Tudor England Research Articles

How Seam Inclination Influences Cricket Ball Swing

Abstract. Cricket, a sport with origins in 16th century England, involves players attempting to manipulate the lateral motion of the ball to outwit the batsman. This is often achieved by adjusting the seam inclination or altering the ball's surface roughness. This paper specifically investigates how seam inclination affects cricket ball swing through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The focus of the study is on conventional swing for both non-rotational and rotational cricket balls. The results indicate that seam inclination significantly influences swing, with an optimal angle between 58 to 60 degrees for the maximum lateral force of non-rotational cricket. This finding provides valuable insights into the mechanics of conventional swing and offers guidelines for bowlers to enhance their performance. The research explores the complex interplay between the ball's aerodynamics, seam inclination, and the resulting swing. By utilizing CFD simulations, the study delves into the underlying fluid dynamics that govern the ball's trajectory and the generation of lateral forces.

Margaret McGlynn. The King's Felons: Church, State, and Criminal Confinement in Early Tudor England Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023. Pp. 400. $145.00 (cloth).

Margaret McGlynn. The King's Felons: Church, State, and Criminal Confinement in Early Tudor England Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2023. Pp. 400. $145.00 (cloth).

The official career of Sir Christopher Hales, attorney general and master of the rolls under Henry VIII

Abstract This article is the first study of the official career of Sir Christopher Hales. It casts new light on the workload and responsibilities of an early Tudor lawyer-administrator at the highest levels of government. It is structured around the principal stages in Hales’s career: undersheriff of Kent (1507–8), solicitor general (1525–9), attorney general (1529–36) and master of the rolls (1536–41). Its chief contribution to scholarship is that it provides a detailed discussion of the office of attorney general in the early Tudor period.

The Cartesian background: England and France

Abstract The 17th and 18th century opposition between Cartesian and Newtonian science is often depicted as a contest between a priorism and speculation on one hand, and observation and mathematical proof on the other, one of which won out. This is a simplification. In 17th century England Cartesian natural philosophy, including the vortex theory of the planetary orbits, was (intentionally) easy to understand. It was seen however as poorly disguised atheism and widely disparaged on that account by influential theologians. Amongst the 18th century French philosophes, this aspect of Cartesianism was hardly a problem. Newtonianism now denoted an appetite for exciting experimental demonstrations as against the dead letter of scientific books, including not only René Descartes’s Principles but also Isaac Newton’s (for most readers) largely impenetrable Principia.

UK legislative discrimination and the impact on Romany & Traveller WASH inequalities

ABSTRACT This article aims to highlight the impact of the Policing, Crime, Sentencing and Courts (PCSC) Act 2022 through the lens of historical UK anti-Romany & Traveller legislation on WASH inequalities. Of which, key aspects of 500 years of discriminatory legislation from the Tudor era to modern Britain contextualises the primary data collected in this study. Data for this study were collected via online surveys, hosted by the software Qualtrics, which were distributed by the method of snowball sampling through social media posts on the platform X, formerly Twitter, for the purpose of gathering qualitative and quantitative data regarding the experiences of discrimination relating to WASH access and the perceived impact of the PCSC Act. Respondents, of which there were 20 of predominantly ethnic Romany & Traveller backgrounds, alluded to a perceived relationship between discrimination and WASH access, and expressed concerns regarding the potential impact the PCSC Act will have upon decreasing WASH accessibility through further increasing the acceptability of anti-Romany & Traveller discrimination. Furthermore, it is concluded that the implementation of such a legislation and its culminative predecessors can be considered persecutive and a violation of the human rights to access water and sanitation.

Unveiling Beauty: Belinda's Quest for Youth in Alexander Pope's "The Rape of the Lock"

Alexander Pope's mock-epic The Rape of the Lock illuminates the complexity of youth, beauty, and society in early 18th-century England. This paper examines Pope's sympathetic portrayal of Belinda, who represents society's idealised youthful beauty and its anxieties about its loss, to demonstrate his poetic aim to critically analyse and understand the dangers of attachment to surface appearances resulting from society's obsession with youth and beauty.

The Impact of Public Health on Health Monitoring

The relationship between public health and health monitoring has evolved significantly, shaped by historical developments, technological advancements, and changing societal needs. This paper examines the mutual influence of public health initiatives and health-monitoring systems, particularly in the context of late 20th-century England. The historical perspective highlights the role of public health efforts in establishing systematic health monitoring, which was critical for addressing widespread health issues. Key public health concepts and their implications for health monitoring are discussed, followed by an exploration of modern technological advancements, such as mobile health applications and wearable devices, which have transformed personal and population health management. Finally, the paper considers challenges and future directions, focusing on ethical concerns, the role of big data, and the need for integrated global health strategies. The paper argues that public health and health monitoring are increasingly interdependent, with advancements in health monitoring playing a vital role in shaping the future of public health. Keywords: Public health, Health monitoring, Technological advancements, Health surveillance, Wearable devices.

The Aspects and Development of Chinese and Japanese Porcelain Garnitures in 17th to 19th Century Britain

The Aspects and Development of Chinese and Japanese Porcelain Garnitures in 17th to 19th Century Britain

Transnational Catholicism in Tudor England: Mobility, Exile and Counter-Reformation, 1530–1580, by Frederick E. Smith

<i>Transnational Catholicism in Tudor England: Mobility, Exile and Counter-Reformation, 1530–1580</i>, by Frederick E. Smith

The emergence and role of Lancaster in Mexican public education

The Lancaster mutual teaching model originated in late 18th century England and quickly spread to the American colonies after receiving positive responses in Europe. In the 1820s, renowned Spanish physician, educator, and publisher Manuel Codorniú Ferreras brought it to Mexico, making outstanding contributions to the newly independent nation in educational philosophy, system, and methods. In the mid-19th century, with the absence of a centralized institution for public education in Mexico, the Lancaster Company took on the significant responsibility of guiding the direction of national public education development. Although this function did not persist for too long due to political changes in Mexico, the educational system continued to play an important role in the Mexican education sector. The Lancaster Company and its teaching system exerted a positive and profound influence on the democratization and secularization of education in Mexico, laying important foundations for the modernization and reform of Mexican education.

Examining the intertwining of religion and politics in Tudor England as portrayed in Mantel's Thomas Cromwell Trilogy

Hilary Mantel’s Thomas Cromwell Trilogy, including “Wolf Hall” (2009), “Bring up the Bodies (2012) and “The Mirror &amp; the Light” (2020) helps us to dive deep into the scenario of Tudor England, where religion and politics intertwined in varied ways. This research paper delves into Hilary Mantel’s portrayal of Tudor England, exploring how she paints the entire trilogy with high accuracy in historical information, well designed characters, and powerful drama to illuminate the complex relationship between religion and politics.

When beer is safer than water: Beer availability and mortality from waterborne illnesses

We investigate the impact of beer on mortality during the Industrial Revolution in 18th century England. Due to the brewing process, beer represented an improvement over available water sources during this period prior to the widespread understanding of the link between water quality and human health. Using a wide range of identification strategies to derive measures of beer scarcity driven by tax increases, weather events, and soil quality, we show that beer scarcity was associated with higher mortality, especially in the summer months when mortality was more likely to be driven by waterborne illnesses related to contaminated drinking water. We also leverage variation in inherent water quality across parishes using two proxies for water quality to show that beer scarcity resulted in greater deaths in areas with worse water quality. Together, the evidence indicates that beer had a major impact on human health during this important period in economic development.

‘JOY to great Caesar’: popular songs on Farinel’s Ground in late 17th-century England

Abstract This article represents a follow-up to a previous article on ‘Farinel’s Ground’, published in the May 2021 issue of this journal. There, I had focused on the numerous instrumental versions of this extremely popular ground bass, not least because the late 17th- and early 18th-century folia—as it was known more widely across Europe—seems to have been primarily an instrumental genre. Nevertheless, the popularity of this ground in the 1680s—and of some of the divisions associated with it—gave rise to a number of vocal versions or ballads, some of which may have been at least comparable in popularity to the instrumental versions printed in The Genteel Companion (1683) and The Division-Violin (1684). Sharing the same melody and bass (whether notated or implied), these ballads were written and published during some of the most turbulent years in British history (1682–1702). While the origins of the first of these, Thomas D’Urfey’s The King’s Health or ‘JOY to great Caesar’, can be traced to the violin and recorder divisions on Farinel’s Ground published at more or less the same time as D’Urfey’s song, the song itself seems to have spawned a number of offshoots, including later instrumental versions referring to its textual incipit. Resulting from a study of the music, text and context of songs on ‘Farinel’s Ground, this article also discusses issues applicable to English broadside ballads of the 17th century more generally, such as changes in the political environment and the at times almost decorative function of musical notation on broadsides.

Privateering Activities in 16th Century England and Spain’s Response

Privateering Activities in 16th Century England and Spain’s Response

Transnational Catholicism in Tudor England. Mobility, exile and Counter-Reformation, 1530–1580. By Frederick E. Smith. Pp. xvi + 280 incl. 2 ills. Oxford–New York: Oxford University Press, 2022. £98. 978 0 19 286599 1

Transnational Catholicism in Tudor England. Mobility, exile and Counter-Reformation, 1530<i>–</i>1580. By Frederick E. Smith. Pp. xvi + 280 incl. 2 ills. Oxford–New York: Oxford University Press, 2022. £98. 978 0 19 286599 1

Limited waterpower contributed to rise of steam power in British "Cottonopolis".

The Industrial Revolution precipitated a pivotal shift from waterpower to coal-fueled steam power in British textile mills. Although it is now widely accepted that steam was chosen to power factories despite the availability of sufficient waterpower resources across most of Britain, the location and suitability of that waterpower during the early 19th century remain underexplored. Here, we employ quantitative fluvial geomorphology alongside historical climate data, factory records, and a catalog of over 26,000 mill sites to reveal that waterpower was abundant for most of early 19th century Britain, except in the central hub of British cotton production: Greater Manchester in the Mersey Basin. Our findings show that surging factory mechanization and overcrowding on key waterways in the Mersey Basin compounded waterpower scarcity arising from a drier 19th century climate. Widespread adoption of coal-fueled steam engines in certain key industrial centers of Britain was a strategy aimed at ameliorating some of the reduced reliability of waterpower. The fact that steam engines were frequently used in water-powered factories in many industrial regions until the third quarter of the 19th century to recirculate water to provide that power, or as a power supplement when waterpower availability was restricted, adds further weight to our argument. Rapid adoption of coal-powered steam engines reshaped the social and structural landscape of industrial work, firmly established Britain's prominence as an industrial powerhouse, and had lasting global industrial and environmental impacts.

Элементы метамодернистской категории «глубина» в романе Х. Мантел «Введите обвиняемых»

The purpose of this study is to identify the features of the implementation of the elements of the "depth" category of metamodern in the modern historical novel by British writer H. Mantel "Bring Up the Bodies". The paper presents aspects of the theory of architectonics of metamodern poetics, which make it possible to justify the use of the concept of "depth" as its separate category. The authors have formulated a list of the main elements of the category. The results of the analysis of their author's interpretation in the modern British historical novel are presented. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the authors for the first time considered the concept of "depth" of the metamodern in relation to the field of literary criticism, and also for the first time analyzed the historical novel in the context of the theory of metamodernism. As a result of the conducted research, it was revealed that the category of "depth" of the meta-modern is used by H. Mantel in the form of a number of techniques that help the author create a sense of the reader's presence in the mind of the protagonist in order to achieve a deep immersion of the audience into the atmosphere of the reconstructed era of 16th-century England.

Royal Fabrics: The Politics of Apparel in Tudor England as Reflected in Hilary Mantel’s Wolf Hall Trilogy

Costumes played a significant role at the royal courts of King Henry VIII, and courtiers maintained scrupulous cautiousness regarding their presentability and dress. Theatricality is a persistent trope in Mantel’s Neo-Tudor novels, often exercised through strategically displayed extravagant fabrics. This study interprets the clothing culture at the courts of King Henry VIII, as represented in the three Wolf Hall novels. As social classes became increasingly stratified during the Renaissance, the bourgeoisie distinguished themselves from the commoners and sustained inclusivity into the monarchical elite by enacting strategic theatricality. This paper demonstrates how the theatricality of magnificence was performed through the politics of apparel, ornamentation, and distinguished fashion. Referring to works by John Matusiak, Tracy Borman, Maria Hayward, and Elizabeth Currie, this study argues that fashion was at the core of Royal Tudor governance, and Mantel utilises this trope to camouflage or amplify the magnitude of a political persona. In the context of the Tudor Sumptuary Laws, this paper also analyses how Mantel used dress as a motif of theatricality to demonstrate class segregation during sixteenth-century England. The gendering of clothes and its political ramifications shall be another issue tackled by this paper, focusing on the sartorial choices of the characters of Anne Boleyn, Katherine, and Jane Seymour.

Introduction: Historians and the Trouble of Defining Aristocracy

This introduction to the special issue Defining Aristocracy eases the reader slowly into the various troubles historians have in defining aristocracy. It argues for embracing the fuzziness of the term, and building research from there. The introduction also gives an overview of the special issue, and a short summary of the articles. The trouble historians have of defining aristocracy is discussed and contextualised within the broader historiography, but, based on the four articles on eighteenth-century Geneva, modern Swedish historiography discussing early modern aristocracy, nineteenth-century Habsburg, and finally Tudor England, a way forward is offered. Despite the trouble of actually defining aristocracy, speaking about it, thinking about it, and trying to elucidate it is indeed meaningful and fruitful for research.

Cato the Elder and the “Theoretical Farmers” of 18th- and 19th-century Britain

ABSTRACT: Cato the Elder’s De agricultura , the first farming manual in Latin, inspired a genre of farming manuals and didactic texts; yet Cato’s real-life participation in farming and the accuracy of his knowledge has been called into question. Centuries later, we see the rise in agricultural writing among British gentlemen of the 18th and 19th centuries; here wealthy landowners wrote detailed instructions about menial labor. This paper explores the emergence of the farming genre among elite authors in these two contexts and considers how it reflects the tensions of two nascent empires.