3D Model Research Articles

Abstract 4117345: Predicting Downstream Aneurysmal Degeneration Following Type A Dissection Repair With Computational Fluid Dynamics

Introduction: Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) is typically treated by replacement of the ascending aorta (+/- root) and proximal arch. However, 70-85% of patients have residual distal dissection post-repair, and 20-40% require late reoperation for aneurysmal degeneration of the distal aorta (ADDA). Since an individual patient’s risk of ADDA cannot be accurately predicted, current guidelines recommend lifelong aortic surveillance imaging for all patients. Hypothesis: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of aortic hemodynamics post-repair can accurately identify patients at late risk of ADDA. Methods: We performed CFD simulations of 50 patients following hemi-arch replacement for ATAAD. Patient-specific 3D models were generated from the aortic root to iliac bifurcation (including arch branches) from postoperative 0.6mm contrast-enhanced CT angiograms taken <1 year after index repair (Figure). Exclusion criteria were known heritable thoracic aortic disease and absence of residual dissection. The primary outcome was ADDA, defined as late growth of the distal arch/descending thoracic aorta (DTA) to a diameter ≥5.5cm. Hemodynamic simulations were run for 6 cardiac cycles on a high-performance computing cluster using HARVEY, a CFD solver implementing the lattice Boltzmann method. The primary hemodynamic metric was time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) ratio between the false and true lumens. Results: ADDA developed in 22 patients (44%) at a mean of 3.2 years postoperatively. There were no significant clinical differences between those with and without ADDA (Table). The development of late aneurysm growth was significantly associated with a higher TAWSS ratio in the proximal DTA ( p <0.05, Figure). Conclusion: ADDA following hemi-arch repair for ATAAD is associated with significantly higher false lumen TAWSS as early as the first surveillance scan. CFD simulations may help clinicians risk-stratify patients years before they meet reoperation criteria.

A new exvivo human skin model for the topographic and biological analysis of cosmetic formulas.

Existing methods to evaluate skin care products suffer limitations. This is the case for exvivo skin explants, a first-choice 3D model. While essential to analyse mid- to long-term biological effects, this classical model hinders assessing microrelief variations. To circumvent these limitations, we developed an exvivo PERFused EXplant setup (Perfex) that maintains the outer skin surface in the open air, closely mirroring physiological conditions. A custom-designed reservoir enables perfusing the dermal side of explants with buffered, temperature-controlled medium, while the epidermis is subjected to "normal" conditions. Skin tension and characteristics of the stratum corneum, microrelief, histology and immunohistology (collagen types I and III, elastin and fibrillin-1) were analysed and compared to those of explants maintained under conventional conditions or invivo skin. The effects of skin care formulas intended to induce short- and/or mid- to long-term effects were also assessed. Skin explants maintained with the Perfex setup exhibit characteristics (firmness, elasticity, hydration and barrier function) closer to those of invivo skin than with conventional conditions. Moreover, Perfex-maintained explants present no alteration in histology after 7 days and slight variation in the expression of key protein markers. Microrelief characteristics also remain mostly stable over 7 days. Formula applications corroborate that skin tensor-containing products primarily induce short-term changes in the microrelief, while those with biologically active ingredients mainly lead to mid- to long-term effects on the histology and expression of molecular markers. Furthermore, maintaining skin explants with a physiologically relevant skin surface enabled analysing the relationship between microrelief and key markers, showing that fibrillin-1 is the protein most correlated with microrelief characteristics. The Perfex setup allows for similar preservation of skin explant histology and key protein expression as the conventional system, yet it maintains a skin surface close to that of invivo skin. Therefore, it is valuable to analyse both the short- and mid- to long-term impacts of skin care formulas and better comprehend their effects. The Perfex system also offers a new tool for investigating fundamental questions, such as the link that can exist between dermal proteins and skin surface properties.

Design and analysis of pump casing and impeller using reverse engineering technique

Abstract Advances in three-dimensional (3D) laser measurement technology have resulted in progress in the field of Reverse Engineering. This study introduces a Reverse Engineering technique utilized to restore the initial design of a Pump Casing and its Impeller. This study provides a detailed understanding of the creation of the casing and its impeller 3D model by using the scanned model and its detailed steps, and a 3D deviation report is plotted in order to get a complete deviation idea between the scan data and the design extracted. The Casing and Impeller both have a range of upper and lower is +/− 0.75 mm for the deviation measurement. The Casing is that all points are within its limit, and it’s 100% for most points within its limit and the impeller is 90.9% for most points is in its limit.

Exploring Metalloprotease from Dunaliella sp.: Production, Regulation, and Structural Insight

A green microalgal strain, identified as Dunaliella sp., was isolated from the Tunisian southern region. The enhancement of its protein and protease production was performed through culture condition optimization using the response surface methodology. The optimal conditions for protein and protease production were found to be, respectively, (i) NaCl concentrations of 135 and 45.55 g/L, (ii) NaHCO3 concentrations of 0.5 and 1.5 g/L, (iii) temperature of 28 °C for both, and (iv) light intensities of 400 and 100 µmol photons/m2/s. The optimization led to an increase in microalgae protein content from 11.98% ± 0.26 to 18.39% ± 0.10 and microalgae proteolytic activity from 7.36 ± 0.74 U/mg to 12.54 ± 0.86 U/mg. Specific focus was attributed to ATP-dependent metalloprotease, namely, FtsH2, which is involved in numerous cellular processes including cell division, cell differentiation, signal transduction, and stress response. Differential expression of the FtsH2 gene under various stress conditions showed that this expression was upregulated in response to salt stress, gibberellic acid, and Indole-3-butyric acid. A 3D modeling demonstrated two possible arrangements where the ATPase ring shows either a perfect six-fold symmetry with an open circular entrance covering the crucial pore residues, or a translocated model triggered by substrate binding inward movement of the aromatic pore residues.

A New Multi-Axial Functional Stress Analysis Assessing the Longevity of a Ti-6Al-4V Dental Implant Abutment Screw

This study investigates the impact of tightening torque (preload) and the friction coefficient on stress generation and fatigue resistance of a Ti-6Al-4V abutment screw with an internal hexagonal connection under dynamic multi-axial masticatory loads in high-cycle fatigue (HCF) conditions. A three-dimensional model of the implant–abutment assembly was simulated using ANSYS Workbench 16.2 computer aided engineering software with chewing forces ranging from 300 N to 1000 N, evaluated over 1.35 × 107 cycles, simulating 15 years of service. Results indicate that the healthy range of normal to maximal mastication forces (300–550 N) preserved the screw’s structural integrity, while higher loads (≥800 N) exceeded the Ti-6Al-4V alloy’s yield strength, indicating a risk of plastic deformation under extreme conditions. Stress peaked near the end of the occluding phase (206.5 ms), marking a critical temporal point for fatigue accumulation. Optimizing the friction coefficient (0.5 µ) and preload management improved stress distribution, minimized fatigue damage, and ensured joint stability. Masticatory forces up to 550 N were well within the abutment screw’s capacity to sustain extended service life and maintain its elastic behavior.

Analysis of Scattering Mechanisms in SAR Image Simulations of Japanese Wooden Buildings Damaged by Earthquake

The difficulty in identifying collapsed houses and damaged structures in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images after natural disasters represents a significant challenge in the monitoring of urban structural deformation using SAR. SAR image simulation was conducted on a three-dimensional model of a typical wooden building in Japan to analyze the scattering mechanism of the structure in collapsed and uncollapsed states. Based on the physical properties of the buildings, a correlation was established between the simulated SAR image feature signals and the geometric structures of the buildings. The findings indicate that SAR scattering is more uniform for uncollapsed structures, which is predominantly influenced by their geometry. At low incidence angles, single reflections were the predominant phenomenon, whereas at high incidence angles, multiple reflections became more prevalent. The uncollapsed building’s facade formed a dihedral angle, exhibiting bright lines in the SAR image. Multiple reflections occurred at the edges of the building and floor junctions. These findings follow the theoretical predictions. In the case of the collapsed buildings, multiple reflections occurred with greater frequency, and irregular scattering was observed. Notwithstanding the augmented scattering pathways, some walls nevertheless manifested single reflections. The collapsed structures demonstrated a reduced sensitivity to alterations in the angle of incidence.

IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOLOGICAL BASIS OF COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT TARGETS

This article proposes a new method for identifying different groups of reservoirs when constructing a three-dimensional geological and hydrodynamic model of the target. Productive formations of the Bajocian and Bathonian stages of the Jurassic system of the Kalamkas field were selected as the object of study. This field is tectonically associated with the northern part of the North Buzachinsky arch, located at the northwestern end of the Turan plate. It was noted that these productive deposits have a complex geological structure, due in lithological terms to uneven alternation of sand-siltstone and clay rocks. In addition, four different reservoir classes are identified within each tier, which are characterized by their own permeability-porosity correlation relationships. As a result, for reliable construction of the filtration field, it is necessary to determine the distribution zones of each of the identified reservoir classes within the reservoir. This is due to the fact that due to the different filtration field, the development of reserves from each group of reservoirs will occur unevenly both in area and in section. In this regard, the integrated Flow Zone Indicator (FZI) was evaluated using the results of laboratory core studies. In order to obtain a continuous FZI parameter for wells without core sampling and laboratory analysis, the results of laboratory studies were compared with the results of well geophysical studies (well logging). As a result, analytical dependence of FZI and log data was obtained. Based on this analytical dependence, new three-dimensional models were constructed and zones of distribution of different groups of reservoirs were identified. To verify the obtained results, the synthetic FZI curve calculated from the obtained analytical relationship was compared with the FZI estimate based on the results of laboratory core studies. It is concluded that the synthetic FZI curve is consistent with the FZI estimate based on the results of laboratory core studies and, therefore, the proposed approach can be used when performing work related to 3D modeling.

Unveiling the impact of hypodermis on gene expression for advancing bioprinted full-thickness 3D skin models.

3D skin models have been explored as an alternative method to the use of animals in research and development. Usually, human skin equivalents comprise only epidermis or epidermis/dermis layers. Herein, we leverage 3D bioprinting technology to fabricate a full-thickness human skin equivalent with hypodermis (HSEH). The collagen hydrogel-based structure provides a mimetic environment for skin cells to adhere, proliferate and differentiate. The effective incorporation of the hypodermis layer is evidenced by scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The transcriptome results underscore the pivotal role of the hypodermis in orchestrating the genetic expression of a multitude of genes vital for skin functionality, including hydration, development and differentiation. Accordingly, we evidence the paramount significance of full-thickness human skin equivalents with hypodermis layer to provide an accurate in vitro platform for disease modeling and toxicology studies.

Using augmented reality in 3D modeling and geovisualization of urban design patterns and landscape projection

Using augmented reality in 3D modeling and geovisualization of urban design patterns and landscape projection

DDDR-27. BMP SIGNALING MODULATES APOPTOTIC AND NON-APOPTOTIC CELL DEATH IN GLIOBLASTOMA

Abstract Recurrence occurs in approximately 90% of glioblastoma (GBM) patients, in part due to the tumors becoming resistant to cell death in response to existing therapies. These therapies often trigger apoptosis; however, apoptosis is only one of several different forms of cell death. We hypothesize that activating non-canonical death mechanisms could provide a back door to killing treatment-resistant GBM cells. To test this hypothesis, we first developed a new imaging-based high-throughput method to directly quantify cell death in 3D models. Using this method, we find patient-derived GBM spheroids to be resistant to the induction of cell death in response to various standard-of-care and experimental therapeutic compounds. To further investigate mechanisms underlying this resistance, we screened a panel of extracellular protein ligands for the modulation of cell death response. We find that bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling increases resistance to several apoptosis-inducing compounds, including temozolomide and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Intriguingly, BMP signaling simultaneously enhanced sensitivity to a novel non-apoptotic cell death pathway triggered by the small molecule CIL56. Efforts are ongoing to further understand how BMP signaling governs apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death mechanisms. Nevertheless, our results suggest a novel approach to treating GBM, centered upon the modulation of BMP signaling combined with the use of agents that induce non-apoptotic cell death.

Molecular dynamics simulations of a multicellular model with cell-cell interactions and Hippo signaling pathway.

The transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ) induces cell proliferation through nuclear localization at low cell density. Conversely, at extremely high cell density, the Hippo pathway, which regulates YAP/TAZ, is activated. This activation leads to the translocation of YAP/TAZ into the cytoplasm, resulting in cell cycle arrest. Various cancer cells have several times more YAP/TAZ than normal cells. However, it is not entirely clear whether this several-fold increase in YAP/TAZ alone is sufficient to overcome proliferation inhibition (contact inhibition) under high-density conditions, thereby allowing continuous proliferation. In this study, we construct a three-dimensional (3D) mathematical model of cell proliferation incorporating the Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway. Herein, a significant innovation in our approach is the introduction of a novel modeling component that inputs cell density, which reflects cell dynamics, into the Hippo pathway and enables the simulation of cell proliferation as the output response. We assume such 3D model with cell-cell interactions by solving reaction and molecular dynamics (MD) equations by applying adhesion and repulsive forces that act between cells and frictional forces acting on each cell. We assume Lennard-Jones (12-6) potential with a softcore character so that each cell secures its exclusive domain. We set cell cycles composed of mitotic and cell growth phases in which cells divide and grow under the influence of cell kinetics. We perform mathematical simulations at various YAP/TAZ levels to investigate the extent of YAP/TAZ increase required for sustained proliferation at high density. The results show that a twofold increase in YAP/TAZ levels of cancer cells was sufficient to evade cell cycle arrest compared to normal cells, enabling cells to continue proliferating even under high-density conditions. Finally, this mathematical model, which incorporates cell-cell interactions and the Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway, may be applicable for evaluating cancer malignancy based on YAP/TAZ levels, developing drugs to suppress the abnormal proliferation of cancer cells, and determining appropriate drug dosages. The source codes are freely available.

Optimization Design of Hull Compartment Structure Based on 3D Modeling

Optimization Design of Hull Compartment Structure Based on 3D Modeling

TMOD-28. MODELING MICROENVIRONMENTAL DYNAMICS: A NOVEL 3D GLIOMA-NEURON FUSION MODEL

Abstract Gliomas engage in bidirectional interactions with their microenvironment, wherein neuronal activity influences glioma proliferation and gliomas induce neuronal hyperexcitability. Although various models elucidate this complex interplay, a preference for a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model has emerged to mimic intra-tumoral heterogeneity and microenvironmental interactions influencing glioma invasion, resistance, and recurrence. This study introduces an in vitro, self-assembled, scaffold-free, neuron-glioma spheroid fusion model to investigate the electrophysiological and functional interplay between glioma and its microenvironment. Primary mouse cortical neurons (MCN) were isolated from prenatal brain tissues and were cultured at 500,000 cells/spheroid on ultra-low attachment plates. Glioma organoids (WHO Grade 2-4) were developed from primary patient-derived tissue samples and were allowed to self-assemble for at least two weeks. After spontaneous spiking activity was detected in MCN spheroids, they were combined with glioma organoids in culture and allowed to fuse. A multielectrode array (MEA) was used to characterize the electrophysiological properties of the fusion model. Structural and functional characterizations were performed using immunofluorescence staining of proliferation, microglial, astrocytic, synaptic, and tumor markers. Additionally, the electrophysiological effects of the dual-IDH-mutant inhibitor, Vorasidenib, were assessed in WHO grade 2-4 IDH-mutant gliomas. Electrophysiological analysis of glioma-neuron co-cultures using MEA demonstrated a significantly increased network synchrony and firing rate in the fusion model when compared with the neuron-only condition, consistent with 2D models in the past. In correlation, the fusion model also demonstrated a significant increase in the Ki67 proliferation index across WHO grade 2-4 gliomas when compared to the glioma organoid-only condition. Vorasidenib treatment decreased neuronal firing rate and synchrony. Together, these results offer a high-throughput 3D model for recapitulating the tumor-brain microenvironment for both low and high-grade gliomas. Future studies will focus on the use of this model for drug screening and the exploration of malignant transformation in gliomas.

Energy absorption characteristics and auxetic effect of novel elliptic-arc re-entrant honeycomb structures

The novel elliptical-arc re-entrant honeycomb (ERH) is designed by substituting the straight inclined struts within the re-entrant honeycomb with elliptical-arc struts. To assess its performance effectively, the study established the 3D equivalent Cauchy model (3D-ECM) and 2D equivalent Kirchhoff–Love model (2D-EKM) using the variational asymptotic method. The equivalent properties derived from the unit-cell constitutive model were integrated into the equivalent models for macroscopic analysis. Through 3D printing experiments and numerical simulations, the model’s accuracy in predicting the compression behaviors and auxetic effects of various uni- and multi-cellular ERHs under uniaxial compression, as well as the three-point bending behaviors of ERH panels were confirmed. In addition, this model substantially simplifies the modeling process, leading to a 8-fold increase in computational efficiency. Parametric analyses demonstrated that the ERH structure can uphold a beneficial auxetic effect while achieving lightweight and high strength characteristics when the axial ratio of the ellipse equals 1.25. Furthermore, ERH structures outperform arc-shaped re-entrant and regular re-entrant honeycombs in energy absorption and specific energy absorption capacity. These findings offer valuable insights for the preliminary design and optimization of ERH structures.

Estimating Cooling Energy Demand from Building Attributes and Environmental Parameters using 3D City Models

Abstract. Most of the global population have shifted to urbanization with advancements in technology. With this transition comes the responsibility of applying these technologies to promote sustainable development practice. Since energy demand is highest in the urbanized areas, it is important that proper assessment and management of energy resource is considered in policy-making and urban planning. This study investigated the estimation of cooling energy demand in Iloilo City Proper, Philippines using a 3D city model integrated with building attributes including building functions and year of construction, while also taking into consideration meteorological factors in the area. The proposed method used the application SimStadt2.0, following the German computation standard DINV18599. Building functions and year of construction were extracted from available building attributes data and satellite images respectively, using the free and open-source software QGIS. A CityGML Level of Detail 1 was generated from 3Dfier using building footprints and LiDAR point cloud data, along with the extracted building attributes of the 5,426 buildings. Meteorological data from INSEL 8 were also considered in the estimation of cooling energy demand in SimStadt2.0. Results showed a monthly energy demand of 12.33 kWh to 313,530.08 kWh in the study area. The estimated energy demand values were higher than the standard mean for different building functions in the country, but within the expected range of values for each season. Urban Heat Islands (UHIs), analyzed using Land Surface Temperature (LST) values, also have significant correlation to areas with higher cooling energy demands. However, inconsistencies can imply the need for further investigation.

Nonlinear Stress-Induced Transformations in Collagen Fibrillar Organization, Disorder and Strain Mechanisms in the Bone-Cartilage Unit.

By developing a 3D X-ray modeling and spatially correlative imaging method for fibrous collagenous tissues, this study provides a comprehensive mapping of nanoscale deformation in the collagen fibril network across the intact bone-cartilage unit (BCU), whose healthy functioning is critical for joint function and preventing degeneration. Extracting the 3D fibril structure from 2D small-angle X-ray scattering before and during physiological compression reveals of dominant deformation modes, including crystallinity transitions, lateral fibril compression, and reorientation, which vary in a coupled, nonlinear, and correlated manner across the cartilage-bone interface. A distinct intermolecular arrangement of collagen molecules, and enhanced molecular-level disorder, is found in the cartilage (sliding) surface region. Just below, fibrils accommodate tissue strain by reorientation, which transitions molecular-level kinking or loss of crystallinity in the deep zone. Crystalline fibrils laterally shrink far more (20×) than they contract, possibly by water loss from between tropocollagen molecules. With the calcified plate acting as an anchor for surrounding tissue, a qualitative switch occurs in fibrillar deformation between the articular cartilage and calcified regions. These findings significantly advance this understanding of the complex, nonlinear ultrastructural dynamics at this critical interface, and opens avenues for developing targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for musculoskeletal disorders.

LociPARSE: A Locality-aware Invariant Point Attention Model for Scoring RNA 3D Structures.

A scoring function that can reliably assess the accuracy of a 3D RNA structural model in the absence of experimental structure is not only important for model evaluation and selection but also useful for scoring-guided conformational sampling. However, high-fidelity RNA scoring has proven to be difficult using conventional knowledge-based statistical potentials and currently available machine learning-based approaches. Here, we present lociPARSE, a locality-aware invariant point attention architecture for scoring RNA 3D structures. Unlike existing machine learning methods that estimate superposition-based root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), lociPARSE estimates Local Distance Difference Test (lDDT) scores capturing the accuracy of each nucleotide and its surrounding local atomic environment in a superposition-free manner, before aggregating information to predict global structural accuracy. Tested on multiple datasets including CASP15, lociPARSE significantly outperforms existing statistical potentials (rsRNASP, cgRNASP, DFIRE-RNA, and RASP) and machine learning methods (ARES and RNA3DCNN) across complementary assessment metrics. lociPARSE is freely available at https://github.com/Bhattacharya-Lab/lociPARSE.

Scalp condition improvement with botanical extracts possessing chemical and physical antioxidant activity.

Oxidative stress is implicated in scalp and hair health manifesting in several ways, including skin barrier, hair retention, healthy hair appearance and scalp sensation. We previously linked markers of oxidative damage to dandruff and skin barrier impairment and have linked key anti-dandruff technologies to the resolution of these issues. Here we expand the therapeutic space demonstrating many botanical extracts offer protective benefits against ROS stress via both chemical and biological antioxidant mechanisms. Chemical antioxidant activity of 10 botanical extracts was measured using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and biological antioxidant activity was measured using a Nrf-2 cell assay. A three-dimensional human keratinocyte skin equivalent model from MatTek was used to measure efficacy of reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) from both the botanicals added as a solution and from a shampoo product. A 4-week consumer study with 56 panels was conducted with a leave-on treatment containing a botanical extract. Measurement of the oxidized lipids (9 and 13-Hydroxy-10E 12Z-octadecadienoic acid, HODE) extracted from scalp tape strips was made using gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS). We demonstrated invitro that many botanical extracts exert antioxidant activity by quenching radicals in ORAC testing as well as activating biological antioxidant pathways via nrf-2 up-regulation in a cellular reporter system. Furthermore, we demonstrate these antioxidant activities for these botanicals in 3D skin models and ultimately show the reduction of lipid oxidation products in a consumer use context with a rosemary extract. Improved scalp condition can be achieved with incorporation of botanicals having the potential to exert antioxidant activity in hair/scalp care products.

EXTH-61. TOWARDS A QUANTUM THERAPY FOR GLIOBLASTOMA: A NEW THERAPEUTIC PARADIGM IN MEDICINE

Abstract BACKGROUND A cell operates as an interconnected bioelectrical circuit, utilising electron transfer processes for intracellular communication, with cytochrome c (Cyt c) playing a pivotal role. The redox processes of Cyt c, occurring via electron tunnelling, are essential for its translocation into the cytosol and modulation of its conformation to bind apoptotic protease activating factor 1. This highlights the need for novel technologies capable of interacting with these processes at the atomic scale to control downstream effects and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. METHODS We demonstrate that ‘bio-nanoantennae’, when supplied with an electrical current, enable quantum biological tunnelling for electron transfer (QBET) and facilitate cellular apoptosis in patient-derived IDH wild-type glioblastoma from both the infiltrative tumour margin and proliferative core. The bio-nanoantennae were constructed from gold nanoparticles functionalised with reduced Cyt c and zinc porphyrin as a redox couple. RESULTS Electrical polarisation of these bio-nanoantennae via resonant alternating currents in preclinical glioblastoma cells led to decreased metabolic activity and reduced cell viability by oxidizing Cyt c, thus inducing cellular stress. No significant effect was observed in healthy human astrocyte counterparts. The cytosol localised bio-nanoantennae induced differential gene expression related to ion channels, apoptosis, cancer proliferation and tumour suppression upon activation, in tumour relative to astrocyte cell populations. The bio-nanoantennae were also tested in 3D glioblastoma spheroid models, showing similar effects, and in vivo studies demonstrated a significant reduction in glioblastoma xenograft tumour size. CONCLUSION We propose that bio-nanoantennae modulate the redox state of Cyt c under an electrical field through QBET. To validate this, we investigated the tunnel junction energy and plasmon resonance scattering, and developed a mathematical model to explain the system’s behaviour. This innovative wireless electrical–molecular nanodevice, capable of inducing cancer cell apoptosis, paves the way for further applications of quantum signalling as a new (non-pharmacological) therapeutic paradigm.

3D bioprinted in vitro epilepsy models for pharmacological evaluation in temporal lobe epilepsy

This study introduces a novelin vitromodel for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) utilizing 3D bioprinting technology, aiming to replicate the complex neurobiological characteristics of TLE more accurately. Primary neural cell constructs were fabricated and subjected to epileptiform-inducing conditions, fostering synaptic proliferation and neuronal loss. Systematically electrophysiological and immunofluorescent analyses indicated that significant synaptic connectivity and sustained epileptiform activities within the constructs akin to those observed in human epilepsy models. Notably, the model responded to treatments with phenytoin and tetrodotoxin, illustrating its potential utility in drug response kinetics studies. Furthermore, we performed drug permeability simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics to analyze the diffusion characteristics of these drugs within the constructs. These results confirm that our 3D bioprinted neural model provides a physiologically relevant and ethically sustainable platform, which is beneficial for studying TLE mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies with high accuracy and clinical relevance.