3D Computer Research Articles

Kajian Tindak Tutur Dalam Film Bilal: A New Breed of Hero

Bilal: a new breed of hero is a 3d computer animation film produced Arabic using English directed by ayman jamal and khurram h. alavi in 2015 and released in 2016. Although the film is English in general, it is also produced in Arabic. The study focuses on illocution and perlocution speech act by using Austin and searle's speech of acts theories in order to find out what a speaker and his type's speech represents in the Arabic version of bilal: a new breed of hero. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The results of the study reveal that there are four types of illocution speech acts which are aserctive, directive, commissive and expressive. For perlocutions speech act is found in two types, there are non-verbal perlocution and verbal non-verbal perlocution

Convergence study of traditional 2D/1D coupling method for k-eigenvalue neutron transport problems with Fourier analysis

2D/1D coupling method is an important neutron transport calculation method due to its high accuracy and relatively low computation cost. However, 2D/1D coupling method may diverge especially in small axial mesh size. To analyze the convergence behavior of 2D/1D coupling method, a Fourier analysis for k-eigenvalue neutron transport problems is implemented. The analysis results present the divergence problem of 2D/1D coupling method in small axial mesh size. Several common attempts are made to solve the divergence problem, which are to increase the number of inner iterations of the 2D or 1D calculation, and two times 1D calculations per outer iteration. However, these attempts only could improve the convergence rate but cannot deal with the divergence problem of 2D/1D coupling method thoroughly. Moreover, the choice of axial solvers, such as DGFEM SN and traditional SN, and its effect on the convergence behavior are also discussed. The results show that the choice of axial solver is a key point for the convergence of 2D/1D method. The DGFEM SN based 2D/1D method could converge within a wide range of optical thickness region, which is superior to that of traditional SN method.

Modelling and Estimation of Coal Resources Using Circular Method in Beringin Makmur II Area, North Musi Rawas Regency

The Muaraenim Formation is a coal-bearing formation located in the South Sumatra Basin. The research location is in the Beringin Makmur 2 area, North Musi Rawas Regency, which is included in the Airbenakat and Muaraenim Formations. The aim of this research is to do 2-dimensional and/or 3-dimensional modeling in the research area to determine the feasibility of the mining process. The feasibility test of a coal seam body will be used as a study for the next stage, namely resource estimation. The method for calculating coal resources is the USG circularS method based on drill log data. The following data is needed, such as drilling data for 64 drill points, regional geological data and survey data at the research location or mining business permit (IUP) location. Then an analysis will be carried out so that 3D subsurface modeling and calculation of coal resources can be continued. Based on the research results, it was found that there were 3 coal seams with updip in the north direction and downdip in the south direction N1800E - N1820E. In the research area, synclines were found that affected the distribution of coal. Interpretation of the 3D model is obtained from the correlation between drilling data and survey data. The results of the calculation using the USGS circular method, the estimated tonnage of inferred resources is 91,840,000 tons, indicated resources are 55,330,000 tons, measured resources are 235,870,000 tons so that the overall estimate of the coal seams is 383,040,000 million tons/ton.

Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Quantum Chemical, and Molecular Docking Studies of 2-Cyano-N-Cyclopropylacetamide and 2-Cyano-N-(1-Phenylethyl)Acetamide

2-Cyano-N-cyclopropylacetamide (2CCPA) and 2-cyano-N-(1-phenylethyl) acetamide (2CPEA) compounds were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV-Vis, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectrum analyses. Density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP and HF techniques with 6-31++G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets were used to determine the optimal molecular geometry, vibrational wavenumbers, infrared intensities, and Raman scattering activities. To get better results for the computed data, the vibrational wavenumbers are additionally adjusted with a scaling factor. 2CCPA and 2CPEA were investigated for their MEP, NBO analysis, NLO behavior, and thermodynamic characteristics. To determine the chemically active locations, the MEP and ELF have been illustrated. Fukui functions have shown the electrophilic and nucleophilic areas. The (GIAO) technique was used to compute the molecule 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) chemical shifts. UV-Vis and HOMO-LUMO studies, which characterize charge transfer between atoms in a molecule, have been used to elucidate the electronic characteristics of 2CCPA and 2CPEA molecules. The minimal binding energy was obtained using 2D and 3D molecular docking calculations on 2CCPA and 2CPEA to examine hydrogen bond interactions. Molecular docking methods were employed with 2CCPA and 2CPEA molecules with the different protein receptors (1H23, 1QXK, 1ZXM, 3PTA, 4JS9, 2C5Y, ABW, 3RDE, 6GU7, and 6J7A) t and -o find the best of two molecules for drug identification and binding energy was found to be −5.8 and −7.5 kcal/mol. A molecular dynamics simulation was used to explore biomolecular stability.

Seismic Performance Assessment of a Tall RC Building Retrofitted with Shear Walls

Reinforced concrete (RC) buildings are the most commonly constructed structural forms across the world, and equally common is its susceptibility to damage during any seismic activity. Thus, there is especially a need to correctly assess and study the behaviour of RC structures, particularly the tall RC buildings. Tall RC buildings are increasingly becoming popular nowadays because they provide abundant floor area, where the land available for construction is less due to the rapid urbanisation. The understanding of the seismic performance of such buildings makes the seismic retrofitting procedures convenient and optimal to use. Seismic retrofitting measures are present in plenty for RC structures, each of which is used according to the need or the damage level incurred in the structure or its components. The present study thus focusses on a G+14 tall reinforced concrete (RC) building that was severely damaged during the 2015 Nepal Earthquake and was being retrofitted located at the Hattiban area in Nepal. As recommended in the recently developed guidelines for tall RC structures in IS 16700, the use of a 3D computer model is necessary for the seismic analysis and structural safety assessment of tall buildings. Thus, seismic performance is assessed using the structural analysis program SAP2000 for non-linear analysis of the considered structure. Further, seismic fragilities at specific damage levels are also determined.

Development of FEM Calculation Methods to Analyse Subcooled Boiling Heat Transfer in Minichannels Based on Experimental Results

Even though two-phase heat transfer of refrigerants in minichannel heat sinks has been studied extensively, there is still a demand for improvements in overall thermal performance of miniature heat transfer exchangers. Experimental investigation and sophisticated heat transfer calculations with respect to heat transfer devices are still needed. In this work, a time-dependent experimental study of subcooled boiling was carried out for FC-72 flow in a heat sink, comprising of five asymmetrically heated minichannels. The heater surface temperature was continuously monitored by an infrared camera. The boiling heat transfer characteristics were investigated and the effect of the mass flow rate on the heat transfer coefficient was studied. In order to solve the heat transfer problem related to time-dependent flow boiling, two numerical methods, based on the FEM were applied, and based on the Trefftz functions (FEMT) and using the ADINA program. The results achieved with these two calculation methods were explored with an emphasis on the impact of the mass flow rate (range from 5 to 55 kg/h) on the resulting heat transfer coefficient. It was found that, with increasing mass flow, the heat transfer coefficient increased. Good agreement was found between the heat transfer coefficients, determined according to two numerical methods and the simple 1D calculation method.

Calculation of effective properties of geocomposites based on computed tomography images

Biot’s parameter is included in the formula for calculating effective stresses and should be taken into account when assessing the stress-strain state of a water-saturated rock mass. A method for calculating Biot’s tensor parameter based on asymptotic averaging of the equilibrium equation for a fluid-saturated porous medium is proposed. Calculations of elastic properties and Biot’s coefficient were carried out on various types of rocks - limestone, dolomite, hyaloclastite, basalt. The calculations were carried out using 3D models of geocomposites built from X-ray computed tomography images. The results of 3D calculations of Young's modulus and Biot’s coefficient coincided with the results of experimental determinations of these properties by the ultrasonic method. This fact shows the expediency of using a computational approach that implements asymptotic averaging to estimate the effective properties using 3D models of the real rock structure. The results of 3D and 2D simulation of effective properties of geocomposites are compared. 2D models were built using photographs of rock sections. It was found that the values of Young's modulus and Biot’s parameter for 2D models differ from the corresponding experimental and 3D calculation results by 20-30 %. Therefore, 2D modeling is not suitable for evaluating the effective properties of porous geomaterials. Based on the results of calculations and experiments, the dependences of Young's modulus and Biot’s coefficient on porosity were obtained and studied. These dependencies are used in non-linear numerical simulation of the consolidation of water-saturated soils. The results of the study showed that Biot’s coefficient does not depend on Young's modulus of the rock skeleton material. The influence of the pore shape on Young's modulus and Biot’s coefficient was studied using 2D calculations. A method for predicting the shape of pores from the values of porosity and Young's modulus using neural networks is proposed. Using this method, a specific algorithm for predicting the shape of pores in hyaloclastites has been implemented and studied.

Influence of Pipeline Leakage on the Ground Settlement around the Tunnel during Shield Tunneling

Shield tunneling is widely used in urban subway tunnel construction. Old urban underground pipelines generally have small leakages that are difficult to find. The water leakage significantly reduces the stability of the stratum, posing a threat to the safety of tunnel shield construction. Therefore, this study established 2D and 3D calculation models for analyzing the law of the leakage diffusion in the ground under water pressure, and the influences of the pipeline leakage range and leakage length on the changes in ground settlement during shield tunneling. The 2D model calculation results show that seepage water mainly diffuses vertically under gravity. As the pipeline leakage gradually reaches a predetermined depth, the simulation results tend to be consistent with the test results. The 3D model is more accurate than the theoretical solution in predicting the ground settlement because it can consider the influences of repeated disturbances in twin tunnel shield construction. The maximum ground surface settlement increases with the extent of the leakage length and leakage range, and the range is the main factor determining the settlement. At the interior of the ground, the seepage water has a greater impact on areas with strong disturbances and large soil losses.

An Update on the Momentum 360 Method of Vehicle Impact Reconstruction through 3D Modeling and Computer Simulation

Although vehicles as a whole are symmetric, car crashes rarely follow the symmetric line (crashes are axisymmetric). In this paper, we examine car crashes by an updated Momentum 360 method, and car symmetry helps us easily find out what happens within the accident. We propose an improvement of the Momentum 360 method by taking into account the frictional forces between the wheels and the road surface during the time of impact. According to the momentum change theorem for the duration of the impact for each car and the kinetic moment change theorem for the relative motion of the given vehicle around its center of mass, the impact problem is introduced and solved. The solution considers the impulses of the principal vectors of the wheel friction forces, the gravity force, and the aerodynamic force for each car at the time of impact, as well as the principal moments of the friction forces between the tires and the road surface as a function of time. A mechano-mathematical multi-mass 3D model and a computer simulation of the movement (“Expertcar” software) are used to study the movement of each vehicle after the impact. Through successive approximations, the velocity vectors of the mass centers of the vehicle immediately before the impact are determined, and the location of the impact is identified. The presented decision model significantly improves the accuracy of road accident investigations.

Analysis of Eevee Engine Rendering Engineering in Making 3D Animation Videos Mukomuko Hospital

Blender is a free and open source 3D computer software, Blender is used to create animated films, visual effects, and video games. This software features 3D modeling, UV unwrapping, texturing, ringing and skinning, fluid and smoke simulation, particle simulation, animating, match moving, camera tracking, rendering, video editing, compositing and a built-in game engine. Where we can design and create 3D animated films not only as a medium of entertainment in cinema, but also can be used in various fields including visual socialization media, which can bring new colors in the delivery of information. The formulation of this research is to determine how long the render time is generated to perform the rendering process using the Eevee rendering engine in Blender Software with a video duration of 54 seconds and a resolution of 320, 720, 1080 pixels on the 3D animation video of Mukomuko Hospital and the quality of the graphics/visuals produced by Eevee rendering engine. The animation video used is the 3D animation “Mukomuko Hospital”. The process of making animation using Blender 3D application and Adobe Premiere CC animation video design. The software used is Blender 2.82. The duration of the video analyzed using Eevee Engine Render is 54 seconds. The image resolution analyzed using the Eevee Engine is 320, 720 and 1080 pixels. The conclusion of this research is in the pre, production and post production process of 3D animation video at RSUD Mukomuko in accordance with the planning made previously. The rendering time generated to perform the rendering process using the Eevee rendering engine in Blender Software with a video duration of 54 seconds and a resolution of 320, 720, 1080 pixels, obtained various results with their respective advantages and disadvantages.

3D slicer-based calculation of hematoma irregularity index for predicting hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage

BackgroundIrregular hematoma is considered as a risk sign of hematoma expansion. The aim of this study was to quantify hematoma irregularity with computed tomography based on 3D Slicer.MethodsPatients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage who underwent an initial and subsequent non-contrast computed tomography (CT) at a single medical center between January 2019 to January 2020 were retrospectively identified. The Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) standard images were loaded into the 3D Slicer, and the surface area (S) and volume (V) of hematoma were calculated. The hematoma irregularity index (HII) was defined as frac{sqrt{S/pi}}2/sqrt[3]{3V/4pi}times100. Logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to assess predictive performance of HII.ResultsThe enrolled patients were divided into those with hematoma enlargement (n = 36) and those without the enlargement (n = 57). HII in hematoma expansion group was 130.4 (125.1–140.0), and the index in non-enlarged hematoma group was 118.6 (113.5-122.3). There was significant difference in HII between the two groups (P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the HII was significantly associated with hematoma expansion before (odds ratio = 1.203, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.115–1.298; P < 0.001) and after adjustment for age, hematoma volume, Glasgow Coma Scale score (odds ratio = 1.196, 95% CI, 1.102–1.298, P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.86 (CI, 0.78–0.93, P < 0.01), and the best cutoff of HII for predicting hematoma growth was 123.8.ConclusionAs a quantitative indicator of irregular hematoma, HII can be calculated using the 3D Slicer. And the HII was independently correlated with hematoma expansion.

Experimental Investigation and CFD Analysis of Pressure Drop in an ORC Boiler for a WHRS Implementation

Waste heat dissipated in the exhaust system of a combustion engine represents a major source of energy to be recovered and converted into useful work. The Waste Heat Recovery System (WHRS) based in an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is an approach for recovering energy from heat sources, achieving a significant reduction in fuel consumption and, as a result, exhaust emissions. This paper studies pressure drop in an ORC shell-and-tubes boiler for a WHRS implementation experimentally and with computational simulations based on a 1-dimensional heat transfer model coupled with 3D calculations. An experimental database is developed, using ethanol in a pressure range of 10-15 absolute bar as working fluid, with mass fluxes inside the tubes in the range of 349.31 kg/s-m2 and 523.97 kg/s-m2, and inlet temperatures in the range of 60 °C and 80 °C. Thus, the friction factor of different regions of the boiler were estimated using both CFD simulations, experimental data, and bibliographic correlations. Simulations of operating points and the results of the experimental test bench showed good agreement in pressure drop results, with a mean absolute error of 15.47%, without a significant increment in the computational cost.

A Method to Study the Influence of the Pesticide Load on the Detailed Distribution Law of Downwash for Multi-Rotor UAV

Multi-rotor plant protection Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have suitable terrain adaptability and efficient ultra-low altitude spraying capacity, which is a significant development direction in efficient plant protection equipment. The interaction mechanisms of the wind field, droplet, and crop are unclear, and have become the bottleneck factor restricting the improvement of the deposition quality. This paper suggests a method to study the influence of the pesticide load on the detailed distribution law of downwash for a six-rotor UAV. Based on a hexahedral structured mesh, a 3D numerical calculation model was established. Analysis showed that the relative errors between the simulated and measured velocities in the z-axis were less than 11% when the downwash air flow was stable. Numerical simulations were carried out for downwash in hover under 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 kg loads. The effect of load on the airflow was evident, and the greater the load was, the higher the wind speed of downwash would be. Then, the influence of wing interference on the distribution of airflow would be more pronounced. Furthermore, under the rotation of the rotor and the extrusion of external atmospheric pressure, the “trumpet” phenomenon appeared in the downwash airflow area. As an extension, the phenomenon of the “shrinkage–expansion” was shown in the longitudinal section under heavy load, while the phenomenon of “shrinkage–expansion–shrinkage” was present under light load. After that, based on the detailed analysis of the downwash wind field, the spray height of this multi-rotor UAV was suggested to be 2.5 m or higher, and the nozzle was recommended to be mounted directly under the rotor and to have the same rotation direction as the rotor. The research in this paper lays a solid foundation for the proposal of the three-zone overlapping matching theory of wind field, droplet settlement, and canopy shaking.

Comprehensive Review of Deep Learning-Based 3D Point Cloud Completion Processing and Analysis

Point cloud completion is a generation and estimation issue derived from the partial point clouds, which plays a vital role in the applications in 3D computer vision. The progress of deep learning (DL) has impressively improved the capability and robustness of point cloud completion. However, the quality of completed point clouds is still needed to be further enhanced to meet the practical utilization. Therefore, this work aims to conduct a comprehensive survey on various methods, including point-based, convolution-based, graph-based, and generative model-based approaches, etc. And this survey summarizes the comparisons among these methods to provoke further research insights. Besides, this review sums up the commonly used datasets and illustrates the applications of point cloud completion. Eventually, we also discussed possible research trends in this promptly expanding field.

Augmented reality and tangible user interfaces as an extension of computational design tools

Abstract The paper envisions the use of Augmented Reality (AR) as an interactive and communication tool utilized in the architectural design research, education, and practice. It summarises the current knowledge and various applications of this immersive technology in both the theoretical and practical field and focuses on a particular type of the AR implementation – tangible user interfaces (TUI) – in a computational design context. The outcome of the research is an adaptation of the originally GRASS-GIS-powered Tangible Landscape tool into Grasshopper 3D environment, which is more accurate and suitable for the architectural design workflow with respect to 3D computation, algorithmic modelling and different scale management. The newly prototyped tool is reactive to the modifications of the physical model and projects the computed additional information on it in real time and thus can communicate with the designer or observer, which results in a more interactive, haptic man-machine interface. The projected and visualised data on the physical model are the outcome of the computing algorithm designed in Grasshopper that allows for a wide range of applications, including the visualisation of shadows and solar potential analysis and thus depicts the physical model in multiple dimensions. Furthermore, the article discusses the potential and further development of this tool as well as the possibilities of layering different AR technologies in the subsequent research.

Unsupervised Learning of Local Equivariant Descriptors for Point Clouds.

Correspondences between 3D keypoints generated by matching local descriptors are a key step in 3D computer vision and graphic applications. Learned descriptors are rapidly evolving and outperforming the classical handcrafted approaches in the field. Yet, to learn effective representations they require supervision through labeled data, which are cumbersome and time-consuming to obtain. Unsupervised alternatives exist, but they lag in performance. Moreover, invariance to viewpoint changes is attained either by relying on data augmentation, which is prone to degrading upon generalization on unseen datasets, or by learning from handcrafted representations of the input which are already rotation invariant but whose effectiveness at training time may significantly affect the learned descriptor. We show how learning an equivariant 3D local descriptor instead of an invariant one can overcome both issues. LEAD (Local EquivAriant Descriptor) combines Spherical CNNs to learn an equivariant representation together with plane-folding decoders to learn without supervision. Through extensive experiments on standard surface registration datasets, we show how our proposal outperforms existing unsupervised methods by a large margin and achieves competitive results against the supervised approaches, especially in the practically very relevant scenario of transfer learning.

A benchmark problem for the verification of numerical calculation methods considering magnetic hysteresis

Previously, 36 TEAM benchmark problems have been established, used to verify the numerical calculation methods of electromagnetic fields. Among them, there is only one problem related to the magnetic field considering magnetic hysteresis, which is problem 32. The results of it are obtained by experimental measurement. In this paper, a same kind of benchmark problem is proposed, in which the field results are obtained by using analytical method. This benchmark problem can be used to verify both 2D and 3D numerical calculation methods. The analytical solving process of the problem is that H is obtained by using Ampere’s law, then B is calculated based on the hysteresis model of the material, so that the field distribution results are formed. The required hysteresis model could be any kind, such as Preisach model, J–A model, etc. As long as the same kind of model is used both in the benchmark problem and in the numerical method, the numerical method can be verified through the proposed benchmark problem. Considering the form of J–A hysteresis model required by the benchmark problem does not exist, which is the field separation-based forward dynamic J–A model, it is derived based on the forward static J–A model.

Stability Analysis on Tower Crane Foundation Using Finite Element Method

Currently, the construction of high-rise buildings is increasing as the modernization of the city. Especially in the heart of Kuala Lumpur City, construction is more focused on the construction of high-rise buildings due to over-crowded areas. To meet demand due to the activity, the number of tower cranes brought into Malaysia has increased. The tower crane is used to lift construction items and requires a solid base to ensure tower crane stability. Analysis obtained from the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), the rate of accidents involving in particular the use of cranes tower cranes occurred due to the failure of the crane foundation. The main objective in carrying out this project is to ensure the stability of the foundations for ensuring the safe use of tower cranes in reducing accident site, determine the calculation of the basic design of the site and the last one is to analyze the stability of the soil through the interaction between the soil and the basic structure of the site. Design calculations from qualified engineers as well as engineering software for analysis tests are an important element in the success of this research project. Among the parameters required are ground properties information for the installed tower cranes, engineering drawings for tower crane structure and Plaxis 3D computer software for analysis purposes. The implication of this project is to achieve the department’s quality policy in providing and maintaining a quality, safe and healthy work and system without any harm and risk.

Multi-scale simulation model of air system based on cross-dimensional data transmission method

The Secondary Air System (SAS) plays an important role in the safe operation and performance of aeroengines. The traditional 1D-3D coupling method loses information when used for secondary air systems, which affects the calculation accuracy. In this paper, a Cross-dimensional Data Transmission method (CDT) from 3D to 1D is proposed by introducing flow field uniformity into the data transmission. First, a uniformity index was established to quantify the flow field parameter distribution characteristics, and a uniformity index prediction model based on the locally weighted regression method (Lowess) was established to quickly obtain the flow field information. Then, an information selection criterion in 3D to 1D data transmission was established based on the Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the uniformity index and the accuracy of coupling calculation, and the calculation method was automatically determined according to the established criterion. Finally, a modified function was obtained by fitting the ratio of the 3D mass-average parameters to the analytical solution, which are then used to modify the selected parameters at the 1D-3D interface. Taking a typical disk cavity air system as an example, the results show that the calculation accuracy of the CDT method is greatly improved by a relative 53.88% compared with the traditional 1D-3D coupling method. Furthermore, the CDT method achieves a speedup of 2 to 3 orders of magnitude compared to the 3D calculation.

Fast 3D computations of compressible flow discharge in buildings and complex networks

This paper presents under-resolved simulations of compressible flows in complex structures like buildings. The mean pressure field is the primary focus as it is of high importance in many cases, such as the overpressure generated by the detonation of an explosive charge. In such high-risk situations, the mean pressure in the different building rooms has to be determined as quickly as possible, in order to help first responders evaluating the risk level of entering the building right after an explosion for instance. Conventional computational fluid dynamics methods are obviously able to deliver those requested pressure fields. However, they also require a long and tedious meshing process due to the presence of small openings in the computational domain (doors, windows or stairwells). In turn, these small openings need spatial and temporal resolution having significant consequences on computation time. But when dealing with pressing situations, a long pre-processing is not acceptable. The present paper proposes a two-step solution method. First, a very rough mesh is constructed which does not consider small openings. The mesh is constructed in an easy and particular way such that simplifications can be made when computing the fluid flux through these openings. Second, a specific Riemann solver dealing with geometric discontinuities is developed to estimate the fluid flow. The Riemann solver takes advantage of the simplifications provided by the meshing method, and accounts for both unchoked and choked flows through openings. The overall method then consists of both a specific meshing process that requires very little pre-processing, which considerably reduces the time needed to produce a complete simulation, and a Riemann solver. The proposed method is named MUZO in reference to its “MUlti-ZOne” flow solver. The MUZO solver is validated against resolved computations and provides accurate simulated mean pressure fields within a realistic building in a few seconds.