14th Day Research Articles

Evaluation of a synergistic blend of short- and medium-chain fatty acids as a dietary intervention for the effective management of Vibriosis in shrimp culture.

Vibriosis caused by Vibrio spp. is imposing severe havoc and adverse effects on shrimp culture. Antibiotics are the most widely used therapeutic measures against vibriosis. However, the uncontrolled use of antibiotics may spread the antibiotic residues and increase antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this study, a product based on a synergistic blend of short- and medium-chain fatty acids (Selacid® GG, herein referred as Sel) was evaluated against vibriosis in shrimp, P. vannamei. The shrimps (n=30 in triplicate per treatment) were fed with Sel (0.0%, 0.1%, 0.2% or 0.3%) for 14 days. The shrimp were challenged on 8th day by immersion, and the samples were collected on the 6th day post-challenge and the 14th day post-feeding. The shrimp fed with Sel (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) diet showed significantly higher total haemocyte count, while the phenoloxidase activity was significantly increased in the Sel 0.2% diet fed group. Histological analysis unveiled inflammatory responses with haemocytic infiltration, encapsulation, and granuloma in Sel 0.2% diet-fed shrimps with less degeneration and necrosis of hepatopancreas tubules and epithelial cells. qPCR analysis of vibrio loads in hepatopancreas revealed significantly lower vibrio count in all Sel diet-fed groups and further confirmed by culture-dependent method which showed significantly lower total vibrio count in the hepatopancreas and haemolymph of Sel 0.2% and Sel 0.3% diet fed shrimp. Growth parameters showed significantly higher values in weight gain, specific growth rate, and survival rate in Sel 0.2% diet-fed shrimps. Thus, the current study confirms the efficacy of Sel (0.2%) against vibriosis by enhancing the immune and inflammatory responses, reducing vibrio load and improving the growth and survival. Hence Sel, can be used as an alternative therapeutic for managing vibriosis in shrimp aquaculture.

Thermo-responsive/anti-biofouling chitosan hydrogel beads in situ decorated with silver nanoparticles for water disinfection.

The development of a sustainable and eco-friendly silver-based hybrid nanocomposite for safe and efficient point-of-use (POU) water disinfection remains a challenge. Herein, a simple and facile approach was proposed for the in situ immobilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on chitosan-g-poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) (CS-g-PSBMA) hydrogel beads, which have been achieved via graft copolymerization of sulfobetaine methacrylate along the chitosan chains followed by a drop method. The AgNPs-decorated CS-g-PSBMA hydrogel beads were characterized and their bactericidal efficacy towards Escherichia coli was evaluated concurrently with their anti-biofouling behaviors. The results indicated that the grafted PSBMA hydrogels on CS would not only enhance the immobilization of more AgNPs (122.63 mg/g material), but also restricted the silver release (only 0.015 % after the 14th day of incubation), which surpassed numerous other AgNPs-based nanocomposites for water disinfection. Moreover, the release of silver can be modulated by altering the temperature due to the thermosensitivity of PSBMA, and the maximum concentration of silver leaching in the effluent was 33.1-52.3 μg/L at 25-60 °C. Importantly, the synthesized AgNPs-based CS-g-PSBMA can exert both exceptional bactericidal and superior anti-biofouling capabilities as well as reusability features, indicating sustained antibacterial effectiveness and significant potential for practical applications in water disinfection.

Proteinase K impact on anaerobic co-digestion of modified biodegradable plastic and food waste: Step-by-step analysis with microorganism.

This study was designed to explore the key impact of Proteinase K (PK) on every step of anaerobic co-digestion. The results of step-by-step experiments indicated that PK promoted the hydrolysis of biodegradable plastic by initiating self-hydrolysis reactions, directly promoting the hydrolysis step of anaerobic co-digestion. Subsequently, PK indirectly promoted the acidogenesis and acetogenesis steps by impacting the proliferation of acid-producing bacteria. Besides, it could also hydrolyze PLA. Thus, the lactic acid content peaked at 255.7mg/L on the 5th day, representing an increase of 35.9% compared to the condition without PK. Finally, PK indirectly promoted the methanogenesis step through its impact on the composition of methanogenic bacteria. This led to more food waste being digested into methane, 41.5% compared to the condition without PK. This work served as an essential foundation for advancing the application of PK modified BP as a replacement for traditional plastics.

IGSF8 impairs migration and invasion of trophoblast cells and angiogenesis in preeclampsia.

Insufficient trophoblast cell infiltration is implicated in the progression of preeclampsia (PE). The immunoglobulin superfamily member 8 (IGSF8) has been shown to promote cell migration, invasion, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the specific impact of IGSF8 on trophoblast cells in PE has not been definitively demonstrated. To address this, placental tissues from PE patients and normal subjects was collected. A PE-like rat model was established by administering L-NAME (60mg/kg) intragastrically to pregnant rats from the 10th to the 19th day of gestation. Knockdown and overexpression plasmids of IGSF8 were transfected into JEG-3cells for further experiments. Clinical samples indicated impaired spiral artery remodeling, and high IGSF8 expression in the placental tissues of PE patients. PE rats exhibited increased mean arterial pressure, elevated 24-h urine protein levels, higher abortion rates, and decreased placental and fetal weight compared to rats of sham group. Failure of physiological transformation of spiral arteries was observed in PE rats, along with increased IGSF8 expression. IGSF8 overexpression inhibited JEG-3cell migration, invasion and EMT, as well as reduced release of VEGF in JEG-3cells, impairing HUVEC tube formation. mRNA-sequencing analysis of JEG-3cells transfected with shIGSF8 showed differentially expressed genes related to angiogenesis, and mesenchymal cell differentiation, with IGSF8 knockdown being associated with the activation of pathways involved in blood vessel development and cell migration. Overall, this study suggests that IGSF8 plays a role in the development of PE and provides new insights for potential treatments.

Quality of Life and Adaptation of People With a Colostomy Plug: A Before-After Interventional Study.

The purpose of this study was to examine health-related quality of life and adaptation of persons with a colostomy before and after use of a colostomy plug. Single group before-and-after study. The study sample comprised 19 people with a colostomy who attended an outpatient clinic João Pessoa, in Paraiba, Brazil. Inclusion criteria were: over 18years, protruding colostomy, diameter 20 to 45 mm, elimination pattern of up to 3 solid or pasty fecal stools per day, and medical prescription for the use of the colostomy plug. Data were collected between November 2018 and February 2019. Three outpatient visits per participant were completed; informed consent and baseline data were collected during clinic visit one. Data collected at baseline included demographic and pertinent clinic data. Stoma specific quality of life was measured using the City of Hope Quality of Life - Ostomy Questionnaire; adaptation to an ostomy was measured using the Scale for the Level of Adaptation of Ostomy Patients (SLAOP). Participants were also taught to use a colostomy plug during this visit. A second visit occurred between the 8th and 10th day of use; participants' ability to use the device was assessed during this visit. A third visit occurred 30 to 35days after plug use; instruments used to measure adaptation and health-related quality of life were readministered. Participants who had significantly higher scores for quality of life and adaptation were identified in people who used the plug in all dimensions of the Scale for Level of Adaptation of people with stomas and City of Hope Quality of Life - Ostomy Questionnaire, except for the interdependence mode. Significant, positive and strong correlations were identified between adaptation and quality of life before (r =0.823; P =.000015) and after (r =0.808; P =.000028) use of the colostomy plug. Findings suggest that use of a colostomy plug improved adaptation and quality of life in some patients living with a colostomy.

First Report of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum Causing Fruit Rot on Fig in China.

Fig (Ficus carica L.) holds economic significance in Atushi, Xinjiang, but as fig cultivation expands, disease prevalence has risen. In July 2024, approximately 22% of harvested fig (cv. Xinjiang Zaohuang) from 20 commercial orchards (covering 40 hectares) in Atushi (39°39'37.65" N, 76°14'3.62" E) showed varying degrees of fruit rot symptoms. The initial symptoms were characterized by the appearance of small, brown lesions on the fruit surface. These lesions rapidly progressed into water-soaked spots, which expanded quickly. As the disease advanced, the affected areas became covered with dense, white, fluffy mycelia, accompanied by prominent black sporulation. In later stages, the infected tissues softened further, ultimately resulting in the complete decay of the fruit. Twenty diseased fig were collected from the sampling site. Tissue samples (5×5×5 mm) were cut at the diseased-healthy junction, surface-sterilized in 0.5% NaClO for 1 minute, rinsed twice in sterile distilled water, air-dried, and transferred aseptically onto potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 25°C for 5 days with a 12-hour photoperiod. Fifteen isolates were obtained from the infected tissues, with two representative isolates (WH 12 and WH 23) selected for further study due to morphological similarity. The fungal colonies initially appeared as white mycelium, later turning olive green to grayish-black. Colony growth was rapid (32 mm/day). Arthrospores were colorless to light brown, short columnar, aseptate, with a truncated base, 0 to 1 septate, averaging 11.9±2.3×3.6±0.8 μm (n = 50), and sometimes formed arthric chains. Chlamydospores were dark brown, round or oval, 0 to 1 septate, averaging 7.26±1.7×5.05±1.0 μm (n = 50). Genomic DNA was extracted from the two isolates. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α), and beta-tubulin (TUB2) genes were amplified using primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), EF1-728F/EF1-986R (Carbone & Kohn. 1999), and BT2a/BT2b (Glass & Donaldson. 1995), respectively, and sequences were deposited in GenBank (ITS: PQ555020, PQ555021; TUB2: PQ557519, PQ557521; TEF1-α: PQ557520, PQ557522). BLAST analysis revealed 99-100% similarity to Neoscytalidium dimidiatum Arp2-D (ITS: MK813852; TUB2: MK816354; TEF1-α: MK816355). Phylogenetic analysis using IQ-Tree and MrBayes3.2.7 based on concatenated ITS-TEF1-TUB sequences showed WH 12 and WH 23 clustering with N. dimidiatum Arp2-D (99% bootstrap). Morphological and molecular data identified the isolates as N. dimidiatum (Penz.) Crous & Slippers (Crous et al. 2006). Pathogenicity tests were conducted on 20 healthy fig (cv. Xinjiang Zaohuang) by inoculating each fruit with 10 µl of a WH 12 conidial suspension (1 × 10⁶ conidia/ml) using sterile needles. The Control were treated with 10 µl of sterile distilled water. All fruits were placed in sterile plastic containers and incubated at 25 ± 1°C, 90% relative humidity, and a 12-hour light cycle. This experiment was performed twice. On the 1st day post-inoculation, brown lesions began to develop on the fruit. By the 4th day post-inoculation, the entire fruit was completely decayed and covered with white mycelia and black spores, while the control fruit showed no symptoms. The fungus was successfully reisolated from the inoculated fruits and identified as N. dimidiatum following the methods described above, fulfilling Koch's postulates. N. dimidiatum has been reported to have a wide range of hosts in China, such as Jacaranda mimosifolia, Hylocereus megalanthus, Hylocereus undatus, and Styphnolobium japonicum (Li et al. 2024; Zeng et al. 2024; Lan et al. 2022; Luo et al. 2024). To our knowledge, this study is the first report of N. dimidiatum as the causal agent of fruit rot in fig in China. Our findings have expanded the host range of N. dimidiatum in China and provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Performance of Camellia oleifera Seedlings Under Alkali Stress Improved by Spraying with Types of Exogenous Biostimulants

Exogenous biostimulants (EB) are crucial for reducing abiotic stress in plants. It is currently unclear how EB such as melatonin (MT), betaine (BA), and salicylic acid (SA) regulate the stress in Camellia oleifera seedlings under alkali stress (XP). This study demonstrates the moderating effect of SA (0.5, 1, and 2 mmol/L), BA (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g/L), and MT (200, 400, and 800 μmol/L) on the relative chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, osmoregulatory substances, and antioxidant enzymes in C. oleifera seedlings under XP. The results showed that spraying different types and different concentrations of EB under alkali stress had a certain alleviating effect on the phenotype of C. oleifera seedlings. Whether 7 or 15 days after the application of EB, the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) and the degree of yellowish-green in the control group were different from those in the other 10 treatment groups, but the difference in brightness was not significant. As far as the malondialdehyde (MDA) content is concerned, the SA2, BA3, MT2, and MT3 treatment groups can significantly reduce the MDA content on the 7th day of EB application. The electrolytic leakage (EL) is also significantly reduced by MT2 and MT3. It was found that treatment groups SA3 and MT2 could improve the photosynthetic parameters of C. oleifera seedlings to different degrees on the 7th day of EB application. On the 15th day of EB application, treatment groups SA1, SA3, BA1, and BA2 all increased the photosynthetic rate of C. oleifera compared to the XP treatment group, but other treatments did not increase. At the same time, the results showed that the fluorescence parameters of the seedlings showed different degrees of improvement under different EB spraying conditions. Under alkali stress, soluble proteins (SP) and soluble sugars (SS) increased in the XP group, but it was found that the SA3, BA3, and MT2 treatment groups could reduce the content of osmoregulatory substances both on the 7th and 15th days of EB application. In terms of proline (Pro) content, BA1, BA2, and MT2 treatment groups could reduce Pro content on the 7th and 15th days of EB spraying, respectively. As for the antioxidant enzymes, the SA2, BA3, MT2, and MT3 treatment groups could basically increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and further reduce oxidative damage on the 7th day of application of EB. According to the comprehensive results of the membership function, whether on the 7th or 15th day of EB spraying, the MT2 treatment group has the best overall mitigation effect of the three EB applications, ranking in the top three. This study will help to improve the scientific understanding of C. oleifera’s alkali resistance and interaction with EB while filling the knowledge gap on the physiological response to oleofylline stress.

Mechanisms of nitrogen and phosphorus release from heavily polluted coastal sediments and identification of influencing factor

Abstract The release of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from coastal sediments is vital to the evolution of coastal water quality. In this study, the release of N and P from coastal sediments in a heavily polluted river was studied using single-factor experiments and sequential extraction of N and P from sediments. The experimental results showed that N and P from the coastal river sediments reached the release-absorption equilibrium after the 42nd and 14th day, respectively. The release of N and P from heavily polluted river sediments in coastal zones is affected by resuspension, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and temperature. The results showed that resuspension had the greatest impact on the release of N and P from heavily contaminated coastal river sediments into the overlying water. In addition, the release of P, NO3- and NO2- from sediments is most sensitive to changes in temperature, while the release of total N and NH4+ is most sensitive to changes in salinity. Unlike in lake sediments, high dissolved oxygen concentrations inhibit the release of NH4+ from extensively contaminated coastal sediments. Ion-exchangeable forms of N and inorganic P are the most susceptible to release from external environmental factors. These findings will aid in the management and control of heavily polluted coastal rivers.

РЕНТГЕНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ АНТИБАКТЕРИАЛЬНОГО СПЕЙСЕРА ПРИ СЕПТИЧЕСКОМ АРТРИТЕ ТАЗОБЕДРЕННОГО СУСТАВА У СОБАК

Purulent coxitis is one of the most common and severe complications of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of the proximal end of the femur. Radiography remains the first-line imaging method for diagnosing and monitoring osteoarthritis due to its availability and low cost. The purpose of the study was to interpret radiographs of the hip joint in dogs with purulent coxitis using conservative and surgical treatment options. The basis for the treatment of purulent coxitis in dogs (n=15) in this study was radical surgical sanitation of the affected structures and suppression of the activity of bacterial infection using a special device – a hip joint spacer. The dogs of the first experimental group (n=5) were fitted with a reinforcing implant made of polymethyl methacrylate with an antibiotic (gentamicin). In the second experimental group (n=5), a two-component spacer made intraoperatively was used. The use of bone cement with the inclusion of an antibiotic contributed to its release over a long period of time and stopping the infectious process, which was recorded by X-ray images. The infectious process in the dogs of the control group was stopped quite slowly. Thus, destructive foci in the femoral head and acetabulum were observed on the 30th day; partial recovery was recorded in the dorsal edge of the acetabulum. By the 60th day of observation, the X-ray picture generally remained the same. Thus, by the 60th day after the operation, the acetabulum in dogs (n=5) of the first experimental group restored the lost structures, while in the second experimental group only two dogs showed positive dynamics by the 90th day of observation.

Co-presentation of diabetic ketoacidosis and hepatitis an infection with anasarca: a case report

Diabetic ketoacidosis is the common initial presentation of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in paediatric practice. Hepatitis A infection is a common cause of jaundice in children with varied constitutional symptoms. However, co-presentation of diabetic ketoacidosis and hepatitis A infection with anasarca is rare. One four-year-ten-month-old male child presented to the emergency department of our hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis with new-onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus. At the time of presentation, the blood sugar level was in the diabetic range, 677 mg% laboratory value and was suggestive of diabetes mellitus. The HbA1c level was 14.47% at that time; however, there was no history of the classical triad of polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia in the child. The child presented with mild acidosis (pH 7.3) and responded to the Milwaukee regimen of DKA management. During the course of the management, the child developed clinical jaundice on the 5th day of hospital admission and was investigated and diagnosed as having viral hepatitis A. On the 7th day of illness, the child developed anasarca in the form of moderate pleural effusion and gross ascites, leading to respiratory distress along with pedal edema and scrotal edema. The anasarca responded to symptomatic treatment and the clinical improvement of Hepatitis A occurred after 15 days. The stressful event of brewing hepatitis A, precipitating DKA in a relatively asymptomatic child of type 1 diabetes mellitus, is more likely in our case. The chance association of both the conditions in an underweight child with a history of 3rd degree consanguinity is noted in our child. The child also developed anasarca, which is uncommon in viral hepatitis A or diabetic ketoacidosis alone.

МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ПРИ ПРИМЕНЕНИИ АМИЛМЕТАКРЕЗОЛА В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕ

Respiratory diseases are among the most urgent problems of veterinary and human medicine. Many authors suggest that against the background of high air contamination in the area where animals are kept, timely treatment of diseases of the nasopharyngeal zone will limit the aerogenic pathway of damage to the lower respiratory tract. Currently, antiseptics are most often used for this purpose, in particular amimetacresol. The purpose of research is an experimental study of the effect of amylmethacresol on the state of the liver in laboratory animals. Under the conditions of the vivarium of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary, a research work was carried out, the object of which were white non-linear rats aged from 3 to 5 months weighing 180–220 g. Two groups of 6 animals each were formed from clinically healthy rats: No. 1 (control, intact) - the study drug was not used in animals; № 2 (experimental) – amylmetacresol was administered orally once a day at a dose of 30 mg/kg for 7 days. In rats from the experimental group, significant changes in blood composition were noted. So, on the 8th day of the experiment, in comparison with the initial state, there was a significant increase in the level of alkaline phosphatase by 20.9 %, glucose by 10.6, cholesterol by 30.9, bilirubin by 25.9 % and bile acids by 2.3 times. A change in the activity of aminotransferases caused dysfermentemia, as indicated by a decrease in the De Ritis coefficient. There was a trend towards a decrease in total protein (by 3.3 %) and a pronounced, but not significant increase in cholesterol (by 30.9 %, p > 0.5). Our data indicate that amylmetacresol has a hepatotoxic effect and the need for its further study.

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of Folic Acid-Modified Chitosan–Stearic Acid Nanomicelles Loaded with Tetrandrine for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, and it is currently incurable. Tetrandrine (TET) has an obvious curative effect with therapeutic efficacy on RA, but its use is limited due to its poor water-solubility and bioavailability. Therefore, TET-loaded nanomicelles modified with chitosan, stearic acid, and folic acid (FCST) was prepared in the study, and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were studied. Methods: The plasma concentrations of FCST and TET were measured by the PLC-MS/MS method at different times, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. A collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was established with rats. On the 16th day after the first immunization, 50 rats were randomized into five groups with 10 rats in each group according to the arthritis score. The drugs were administered by intraperitoneal injection for 30 days. The swelling degree and joint score of the rats were tested during each administration. In addition, the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α in the serum of the rats were tested by an ELISA kit, and their joints were examined by histopathology. Results: Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the AUC0–72h of FCST was 1.93 times that of TET. FCST demonstrated higher bioavailability compared to TET (p < 0.05). Pharmacodynamic studies demonstrated that FCST had significant anti-inflammatory effects, and its anti-inflammatory activity was stronger compared to the same dose of TET, as evidenced by measuring toe thickness and observing toe appearance. It significantly reduced the expression of IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α in rats with rheumatoid arthritis (p < 0.05). Conclusions: FCST can significantly improve bioavailability and has a significant therapeutic effect on rheumatoid arthritis.

Effect of Exogenous γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) on the Growth, Photosynthetic Pigment, Antioxidant and GABA Metabolism of Festuca arundinacea (Tall Fescues) Under Cadmium Stress

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), an endogenous amino acid widely found in living organisms, has important functions in plants such as regulating growth and development, maintaining carbon and nitrogen nutrient balance, and coping with adversity. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous 0.5 mmol/L GABA on the growth, antioxidant metabolism, and GABA shunt metabolism of tall fescue under 20 μmol/L Cd stress, using tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) ‘Ruby II’ under hydroponics conditions. The results showed that (1) applying GABA for 3, 7, 11, and 15 d under Cd stress inhibited Cd transport from roots to leaves and promoted plant height, alleviating the effects of Cd stress on plant growth. (2) Exogenous 0.5 mmol/L GABA had an interesting regulatory effect on the activation of the antioxidant enzyme system induced by stress at different stages, which was accompanied by a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and alleviated the degree of cell membrane lipid peroxidation under cadmium stress. Specifically, peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity reactions initially responded on the 3rd and 7th days of stress, and the changes in catalase (CAT) enzyme activities concentrated on the 11th and 15th days of the later stage. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme was active throughout the whole stress period in the roots. Multiple factorial analyses further proved that the antioxidant pathway strongly influenced the survival and growth of tall fescue under stress in the presence of GABA. (3) Application of exogenous GABA activated the branching pathway for GABA synthesis from Glu decarboxylation (GABA shunt) with a higher contribution in the leaves, which induced changes in glutamate content, and plants maintained a higher endogenous GABA content and signal to regulate the plant antioxidant system and reduce cell membrane damage, thus improving the tolerance of plants to Cd stress.

Robotic-assisted costectomy using a Gigli saw for fibrous dysplasia

BackgroundFibrous dysplasia (FD) is the most common benign tumor of the ribs, with surgical resection being the preferred treatment modality for rib FD, leading to enhanced quality of life and favorable outcomes. The complexity of surgical intervention varies depending on the location of costal FD, presenting challenges for both open surgical and thoracoscopic approaches. In this study, we present a novel technique for three-port robotic-assisted costectomy utilizing a Gigli saw, detailing our initial findings and outcomes.MethodsWe reviewed five patients with benign rib tumors who underwent three-port robotic-assisted rib resection using a Gigli saw between May 2021 and December 2022. Data on patient characteristics, relevant short-term surgical outcomes and clinical long-term treatment effects were collected.ResultsThe surgery was successful in all five patients without any need for an additional port and emergency conversion to open surgery. Median operative time was 76.8 min (range, 73–116 min), and the median intraoperative blood loss volumes was 75 ml (range, 40– 105 mL). On average, chest tubes were removed 1.2 days postoperatively (range, 1–2 days), with a mean drainage volume of 93 ml on postoperative day 1 (range, 70–135 ml). Patients were discharged between the 2nd and 4th postoperative day. During 1-year follow-up period, no recurrence was observed in either patient.ConclusionsThe utilization of a three-port robotic-assisted costectomy in conjunction with a Gigli saw represents a viable, secure, and efficient approach for treating isolated benign rib lesions. Our aim is to provide clinical guidance on this technique and promote its broader application.

Effectiveness of the use of a plant immunostimulator for feline bordetelliosis

In veterinary practice, veterinary specialists solve the important problem of the occurrence and development of immunodeficiency during respiratory infectious pathology in cats with the help of biologically active additives, probiotics, enzymes, immunostimulators and vitamins. Interferons are one of the most popular in use from the list of endogenous immunomodulators. But often the disadvantage of purely immunomodulatory drugs is their difficult transfer and the presence of a negative effect on the body of domestic animals. Therefore, an alternative to interferons in order to increase the immune resistance of the body and improve the well-being of cats is the search, development and use of preparations based on plant raw materials. The article presents the results of the study of the effectiveness of the herbal immunomodulator in comparison with the interferon drug "Anfluron", which was used in two complex treatment schemes for cats suffering from Bodetheliosis infection. To increase the immune resistance of cats for bordeteliosis, an aqueous solution of a medicinal composition based on the Rhodiola rosea root, Oplopanax root, Rozae fruits, Urtica dioica, Crataegus fruits, Hypericum perforatum fruits was used in an effective ratio of 1:1:1:0.8:0.8:0.5. As a result of the use of the specified herbal preparation, a positive trend in the reduction of the manifestation of clinical signs in sick cats was established from the 6th day of use with a direct correlation of the decrease in the manifestation of clinical signs in sick animals treated with a classic interferon drug. As a result of the application of complex therapeutic regimens using various immunomodulatory drugs, a significant alignment of hematological indicators to the physiological norm was noted on the 10th and 14th day of treatment in animals of both study groups. The results obtained in the comparative aspect showed that the proposed herbal preparation has an immunostimulating effect, improves the general condition and can be used in the complex treatment of cats with bordetelliosis.

Protective effect of Panax ginseng extract on cisplatin-induced AKI via downregulating cell death associated genes

This study is designed to assess the effect of root extract of P. ginseng on kidney tissue injury attributed to cisplatin and its molecular mechanism involved in this process in the AKI rat model. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 4 experimental groups including: the control group, the cisplatin group, the extract 100 mg/kg group, and the extract 200 mg/kg group. The duration of the investigation was 7 days, and all rats except the control group received a single dose of 10 mg/kg cisplatin on the 4th day. Our findings exhibited a significant reduction in blood concentration of creatinine in extract groups compared to the cisplatin group. In the cisplatin group, severe renal histopathological alterations were observed compared to the control group. In extract groups, significantly less tissue damage was observed than in the cisplatin group. Ginseng extract 200 showed minimal tissue damage as compared to extract 100. The expression of p21, p27, p53, TIMP2, IGFBP7, and NF-κB decreased significantly in extract groups compared to the cisplatin group. Our findings displayed amelioration of cisplatin-induced AKI and dose-dependent decrease of the NF-κB gene expression and cell death-inducing genes by administration of P. ginseng extract.

Evaluation of the effects of obesity on orthodontic tooth movement.

This study aimed to evaluate bone remodeling in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during canine distalization in obese individuals and compare it to that in normal-weight individuals. Additionally, the orthodontic tooth movement rates of obese individuals were measured and compared with those of normal-weight individuals. Thirty-six patients (18 obese and 18 normal-weight) aged 12-18 years who were candidates for maxillary first premolar extraction for Angle Class II malocclusion were included in the study. The two groups were formed according to World Health Organization guidelines. A normal-weight group (body mass index [BMI] 16-85%) and an obese group (BMI ≥ 95%). Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected before, 24 hours after, and on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days after the application of the distalization force. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure leptin, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in GCF samples. In addition to the recorded GCF sampling times, the amount of canine tooth movement was calculated using digital models obtained on the 28th day and 3rd month. Leptin, RANKL, OPG, and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the obese group (P < 0.05). The digital model measurements displayed high rates of repeatability (ICC 0.990). The difference in the amount of tooth movement between groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Although obese and normal-weight individuals showed different biomarker levels during tooth movement, there were no significant differences in the amount of movement.

Effects of topical neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin on corneal wound healing: an experimental study in rabbits

ABSTRACT Corneal injuries are common in human and veterinary ophthalmology. There are many studies which have investigated the treatment of corneal epithelial defects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin as an ointment for wound healing in experimental corneal defects. First, a superficial keratectomy was performed on 12 rabbits using a corneal trephine. The animals were divided into two groups, Group I (treated, n = 6) and Group II (vehicle control, n = 6). Insulin ointment was applied topically once daily in the treated group, and saline ointment was applied in the same manner in the vehicle control group. Corneal defects were observed and photographed, and changes in wound surface were recorded on days 7, 14, 21, 30, and 60. In both groups, a significant reduction in the wound surface area was noticeable on the 30th day after defect creation. Between the 30th and 60th days, while the changes in the wound surface area in Group II remained limited, the decrease continued rapidly in Group I. At the end of the study, the corneal opacity score observed was lower in Group I than in Group II. In conclusion, we determined that topical NPH insulin may accelerate corneal wound healing after superficial lamellar keratectomy. A new alternative treatment may be developed for treating corneal wounds through continuing studies on this subject.

The relationship between the well-being and fatness of sows with a fixed content on the farrowing site in the conditions of industrial technology

The aim of the study was to assess the well-being of sows at a farrowing site with a fixed content in the conditions of industrial pork production technology. The object of the study was suckling sows contained in BDSwing machines on lattice floors. The Welfare Quality® protocol was used for the assessment, modified in accordance with local production features. The well-being of the sows was assessed on the first day after farrowing and again on the 15th day of the suckling period. When processing the data, the total welfare score of the sows was calculated. The fatness of the sows was determined by the thickness of the fat above the last rib on the 30th day of pregnancy and at weaning at 28 days. The statistical analysis was performed using the statistical programming environment R. The reliability of differences between groups of animals in fatness on the 30th day of pregnancy and at weaning was assessed by the Kraskel-Wallis method. Pairwise comparisons were carried out with the Hill correction. In the group of well–off sows, the total score was 0.62 points, while for the conditionally well-off, this parameter was already 2.51 points and the disadvantaged – 4.9 points. The re-evaluation was carried out on the 15th day after farrowing by the same researcher. With minor changes in the total assessment of animals (0.59, 2.49 and 5.12 points, respectively), there is an increase in the total assessment in the group of disadvantaged sows, as well as the movement of animals from one group to another in the direction of aggravation of the condition. Significant differences in fatness between well-off and conditionally well-off and dysfunctional sows on the 30th day of pregnancy were determined. At the same time, although healthy sows differed in the smallest fat thickness, during pregnancy and suckling period, in this group the least loss of fatness to weaning was noted (-0.3 mm).

Phenotypic characterization of rice wild introgression lines under low soil phosphorus conditions for yield and seedling vigour related traits

BackgroundIn India majority of the cultivable land area is becoming nutrient deficient, thus the development of tolerant varieties that can sustain under various stresses is essential. Identification of vigorous and nutrient-use-efficient rice genotypes is required for future breeding programmes. Such donor genotypes are prerequisites to develop high yielding varieties that can survive and yield under both normal and adverse conditions. Seedling vigour is an important trait that helps in the early survival of crop in input-limited environments. Thus, the present study was aimed at characterizing rice wild introgression lines for seedling vigour index and yield under both low and normal recommended doses of phosphorous (P) conditions.MethodologiesA total of fifteen rice genotypes, including 12 wild introgression lines and 3 check varieties, were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications under both low and normal recommended doses of phosphorous for agronomic traits. The genotypes were also evaluated for seedling vigour indices on the 7th day and 14th day under laboratory conditions.ResultsThe study detected a significant difference for all the traits among genotypes grown under normal and low P conditions. Trait association revealed a significant correlation of single plant yield with fresh root weight and seedling vigour index 2 at 14 days after germination under normal P conditions. Similarly, under low P conditions, single plant yield exhibited a significant association with fresh root weight and fresh shoot weight at 7 days. Seedling vigour index 2 exhibited a significant positive correlation with fresh root weight and fresh shoot weight under normal and low P conditions. Further stress tolerance indices were estimated to detect the nutrient stress tolerance under low P conditions, and the study showed that Stress Tolerance Index (STI) and Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP) are the better indices and the genotypes NPS56-2, NPK55 were observed as tolerant. Similarly, the genotype R-58, and NDR-359 reported a less percentage of yield reduction and with moderate to high STI, GMP values indicates the stable yielding ability of these genotypes. The study concludes the potential of these cultivars for the simultaneous improvement of yield and seedling vigour traits in changing climatic conditions.