15N Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Research Articles

Study of the ferroelastic phase transition in the tetraethylammonium compound [N(C2H5)4]2ZnBr4 by magic-angle spinning and static NMR

The ferroelastic phase transition of tetraethylammonium compound [N(C2H5)4]2ZnBr4 at the phase transition temperature (TC) = 283 K was characterized by magic-angle spinning (MAS) and static nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and confirmed by optical polarizing spectroscopy. The structural geometry near TC was studied in terms of the chemical shifts and the spin-lattice relaxation times T1ρ in the rotating frame for 1H MAS NMR and 13C cross-polarization (CP)/MAS NMR. The two inequivalent ethyl groups were distinguishable in the 13C NMR spectrum, and the T1ρ results indicate that they undergo tumbling motion above TC in a coupled manner. From the 14N NMR results, the two nitrogen nuclei in the N(C2H5)4+ ions were distinguishable above TC, and the splitting in the spectra below TC was related to the ferroelastic domains with different orientations.

Nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for the dimer formation of beta amyloid peptide 1–42 in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol

Alzheimer's disease involves accumulation of senile plaques in which filamentous aggregates of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides are deposited. Recent studies demonstrate that oligomerization pathways of Aβ peptides may be complicated. To understand the mechanisms of Aβ(1–42) oligomer formation in more detail, we have established a method to produce 15N-labeled Aβ(1–42) suited for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies. For physicochemical studies, the starting protein material should be solely monomeric and all Aβ aggregates must be removed. Here, we succeeded in fractionating a “precipitation-resistant” fraction of Aβ(1–42) from an “aggregation-prone” fraction by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), even from bacterially overexpressed Aβ(1–42). However, both Aβ(1–42) fractions after 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) treatment formed amyloid fibrils. This indicates that the “aggregation seed” was not completely monomerized during HFIP treatment. In addition, Aβ(1–42) dissolved in HFIP was found to display a monomer–dimer equilibrium, as shown by two-dimensional 1H–15N NMR. We demonstrated that the initial concentration of Aβ during the HFIP pretreatment altered the kinetic profiles of Aβ fibril formation in a thioflavin T fluorescence assay. The findings described here should ensure reproducible results when studying the Aβ(1–42) peptide.

An ab initio study on 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA (ecstasy) and its derivatives

Computational studies have been carried out at DFT-B3LYP/6-31+G* and PW91P86/6-31+G* levels of theory on the structural and spectroscopic properties of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its derivatives. Nuclear quadrupole coupling constants (NQCCs) of 14N and 17O and chemical shift of 13C and 1H have been calculated. There is a good correlation between the calculated chemical shifts of 13C and 1H and experimental data. Our results showed that 14N and 17O NQCCs are quite sensitive to substitute-induced structural charge. In these compounds, a correlation has been observed between the parameters characteristic biological activity (LD50, IC50) and nuclear quadruple resonance (NQR) parameters. We also report a computational study for the 14N and 17O nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tensors in ecstasy and its derivatives. To our knowledge, no sufficient ab initio study has been carried out on MDMA and its derivatives.

Study of chemically inequivalent N(CH3)4 ions in [N(CH3)4]2ZnBr4 near the phase transition temperature using 1H MAS NMR, 13C CP/MAS NMR, and 14N NMR

The temperature dependences of the chemical shifts and intensities of 1H, 13C, and 14N nuclei in tetramethylammonium tetrabromozincate, [N(CH3)4]2ZnBr4, were investigated using single-crystal nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy to elucidate the structural geometry near the phase transition temperature. Based on the analysis of the 13C cross-polarization (CP)/MAS NMR and 14N NMR spectra, the two chemically inequivalent N(1) (CH3)4 and N(2) (CH3)4 ions were distinguished. Furthermore, the 14N NMR spectrum at the phase transition temperature indicated the existence of the ferroelastic characteristics of the N(CH3)4 ions.

Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of the Process-Related Impurities of Olmesartan Medoxomil. Do 5-(Biphenyl-2-yl)-1-triphenylmethyltetrazole Intermediates in Sartan Syntheses Exist?

During the process development for multigram-scale synthesis of olmesartan medoxomil (OM), two principal regioisomeric process-related impurities were observed along with the final active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The impurities were identified as N-1- and N-2-(5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl)methyl derivatives of OM. Both compounds, of which N-2 isomer of olmesartan dimedoxomil is a novel impurity of OM, were synthesized and fully characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry/electrospray ionization (HRMS/ESI). Their 1H, 13C and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance signals were fully assigned. The molecular structures of N-triphenylmethylolmesartan ethyl (N-tritylolmesartan ethyl) and N-tritylolmesartan medoxomil, the key intermediates in OM synthesis, were solved and refined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). The SCXRD study revealed that N-tritylated intermediates of OM exist exclusively as one of the two possible regioisomers. In molecular structures of these regioisomers, the trityl substituent is attached to the N-2 nitrogen atom of the tetrazole ring, and not to the N-1 nitrogen, as has been widely reported up to the present. This finding indicates that the reported structural formula of N-tritylolmesartan ethyl and N-tritylolmesartan medoxomil, as well as their systematic chemical names, must be revised. The careful analysis of literature spectroscopic data for other sartan intermediates and their analogs with 5-(biphenyl-2-yl)tetrazole moiety showed that they also exist exclusively as N-2-trityl regioisomers.

Probing the Carbonyl Functionality of a Petroleum Resin and Asphaltene through Oximation and Schiff Base Formation in Conjunction with N-15 NMR.

Despite recent advances in spectroscopic techniques, there is uncertainty regarding the nature of the carbonyl groups in the asphaltene and resin fractions of crude oil, information necessary for an understanding of the physical properties and environmental fate of these materials. Carbonyl and hydroxyl group functionalities are not observed in natural abundance 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of asphaltenes and resins and therefore require spin labeling techniques for detection. In this study, the carbonyl functionalities of the resin and asphaltene fractions from a light aliphatic crude oil that is the source of groundwater contamination at the long term USGS study site near Bemidji, Minnesota, have been examined through reaction with 15N-labeled hydroxylamine and aniline in conjunction with analysis by solid and liquid state 15N NMR. Ketone groups were revealed through 15N NMR detection of their oxime and Schiff base derivatives, and esters through their hydroxamic acid derivatives. Anilinohydroquinone adducts provided evidence for quinones. Some possible configurations of the ketone groups in the resin and asphaltene fractions can be inferred from a consideration of the likely reactions that lead to heterocyclic condensation products with aniline and to the Beckmann reaction products from the initially formed oximes. These include aromatic ketones and ketones adjacent to quaternary carbon centers, β-hydroxyketones, β-diketones, and β-ketoesters. In a solid state cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) 15N NMR spectrum recorded on the underivatized asphaltene as a control, carbazole and pyrrole-like nitrogens were the major naturally abundant nitrogens detected.

CBL-2201. Report on a new designer drug: Napht-1-yl 1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate

The 1H, 13C and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) identification of a synthetic cannabinoid compound has been conducted. It was shown that this compound cannot be reliably distinguished from the closely related quinolin-8-yl indole-3-carboxylic acid derivative by an automatic search in MS library. Structural difference of the studied compound and known illicit compounds has been determined using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Analytical data for the identification of this compound were provided.

Enabling visible-light water photooxidation by coordinative incorporation of Co(II/III) cocatalytic sites into organic-inorganic hybrids: quantum chemical modeling and photoelectrochemical performance

Coordinative incorporation of Co(II/III) cocatalytic sites into organic–inorganic hybrids of TiO2 and “polyheptazine” (PH, poly(aminoimino)heptazine, melon, or “graphitic carbon nitride”) has been investigated both by quantum chemical calculations and experimental techniques. Specifically, density-functional theory (DFT) calculations (PBE/def2-TZVPP) suggest that Co(II/III) and Zn(II) ions adsorb in nanocavities at the surface of the hybrid PH–TiO2 cluster, a prediction which can be further confirmed experimentally by 15N nuclear magnetic resonance in the case of the Zn complex. The absorption spectra of the complexes were characterized by time-dependent DFT calculations, suggesting a change of color upon Co ion binding which can in fact be observed with the naked eye. Hybrid TiO2–PH photoelectrodes were impregnated with Co(II) ions from aqueous cobalt nitrate solutions. Optical absorption data suggest that Co(II) ions are predominantly present as single ions coordinated within the nitrogen cavities of TiO2–PH, and any undesired blocking of light absorption is negligible. The cobalt-induced cocatalytic sites can efficiently couple to the holes photogenerated by visible light in TiO2–PH, leading to complete oxidation of water to dioxygen. Our results indicate that coordinative incorporation of metal ions into well-designed surface sites in the light absorber is sufficient to drive complex multielectron transformations in artificial photosynthetic systems.

Functional Dynamics in Replication Protein A DNA Binding and Protein Recruitment Domains

Replication Protein A (RPA) is an essential scaffold for many DNA processing machines; its function relies on its modular architecture. Here, we report (15)N-nuclear magnetic resonance heteronuclear relaxation analysis to characterize the movements of single-stranded (ss) DNA binding and protein interaction modules in the RPA70 subunit. Our results provide direct evidence for coordination of the motion of the tandem RPA70AB ssDNA binding domains. Moreover, binding of ssDNA substrate is found to cause dramatic reorientation and full coupling of inter-domain motion. In contrast, the RPA70N protein interaction domain remains structurally and dynamically independent of RPA70AB regardless of binding of ssDNA. This autonomy of motion between the 70N and 70AB modules supports a model in which the two binding functions of RPA are mediated fully independently, but remain differentially coordinated depending on the length of their flexible tethers. A critical role for linkers between the globular domains in determining the functional dynamics of RPA is proposed.

Quantifying the hydrogen-bonding interaction between cation and anion of pure [EMIM][Ac] and evidencing the ion pairs existence in its extremely diluted water solution: Via 13C, 1H, 15N and 2D NMR

The acetate-based ionic liquid (AcIL) [EMIM][Ac] does not fully dissociated into isolated ions in extremely diluted water solution (0.5mol% of IL). Still, ion pairs exist via the through-space weak van der Waals force between H6 of the cation and Hb of the anion. In this ion pairs, except for H6 and Hb, all other hydrogen atoms (i.e., H2, H4, H5, H7, H8) are totally hydrated by water; the acetate anion suffers from a more extent of hydration due to its higher hydrophilicity. One dimension (1D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1H, 13C, 15N,) and two dimensions (2D) NMR are used in this study. 2D NMR used includes through-space 1H–1H NOSEY (nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy), through-bond 1H–13C HSQC COSY (heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy), and HMBC COSY (heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation spectroscopy). The much stronger (H245/anion) or weaker (H78/anion) hydrogen-bonding interaction in the pure [EMIM][Ac] disfavors the association of ions in the diluted state due to a better hydrogen-bonding donor or a weaker hydrogen-bonding strength, respectively. However, H6/anion with the moderate hydrogen-bonding strength and the moderate hydrogen-bonding donating ability existed in the pure [EMIM][Ac] plays the role in determining the associating ion pairs. The proportion of hydrogen-bonding interaction between hydrogens in the cation with anion (100%) is approximately quantified in descending order as follows: H2 (42%), H4 (24%), H5 (22%), H6 (6%), H7 (5%), and H8 (1%).

Investigation of solvent effects on the stability and 15N NMR shielding of hallucinogenic harmine using the PCM model and NBO interpretation

Density functional theory (DFT) and Tomasi’s polarized continuum model (PCM) are applied for the investigation of the solvent structure and its dielectric constant effects on the relative stability and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tensors of hallucinogenic harmine. All of the used computational methods indicate that the structural stability in protic polar solvents is higher than that in aprotic polar and nonpolar solvents, and the most stable structure was observed in methanol. Also, the natural bond orbital (NBO) interpretation demonstrates that with an increase in the solvent dielectric constant the resonance energy for LP(N9) → σ* and π* interactions of the strutural pyrrole ring increases while the LP (N9) occupancy decreases, and the highest resonance energy and the lowest occupancy are observed in water and methanol. On the other hand, NMR calculations show that there are the lowest values of Δσdir in water and methanol media for both nitrogen nuclei of the harmine structure.

Halogen bond interactions enhanced by sodium bonds — Theoretical evidence for cooperative and substitution effects in NCX···NCNa···NCY complexes (X = F, Cl, Br, I; Y = H, F, OH)

Quantum chemical calculations are performed to study cooperativity and substituent effects between halogen bond and sodium bond interactions in NCX···NCNa···NCY complexes, where X = F, Cl, Br, I and Y = H, F, OH. These effects are studied in terms of equilibrium geometry, interaction energy,15N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters, and electron density analysis of the complexes at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level. The X···N and Na···N bond lengths in the ternary systems are always shorter than those in the corresponding dyads. In each triad, the decrease in the halogen bond length is far greater than that of the sodium bond. In all triads studied, a favorable cooperativity is found with values that range between –0.30 and –1.72 kcal/mol. It is revealed that NMR parameters at the site of the nitrogen atom of the NCNa molecule can be regarded as a good description to quantify the degree of cooperative effects in the NCX···NCNa···NCY systems. The nature of halogen bond and sodium bond interactions of the complexes is analyzed using parameters derived from the quantum theory of atoms in molecules methodology and energy decomposition analysis.

NMR spectral properties of 16 synthetic bacteriochlorins with site-specific 13C or 15N substitution

The 1 H , 13 C , and 15 N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral properties have been examined of a family of synthetic bacteriochlorins wherein each member incorporates a pair of 13 C or 15 N atoms. The atom locations span the inner core of the macrocycle: (1) 15 N at the 21,23- or 22,24-positions; (2) 13 C at the meso- (5,15- or 10,20-) positions; (3) 13 C at the pyrrole α-positions (1,11- or 4,14-positions); and (4) 13 C at the pyrroline α-positions (6,16- or 9,19-positions). Each bacteriochlorin lacks peripheral substituents other than a geminal dimethyl group at the 8- and 18-positions to preclude adventitious dehydrogenation. In total, eight free base and eight zinc bacteriochlorin isotopologs were examined to directly assign 1 H , 13 C and 15 N resonances of the macrocycle skeleton. Complete and unambiguous assignments, including those for all tertiary and quaternary carbons, were accomplished chiefly by direct inspection of 1D NMR spectra of each isotopolog. Coupling constants (1 H –1 H , 13 C –1 H , 15 N –1 H , 13 C –13 C and 15 N –13 C ), which are rarely reported for tetrapyrroles, also were extracted. The 1 H and 13 C chemical shifts were then compared to those of unsaturated analogs (chlorin, porphyrin) and natural bacteriochlorophylls. The comprehensive set of NMR spectroscopic properties of sparsely substituted bacteriochlorins provides valuable information for understanding substitution effects and aromaticity in structurally more elaborate counterparts.

Complexation of heteroaromatic N-oxides with rhodium(II) tetracarboxylates in solution: DFT and NMR investigations

Complexation of rhodium(II) tetraacetate and rhodium(II) tetrakistrifluoroacetate with a set of heteroaromatic N-oxides containing additional functional groups was investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and 1H, 13C and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in CDCl3 solutions. Chemical shifts for five N-oxides and their 1:1 adducts with rhodium tetraacetate were computed at the B3PW91/[6-311++G(2d,p), Stuttgart ECP)//B3LYP/[6-31G(2d), LANL2DZ] theory level applying IEF PCM (CHCl3) solvation model and taking into account various complexation modes and conformational variety. Calculated values were used for the estimation of complexation shifts Δδ (Δδ=δadduct−δligand). The largest negative complexation shift were estimated for heteroatoms bonded to Rh, from −37 to −70 ppm (N), from −100 to −160ppm (O in NO group), from −13 to −23ppm (O in OCH3 group), and from −12 to −22 ppm (Cl). For the remaining heteroatoms in adducts, the corresponding Δδ values ranged from −22 to +8.2ppm (N), from +3 to +58ppm (O) and from +6 to +51 ppm (Cl). The Δδ(1H) usually did not exceed 1ppm, whereas Δδ(13C) varied from ca. −1 to +7ppm. Some trends useful for the determination of the complexation site were extracted from calculated data sets. Theoretical findings were applied to analyse experimental NMR data.

Site-Specific Structural Variations Accompanying Tubular Assembly of the HIV-1 Capsid Protein

The 231-residue capsid (CA) protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) spontaneously self-assembles into tubes with a hexagonal lattice that is believed to mimic the surface lattice of conical capsid cores within intact virions. We report the results of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements on HIV-1 CA tubes that provide new information regarding changes in molecular structure that accompany CA self-assembly, local dynamics within CA tubes, and possible mechanisms for the generation of lattice curvature. This information is contained in site-specific assignments of signals in two- and three-dimensional solid-state NMR spectra, conformation-dependent 15N and 13C NMR chemical shifts, detection of highly dynamic residues under solution NMR conditions, measurements of local variations in transverse spin relaxation rates of amide 1H nuclei, and quantitative measurements of site-specific 15N–15N dipole–dipole couplings. Our data show that most of the CA sequence is conformationally ordered and relatively rigid in tubular assemblies and that structures of the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-terminal domain (CTD) observed in solution are largely retained. However, specific segments, including the N-terminal β-hairpin, the cyclophilin A binding loop, the inter-domain linker, segments involved in intermolecular NTD–CTD interactions, and the C-terminal tail, have substantial static or dynamical disorder in tubular assemblies. Other segments, including the 310-helical segment in CTD, undergo clear conformational changes. Structural variations associated with curvature of the CA lattice appear to be localized in the inter-domain linker and intermolecular NTD–CTD interface, while structural variations within NTD hexamers, around local 3-fold symmetry axes, and in CTD–CTD dimerization interfaces are less significant.

Identification and Physicochemical Characteristics of Temozolomide Process-Related Impurities

In this article the crystal structures of the starting material TZ-5 and the key intermediate TZ-6 of temozolomide (TZ-7), an anticancer therapeutic agent, are presented, together with their spectroscopic and thermal characteristics. Both compounds crystallize in the triclinic P-1 space group. X-ray crystallography studies proved that the compound TZ-6 exists as a monohydrate. A complete structural assignment was obtained for the signals in the 1H-, 13C- and 15N-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and the structures were confirmed by Fourier-Transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The article describes the importance of the high purity of TZ-6 during the small-scale plant production of TZ-7 in a desired polymorphic form III with the purity higher than 99.50%, according to an HPLC method.

A simple method to synthesize fluorescent modified gold nanoparticles using tryptamine as the reducing and capping agent

A simple method to synthesize fluorescent modified gold nanoparticles using tryptamine as the reducing and capping agent is described. The presented method produces gold nanoparticles with 36.65±5.30nm average size. The modified gold nanoparticles were characterized by elemental and thermal analyses, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential, X-ray powder diffraction and spectroscopic techniques, such as electronic spectroscopy in ultraviolet–visible and fluorescence excitation–emission. In addition, modified gold nanoparticles were analyzed by solid state 15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which confirmed the coordination of tryptamine on the gold nanoparticles surface. A prominent characteristic observed is the fluorescence of tryptamine which was not quenched after the coordination to gold nanoparticles. The results presented in this paper confirm the modification of gold nanoparticles by tryptamine and suggest potential use of such nanoparticles as labeling dye in biological systems.

Solid-state NMR enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization as a novel tool for ribosome structural biology

The impact of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) on studies of large macromolecular complexes hinges on improvements in sensitivity and resolution. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) in the solid state can offer improved sensitivity, provided sample preparation is optimized to preserve spectral resolution. For a few nanomoles of intact ribosomes and an 800 kDa ribosomal complex we demonstrate that the combination of DNP and magic-angle spinning NMR (MAS-NMR) allows one to overcome current sensitivity limitations so that homo- and heteronuclear (13)C and (15)N NMR correlation spectra can be recorded. Ribosome particles, directly pelleted and frozen into an NMR rotor, yield DNP signal enhancements on the order of ~25-fold and spectra that exhibit narrow linewidths, suitable for obtaining site-specific information. We anticipate that the same approach is applicable to other high molecular weight complexes.

Electron Transfer Mechanism of the Rieske Protein from Thermus thermophilus from Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigations

We report nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data indicating that the Rieske protein from the cytochrome bc complex of Thermus thermophilus (TtRp) undergoes modest redox-state-dependent and ligand-dependent conformational changes. To test models concerning the mechanism by which TtRp transfers between different sites on the complex, we monitored (1)H, (15)N, and (13)C NMR signals as a function of the redox state and molar ratio of added ligand. Our studies of full-length TtRp were conducted in the presence of dodecyl phosphocholine micelles to solvate the membrane anchor of the protein and the hydrophobic tail of the ligand (hydroubiquinone). NMR data indicated that hydroubiquinone binds to TtRp and stabilizes an altered protein conformation. We utilized a truncated form of the Rieske protein lacking the membrane anchor (trunc-TtRp) to investigate redox-state-dependent conformational changes. Local chemical shift perturbations suggested possible conformational changes at prolyl residues. Detailed investigations showed that all observable prolyl residues of oxidized trunc-TtRp have trans peptide bond configurations but that two of these peptide bonds (Cys151-Pro152 and Gly169-Pro170 located near the iron-sulfur cluster) become cis in the reduced protein. Changes in the chemical shifts of backbone signals provided evidence of redox-state- and ligand-dependent conformational changes localized near the iron-sulfur cluster. These structural changes may alter interactions between the Rieske protein and the cytochrome b and c sites and provide part of the driving force for movement of the Rieske protein between these two sites.

Physicochemical Characteristics of Sunitinib Malate and its Process-Related Impurities

In this article, details of crystal and molecular structures of sunitinib malate (SUM), an anticancer therapeutic, and its key synthetic intermediate are presented. Both these compounds were also characterized spectroscopically and thermally. SUM crystallizes in the monoclinic P2(1) space group with two molecules in the asymmetric part of the unit cell, whereas the intermediate crystallises in the triclinic P-1 space group with four independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The three-dimensional structure of SUM consists of two different layers of molecules. The first one is built of the malic anions, whereas the other layer consists of more hydrophobic sunitinib molecules. This layer is formed by two types of molecules creating a herring bond-like pattern with pairs of neighboring cations forming the V-shape arrangement of molecules. The V-shaped pairs of molecules form ribbons by fitting into two neighboring V shapes. The characteristic V-shape assemble of the moieties is hold together with three C-H…F weak interactions. Besides, process-related impurities of SUM were identified and their structures confirmed by separate synthesis. These impurities were fully characterized by spectroscopic and crystallographic methods as well as by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The H-, (13)C-, and (15)N-nuclear magnetic resonance signals were fully assigned structurally and the resulting structures were confirmed by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. It was the herein elaborated synthesis of impurity-free SUM that allowed for growing of its single crystals suitable for X-ray crystallographic studies. Comparison of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern for SUM with that derived from single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis indicated that SUM formed the polymorph I crystal phase, which is also encountered in its pharmaceutical formulation.