Tudor England Research Articles

The problematisation of Romantic genius in Peter Ackroyd’s The Casebook of Victor Frankenstein

Peter Ackroyd’s novel The Casebook of Victor Frankenstein, as a postmodern intertextual novel, reimagines and rewrites Mary Shelley’s seminal novel Frankenstein: or, The Modern Prometheus, by putting its titular character in the historical conditions in which Mary Shelley composed her narrative. It is proposed in the study that in Ackroyd’s novel, Victor Frankenstein is imagined as a Romantic genius figure who is inspired by the Romantic poets of the early 19th century Britain. This study aims to show how Ackroyd’s portrayal of Victor Frankenstein as a Romantic artist problematises the very concept of Romantic genius by exposing the shortcomings of genius figures and their lack of self-perception. The concept of genius is discussed by referencing to the Romantic tradition in the British literature and it is inspected how Ackroyd’s postmodern novel decentralises the genius figures, by depicting them as productions of a class-conscious society. It is discussed that these historical figures are socially constructed figures who, behind all their idolisations, are fallible human beings. The discussion is expanded by examining the postmodern inclinations of the text which recontextualises the Frankenstein myth. This article questions whether a historical narrative can be considered as valid in a postmodern era in which meaning perpetually multiplies.

Metanarratives in Translation: A Case of Richard Burton’s A Plain and Literal Translation of the Arabian Nights’ Entertainments

This paper investigates how Richard Burton reframed the original narrative of The Thousand and One Nights in alignment with the traditional Orientalist stance while translating the Nights through the translated text and its paratexts. The analysis was done by studying the translation and the footnotes of three tales in the Nights, in addition to the major paratextual material in the translation: The Terminal Essay. The researchers find that Burton has injected the Victorian Islamophobic metanarrative into the translation through his excessive annotations to accentuate the Orientalist public narrative on the East that was formulated by 19th-Century Victorian England. This is inferred from his ideas on imperialism, which were later incorporated into the translation and its paratexts. Burton represents the tales with ends that encourage imperialism, although he criticizes and condemns the Victorian moral mandate in some areas of his translation.

Коронація Анни Болейн як королеви Англії та церемонія коронації у Великій Британії.

This year marks the 500th anniversary of the coronation of Anne Boleyn as Queen of England, on 1 June 1533. The paper devoted to the coronation of Anne Boleyn as Queen of England. She was the Queen of England from 1533 to 1536 and the second wife of King Henry VIII. Anne Boleyn would come to be one of the stalwarts of the historical drama. Anne Boleyn was one of the most powerful women in the world in the 16th century. She was that rare phenomenon, a self-made woman. The author presents the event of Tudor history: Anne Boleyn’s coronation procession, Anne Boleyn’s coronation, the crown of St. Edward, with which Anne was crowned, the Imperial Crown and the Tudor Crown. The British coronation ceremony at Westminster Abbey is a time-honored tradition that has been taking place for over a thousand years. The coronation is steeped in pageantry, religious significance, and symbolism, with many ancient traditions being observed during the ceremony. This paper is explored some of these traditions and their significance. Remembered The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, Henry VIII by Shakespear, coronation music by Thomas Tallis and Handel, Anne Boleyn’s coronation ballad The White Falkon.

Comparing Urban Population Growth: Less Developed Countries in the Last 50 Years and the 19th Century Britain

Comparing Urban Population Growth: Less Developed Countries in the Last 50 Years and the 19th Century Britain

The concept of Revolution in 17th century England and translations from Latin of William Camden's «Britannia»

The article examines the evolution of the idea of the revolution in England in the 17th century. This evolution can be outlined in how the word ‘revolution’ was being employed in translating from Latin William Camden’s ‘Britannia’. Two translations done – one at the start and the other at the close of the century – allow tracing the semantic change that occurred in the usage of the word ‘revolution’ on the course of the century. This evolution changes the meaning of the word and pushes it closer to modern understanding of ‘revolution’ as an event of considerable social and political significance and change. An attempt is made to explain why exactly this word came to denote one of the key events of Modern history. The word ‘revolution’ was being widely used in England of the late sixteenth – early seventeenth century and served to connect everyday secular and mundane ideas and notions to heavenly, more elevated level. The character of the employment of the word provided for the possibility of its secularisation and direct social and political usage. Particular stages of this process are shown by the analysis of its role in the English translations of various concepts and ideas of original Latin text by William Camden.

Analyzing the Influences on Women’s Upbringing and Their Educational Significance Using the Case of Estella, the Heroine of Great Expectations

This paper explores the influences on women’s upbringing and their educational significance by using the character Estella from Great Expectations as a case study. Through analyzing the impact of social environment, family education, and self-awakening, this article aims to promote gender equality and the construction of a feminist cognitive community. It delves into the class divisions of 19th-century England, the manipulative family education imposed on Estella by Miss Havisham, and Estella’s journey towards self-consciousness after her foster mother’s death. The study highlights the challenges faced by women in societal constraints, family expectations, and the importance of self-discovery in overcoming these limitations.

For Want of a Cup: The Rise of Tea in England and the Impact of Water Quality on Mortality

Abstract This paper explores the impact of water quality on mortality by exploiting a natural experiment: the rise of tea consumption in eighteenth century England. This resulted in an unintentional increase in consumption of boiled water, thereby reducing mortality rates. The methodology uses two identification strategies tying areas with lower initial water quality to larger declines in mortality rates after tea drinking became widespread and following larger volumes of tea imports. Results are robust to the inclusion of controls for income and access to trade. The hypothesis is further bolstered by suggestive evidence from cause specific deaths and early childhood mortality.

Fallen Stars: A Comparative Study of the Poetic Works of John Keats and Li He

Due to the short lives and similar poetic styles, the British Romantic poet John Keats and Li He from the Mid-Tang dynasty have always been the hotspot for research. However, most past research compared them by stating the superficial, factual details and failed to address their subtle differences and attribute them. Therefore, this paper aims to compare the pursuit of the ideal, use of imagery, and presence of the narrator to thoroughly contrast Keats’ and Li He’s poetic works and then propose personal and cultural reasons for such differences. It is concluded that Keats pursued poetry to reach the idealized integration, while poetry for Li was a means to enter the political arena until reality turned him down. Regarding imagery, Keats followed the “the death of beauty” pattern, while Li directly utilized macabre imagery to express his poignancy. Finally, Keats’ narrator demonstrates a shift between “realm with the poet” and “without the poet” due to his existential anxiety, while Li’s work demonstrates an unorthodox “realm without the poet”, where the narrator utterly detaches himself from the poem. While Keats’ poetry highlights a struggle to grasp the ideal, metaphorically an impeded upward tendency, Li He’s poetry reflects a downward tendency of merely portraying the macabre, the grotesque, and the degenerate. Personally, this could be attributed to Keats’ internal locus of control and Li’s external locus of control, while culturally, abundant social outlets for a poet in 19th century England and limiting careers for those in the Mid-Tang dynasty explained those discrepancies.

Gender Dynamics, Social Norms, and Erotic Attitudes in Eighteenth-Century England: A Comparative Study of Anti-Pamela and Fanny Hill

This paper examines two influential novels of the 18th century, Eliza Haywood's Anti-Pamela and John Cleland's Fanny Hill: or, the Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure, to offer insights into the social norms, gender roles, and erotic attitudes of the time. Through a comparative analysis of the two works, this paper highlights their distinct literary traditions, concerns, and perspectives on the issues of eroticism, virtue, and gender relations. The study finds that while Haywood's Anti-Pamela critiques the excesses of the materialistic and libertine culture of the time, Cleland's Fanny Hill challenges the concept of virtue and decorum by emphasizing the complexities of human erotic desire. The paper argues that the two works offer unique and valuable perspectives on the social and cultural landscape of 18th century England, contributing to the ongoing debates on gender, social inequality, and erotic exploitation. This study provides a better understanding of the literary and cultural history of the 18th century and its relevance to contemporary discussions on the issues of gender and eroticism.

Where we came from: continuing professional development for the 18th century physician and surgeon, the genesis of British medical societies.

Keeping professionally up to date in 18th-century Britain was not an easy undertaking. Learning on the job was insufficient for the further development of individual medical knowledge. The century witnessed the gradual growth of medical societies to provide a better education than that offered by university institutions. The Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London in 1815 was empowered to licence and regulate medical practitioners, today's general practitioners. Societies were established in Edinburgh but not so many as around London, where a particularly successful education body was established in 1773, the prestigious Medical Society of London. In 1805 a breakaway group from the society formed an equally highly respected learned body, the Medical and Chirurgical Society of London, that became the nidus for the amalgamation of numerous specialist societies to form, in June 1907, the extant Royal Society of Medicine. By the end of the 18th century, the medical society had fostered professionalism, education and unification within diverse medical and scientific disciplines.

“Mad Madge”: The Contribution of Margaret Cavendish to Animal Ethics

Abstract In this article, I will be looking at the person and works of Margaret Cavendish (1623–1673), an aristocrat and author whose philosophical texts and poetry defended the rational capacity of nonhuman animals. Generally, society in 17th-century England did not consider nonhuman animals to have any intelligence or emotional capacity and treated them accordingly. In her works, Cavendish sheds a light on these commonly accepted views, providing arguments against them and indicating their inconsistencies.

Гемптон-корт палац і «тисяча днів королеви Анни».

This year marks the 500th anniversary of the coronation of Anne Boleyn as Queen of England , on 1 June 1533. In Tudor history, 7th September 1533, Queen Anne Boleyn, second wife of King Henry VIII, gave birth to Queen Elizabeth I. And this year marks the 500th anniversary of Elizabeth I’s birth. In 2022, on the March 4 marked 500 years to the day of Anne’s first recorded appearance at the English court in 1522. On September 1, 1532, Henry VIII had taken an unprecedented step: He had elevated a woman into England’s hereditary nobility. It was both a gift of love and compensation for enduring years of frustration while Henry tried to put an end to his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. The article devoted to Hampton Court Palace and Anne Boleyn the Queen of England from 1533 to 1536 as the second wife of King Henrich VIII. Anne Boleyn is called 'Anne of the Thousand Days' because Henrich VIII replaced her after roughly three years. Anne who waited seven years to marry the King was dismissed and disgraced within a third of that time. Despite ruling for just three years during the Tudor dynasty, Anne Boleyn is one of the most famous queens in British History. She played a major role in the English Reformation along with Henry VIII. The author presents the events of Tudor history before Anne Boleyn’s coronation, which will be described in the next article.

Ritualistic Equestrianism: Status, Identity, and Symbolism in Tudor Coronation Ceremonies

Using horses as a historical lens, this study examines four components of ritualistic equestrianism in Tudor coronation ceremonies: the King’s Champion, the Gilded Spurs, the Master of the Horse, and the Horse of Honor. These four components remained an essential part of coronation ceremonies during the Tudor era despite significant political, religious, and cultural changes and elevated in status, identity, and symbolism to parallel the rise of horse culture in early modern England. More importantly, these four components underlined the importance of horses and horsemanship to the Crown.

Lifelong learning opportunities for professional women in Bangladesh: to what extent does patriarchy act as a barrier?

ABSTRACT In the novel ‘Pride and Prejudice’, Austen (1813) wanted to show the marginal or subaltern standing of a woman in the 18th century England by saying that a woman was always subservient to a man, and the sole identity of a woman was being a wife to a male at that time. In present-day Bangladesh, a similar view is evident, where women are raised with the notion that their raison d’etre is to have and maintain stable relationships with men for a lifetime, despite the changing workplace dynamics that offer opportunities for progress. Bangladeshi women quietly embrace the philosophy of lifelong learning, yet their dedication to this pursuit remains largely unexplored and unrecorded, with only occasional publications touching upon the subject in an organized manner. The study examines how patriarchy restricts women's access to lifelong learning in Bangladesh, presenting a scoping review of literature to identify gaps and potential solutions. By advocating a radical approach, the paper aims to empower Bangladeshi professional women to overcome barriers and challenge patriarchal norms for their educational and career advancement.

An Exploration of Jeremy Bentham's Utilitarian View of Politics

In response to the injustice and confusion in the legal and political fields of 18th-century England, Jeremy Bentham systematically proposed a utilitarian system and its penalties based on David Hume’s moral emotionalism and Beccaria's principles of legislation. Specifically, with a view of Minarchism, he proposed a comprehensive and radical plan for parliamentary reform in terms of the right to vote, the establishment of institutions, parliamentary procedures and the qualifications of parliamentarians in order to avoid corrupt practices, while at the same time emphasizing crime prevention, calling for leniency in penalties, the establishment of a sound and clear legal system and the reduction of the cost of defence to provide for his ideal political environment. Not only did he pioneer utilitarianism in theory, but he also contributed to the reform of the 1832 Parliamentary Reform and the improvement of the legal code.

Hampton Court Palace and 'Anne of the Thousand Days'

This year marks the 500th anniversary of the coronation of Anne Boleyn as Queen of England , on 1 June 1533. In Tudor history, 7th September 1533, Queen Anne Boleyn, second wife of King Henry VIII, gave birth to Queen Elizabeth I. And this year marks the 500th anniversary of Elizabeth I’s birth. In 2022, on the March 4 marked 500 years to the day of Anne’s first recorded appearance at the English court in 1522. On September 1, 1532, Henry VIII had taken an unprecedented step: He had elevated a woman into England’s hereditary nobility. It was both a gift of love and compensation for enduring years of frustration while Henry tried to put an end to his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. The article devoted to Hampton Court Palace and Anne Boleyn the Queen of England from 1533 to 1536 as the second wife of King Henrich VIII. Anne Boleyn is called 'Anne of the Thousand Days' because Henrich VIII replaced her after roughly three years. Anne who waited seven years to marry the King was dismissed and disgraced within a third of that time. Despite ruling for just three years during the Tudor dynasty, Anne Boleyn is one of the most famous queens in British History. She played a major role in the English Reformation along with Henry VIII. The author presents Hampton Court Palace in London and its History, its historic landscape gardens features elements that illustrate significant periods of the art of gardens.

The regional survey movement and popular autoethnography in early 20th-century Britain

This article’s subject is the theory and practice of ‘regional survey’, the method of social and environmental study associated with Scottish thinker Patrick Geddes (1854–1932). Despite being overlooked or dismissed in most accounts of early 20th-century social science, regional survey had a wide influence on the development of the nascent disciplines of anthropology, sociology, and human geography. Emerging from late 19th-century field biology, the regional survey came to typify a methodological moment in the natural and social sciences that favoured the holistic analysis of geographically delimited areas. By the interwar period, the kinds of projects that went under its name can clearly be seen as forerunners of the post-Second World War tradition of community studies. Additionally, in its self-presentation as a civic, participatory exercise, the regional survey can be read as a form of popular autoethnography that contrasts with other, more familiar social-scientific ventures in the first half of the 20th century, and defies the dichotomy between ‘gentlemanly’ and ‘technical’ modes of social science. As a result, this article argues, the regional survey provides an alternative point of departure for thinking about the origins and development of the modern social sciences in Britain.

Городские финансы и муниципальные власти в английских городах эпохи Тюдоров (на примере Вустера)

One of the important problems for the Englishcities of the Tudor era was the managementt of finances. The main income was from real estate, which was supplemented by duties and fines. Fees ofcity officials, utilities, and hospitality accounted for three-quarters of all Worcester’s urban spending. The main problem was inflation and relatively stable income from urban property, which forced municipal authorities to look for new ways to solve financial problems. However, these new measures could not solve the problem of financial property deficit by the end of the reign of Elizabeth I.

The expendables: Bioarchaeological evidence for pauper apprentices in 19th century England and the health consequences of child labour.

Child labour is the most common form of child abuse in the world today, with almost half of child workers employed in hazardous industries. The large-scale employment of children during the rapid industrialisation of the late 18th and early 19th centuries in England is well documented. During this period, the removal of pauper children from workhouses in cities to work as apprentices in rural mills in the North of England was commonplace. Whilst the experiences of some of these children have been recorded historically, this study provides the first direct evidence of their lives through bioarchaeological analysis. The excavation of a rural churchyard cemetery in the village of Fewston, North Yorkshire, yielded the skeletal remains of 154 individuals, including an unusually large proportion of children aged between 8 to 20 years. A multi-method approach was undertaken, including osteological and palaeopathological examination, stable isotope and amelogenin peptide analysis. The bioarchaeological results were integrated with historical data regarding a local textile mill in operation during the 18th-19th centuries. The results for the children were compared to those obtained from contemporaneous individuals of known identity (from coffin plates) of comparable date. Most of the children exhibited distinctive 'non-local' isotope signatures and a diet low in animal protein when compared to the named local individuals. These children also showed severe growth delays and pathological lesions indicative of early life adversity, as well as respiratory disease, which is a known occupational hazard of mill work. This study has provided unique insights into the harrowing lives of these children; born into poverty and forced to work long hours in dangerous conditions. This analysis provides a stark testimony of the impacts of industrial labour on the health, growth and mortality risk of children, with implications for the present as well as our understanding of the past.

Bringing Classical architecture to Tudor England in the 1540s: William Sharington’s Lacock Abbey and the role of his master mason, John Chapman

Summary Studies of the evolution of English architecture during the Tudor period rarely mention Lacock Abbey in Wiltshire. Even when noticed, the commentary tends to be brief and poorly informed. Much of this Tudor country house survives intact, albeit masked by later alterations making way for changing uses. This essay unravels the history and development of the Tudor house to reveal a surprisingly important structure that deserves a better understanding. Additionally, and for the first time, the career and work of John Chapman, a little-known master-mason, is explored through the buildings believed to have been created by him and his team.