatment (T1) that realized 1.16 and 1.18 ton/ fed for the corresponding seasons. Seed yield was the strongest positively significant correlated with all tested traits in both seasons. So, implement balanced and timely nutrient management practices for soybean contributes to the sustainable growth yield in a good quality.

257 Beef cows with atypical estrous cyclicity at puberty produced calves with deficits in pre-weaning muscling, metabolic indicators, and myoblast function but not in feedlot performance

Abstract Economic beef production requires efficient growth. In our herd, cows were identified that exhibited irregular (start-stop) or absent (non-cyclic) pubertal estrous cyclicity prior to their 1st breeding season. These cows were sub-fertile but weaned heavier calves. Here, we determined if these calves possessed enhanced muscling and metabolic efficiency. Early muscle growth and metabolic indicators, feedlot performance, and carcass traits were evaluated in steer calves from cows that had exhibited normal (typical), start-stop, or non-cyclic pubertal estrous patterns. Start-stop and non-cyclic cows calved later (P < 0.05) than typical cows, but calf birthweights did not differ among groups. Weaning weights tended to be decreased (P = 0.09) in calves from start-stop and non-cyclic cows, but 205-d adjusted weaning weights did not differ. At 3 mo, body composition estimated by bioelectrical impedance revealed a tendency for reduced (P = 0.10) muscle mass in calves from non-cyclic and start-stop compared to typical cows. Plasma cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) and glucose/insulin tended to be increased (P = 0.09) in calves from non-cyclic cows. Plasma urea nitrogen did not differ among groups. Ex vivo proliferation was greater (P < 0.05) for myoblasts isolated from calves of start-stop and non-cyclic compared to typical cows. Total oxidative metabolism did not differ but glycolysis was decreased (P < 0.05) in myoblasts from calves of non-cyclic cows. Feedlot average daily gain and dry matter intake did not differ during growing or finishing. Feed efficiency tended to be increased (P = 0.09) in calves from non-cyclic cows but not when normalized to dressing percentage. Hot carcass weight, dressing percentage, ribeye area, fat thickness, and marbling did not differ among groups. These findings indicate that atypical maternal estrous cyclicity at puberty reduced early muscle growth and metabolism in offspring but not feedlot growth or carcass merit. We speculate that early growth deficits are influenced by inflammatory changes.