14th Day Research Articles

Antioxidative Potential of Telfairia occidentalis Aqueous Leaves Extract in Mitigating Cyclophosphamide-Induced Neurotoxicity in Wistar Rats

Aim: This study sought to investigate the antioxidative potentials of Telfairia occidentalis aqueous leaves extract (TOAE) on cyclophosphamide (CP) induced neurotoxicity in rats. Study Design: This study sought to investigate the antioxidative potentials of Telfairia occidentalis aqueous leaf extract (TOAE) on cyclophosphamide induced neurotoxicity in rats. Place and duration of the study: This study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria between October, 2023 and September, 2024 Methods: 25 Adult wistar rats were assigned into five different groups I-V of (n=5) which were respectively exposed for 14 days as follow to Normal saline, TOAE only (400 mg/kg b.w), 400 mg/kg b.w TOAE with single dose of 100 mg/kg CP on 14th day, single dose 100 mg/kg CP only on day 1 and single dose of 100 mg/kg CP only on day 1 followed by 400 mg/kg b.w of TOAE for 14 days. CP was administered intraperitoneally and TOAE was administered orally. All the animals were sacrificed at the end of designated exposure and processed for biochemical evaluations using standard protocols. Results: CP mediated inflammation in cerebellum of rats with a significant increase in MDA, CAT, IL-1β and TNF-α significant decrease in SOD and Gpx levels compared with a control group. Lipid peroxidation was also induced following exposure of rats to CP. There is a marked decrease in antioxidant enzymes activities in CP group. However, treatment with TOAE markedly inhibited the inflammation by reversing the elevated levels of inflammatory markers. Furthermore, TOAE suppressed the lipid peroxidation chain reaction by reducing the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase CAT. TOAE attenuates CP-induced oxidative stress by increase the level of GPx and superoxide dismutase enhancing the activities of the cytoprotective enzymes (catalase and glutathione-S- transferase). Serum levels of Interleukin-2/1-beta and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), were measured on the 15th day after exposure. The effect of TOAE was deduced on anti-inflammatory and antioxidants properties. Taken together, TOAE inhibited inflammation, suppressed lipid peroxidation, attenuated oxidative stress, and enhanced the antioxidant enzymes activities. Conclusion: These therapeutic effects of TOAE might be due to its phytochemicals. The findings of this study indicate that aqueous leaf extract of T. occidentalis has could be a drug candidate for the treatment of the immunosuppressive effect of cyclophosphamide on neurotoxicity.

ВЛИЯНИЕ СВЕТОДИОДНОГО ОСВЕЩЕНИЯ НА АДАПТАЦИЮ РАСТЕНИЙ-РЕГЕНЕРАНТОВ МЯТЫ ВОДНОЙ В КЛИМАТИЧЕСКОЙ КАМЕРЕ

Growth rate, plant biomass and concentration of beneficial compounds largely depend on the quality and intensity of lighting. The purpose of research is to study LED lighting on the process of adaptation of regenerated watermint plants using a digital climate camera. During research, the object studied was microclones of watermint (Mentha aquatica L.). Watermint microclones were grown by in vitro cell and tissue culture in the laboratory of the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. Subsequently, a set of measures was carried out to adapt plants in vitro to ex vitro conditions using a digital climate chamber produced by VIM (Russia). Adaptation of regenerated plants was carried out using two options of light-emitting diode lighting (LED): B:G:R ~ 16:42:39 and B:G:R ~ 26:66:49 for 24 days. Assessing the intensity of plant growth over time by the 24th day, significant differences were revealed between the LED lighting options. When studying the quantitative content of photosynthetic pigments, it was found that different light intensities did not affect the accumulation of total chlorophyll and carotenoids in watermint leaves. A significant influence of the intensity of illumination from LED light sources on the root formation of watermint has been established. As a result of assessing the effectiveness of using different spectra of LED lighting to increase the rooting of watermint under ex vitro conditions, a technological method of using LED lighting with a spectral composition B:G:R ~ 16:42:39 and a total PAR of 100 mmol/m²s was determined.

Deferiprone ameliorates cisplatin induced peripheral neurotoxicity via ferritinophagy adjustment

Abstract Cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity is one of the limiting factors to its use especially in tumors that demand high drug dosage. One of the Cisplatin pathways is ferritinophagy which may end up in ferroptosis. So, we aimed to use iron chelator as a new strategy based on an anti-ferroptotic mechanism and to evaluate its neuroprotective effect against polyneuropathy in Cisplatin-treated rats. Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats were arranged into four groups: (I) Control group, rats were given vehicle; (II) Def group, rats received deferiprone (200 mg/kg orally once daily for 10 days); (III) Cis group, rats were injected by Cis 2 mg/Kg once daily for 3 consecutive days i.p.; and (IV) Cis + Def group, rats received deferiprone (200 mg/kg orally once daily for 10 days, rats were injected with Cis in the 4th, 5th, and 6th days). Cis increased and upregulated ferritinophagy inducers significantly including MDA, NCOA4, and IREB1 as compared to the control group. On the other hand, GSH, GPX4, SLCA11 and FTH1 were decreased and down regulated significantly compared to the control group. In addition to significant deterioration in the histopathological and immunological nerve tissue assessment using silver stain and PNCA. Embracing the cisplatin dosage with deferiprone reversed cisplatin-induced neuropathy, in which the physiological function significantly improved along with the immune and histopathology of nerve tissue. This was accompanied by down regulation of ferritinophagy inducers and enhancing ferritinophagy inhibitors. The current results concluded that rapping cisplatin with deferiprone can mitigate neurotoxicity induced by cisplatin in experimental animals through ferritinophagy pathway adjustment.

Efficacy and fibrinogen correlations of defibrinogen therapy in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Defibrinogen (DF) therapy in addressing total deafness of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (TD-ISSNHL) and investigate the relationship between fibrinogen levels and auditory outcomes. A total of 342 cases of TD-ISSNHL were retrospectively analyzed, with patients divided into two main groups: an experimental group receiving batroxobin in conjunction with Ginaton and glucocorticoids, and a control group receiving Ginaton and glucocorticoids only. Auditory outcomes on the 10th day and the 14th day were analyzed and compared across these groups. Subsequently, the correlation between plasma fibrinogen and prognosis were analyzed within these groups. By the 10th day, the overall efficacy rates in the experimental groups were significantly higher than that in the control group (P = 0.039). Patients extending DF therapy to the 14th day showed a substantial improvement in the overall efficacy rate, from 50.98 to 82.35%. Additionally, significant differences in fibrinogen levels were observed on day 1, day 3, and day 5 ± 1 between the recovery and non-recovery groups (P = 0.013, P = 0.024, P = 0.005). Spearman’s rank correlation analysis indicated weak negative correlations between fibrinogen levels on day 1 and day 3 and hearing improvement, while the level on day 5±1 had a moderate negative correlation. Throughout the follow-up period, no major complications were observed. The study findings suggest that batroxobin therapy not only improves hearing recovery but also maintains plasma fibrinogen at a low and safe level. In addition, sustained low fibrinogen level throughout treatment serves as a predictor for better prognosis in TD-ISSNHL.

Case report: Successful treatment of a thallium sulfate intoxication in a dog with use of Prussian blue

Soluble thallium salts are highly toxic, with mortality rates exceeding 70% in animals compared to 6%−15% in humans. Early identification of thallium intoxicated patients and decreasing the toxic load by targeted treatment using Prussian Blue are associated with a better outcome in humans. Prussian blue, however, is rarely available or used in veterinary settings. Here we present a rare report of the successful use of Prussian Blue in the management of a dog with a thallium intoxication. A 5-year-old miniature Schnauzer, ingested a thallium sulfate based rodenticide leading to lethargy, anorexia, regurgitation, abdominal pain, borborygmi, constipation, ataxia, dermatitis and progressive alopecia. Intervention involved supportive care with subcutaneous fluids, carprofen, butylscopolamine and dexamethasone in combination with targeted treatment using the chelating agent Prussian blue (15 days) followed by activated charcoal (4 days). The serum thallium concentration on the 5th day of the Prussian Blue treatment was 196 mcg/L confirming thallium intoxication. The serum thallium concentrations were 20.7 mcg/L and 21.5 mcg/L on days 14 and 34 of treatment, respectively. The calculated elimination half-life during the during PB treatment was 2.8 days. The patient showed gradual improvement over several weeks, achieving full recovery at 11 weeks. This case emphasizes the importance of a timely diagnosis and the early start of targeted therapy using Prussian blue, in the management of thallium intoxication in veterinary patients.

Peculiarities of the manifestation of the visual state of Clarias gariepinus in the early periods of ontogenesis

Clary catfish are distinguished by their unique biology and specific development, as they are able to move on land and breathe atmospheric air for a long time. Living in water and on land can affect the microstructure of the eye structure, since it is known that the organs of vision of animals in different habitats have their own specifics.Due to the poorly studied organs of vision in Clarias gariepinus, we set out to use different dyes to study the microstructure of the eye in the early periods of ontogenesis and determine the most effective methods of histological staining.The object of the study was the fry of the marbled catfish at the age of 14 days. The material for making histological sections was the organs of vision of Clarias gariepinus. Staining was carried out in two ways: with Gill hematoxylin and eosin alcohol solution, and we also tried out Mallory's staining.The results of our research have confirmed the data of other authors that the process of formation of all layers of the organ of vision occurs at the stage of pre-larvae. Already on the second day, active eye mobility and the reaction of the visual apparatus to light were recorded in experimental fish. The cornea of the eyes is flat, which is typical for aquaculture facilities. The microstructure of the eye is represented by clearly distinguishable layers on the 14th day after hatching. On the longitudinal section of the micropreparation, when stained with hematoxylin Gill and 1% alcohol solution of eosin, the actual vascular membrane of the retina of the eye, consisting of loose fibrous connective tissue, is visible. The outer layer of the retina is represented by rods and cones, which contain bipolar neurons, as well as a photosensitive pigment, which is clearly distinguished when stained with hematoxylin by Mallory.

Bacteriophage therapy in women with chronic recurrent cystitis caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria: A prospective, observational, comparative study

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the combination of bacteriophage therapy with antibiotics and bacteriophage treatment alone on relieving clinical symptoms of chronic recurrent cystitis caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Materials and methods This clinical trial compared the treatment methods of 217 female patients with chronic recurrent cystitis caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, who were investigated from June 2020 to May 2023. Patients were allocated into 4 groups: group I: received bacteriophage (Sextaphage) therapy alone; group II: received a combination of bacteriophages (Sextaphage) and furazidin; group III: received a combination of bacteriophage (Sextaphage) and furazidin with cefixime; and group IV: received furazidin and cefixime (without bacteriophage). The primary outcome included changes in the acute cystitis symptom scale and the pain visual analog scale, which were completed on days 7 and 14 following treatment. Secondary outcome measures included bladder diary records of urinary symptoms, median voided volumes, level of bacteriuria, and degree of leukocyturia. Results Initially, 217 female patients were presented during baseline visits. Those who did not meet the criteria inclusions were excluded, and 178 female patients were included in the final analysis. Statistically significant improvements from baseline in acute cystitis symptom scale scores for differential, typical symptoms, and quality of life domains were observed after 14 days of treatment in groups II, III, and IV. The pain level measured on the 14th day with the visual analog scale significantly decreased in groups II, III, and IV compared with group I. The patients of group I had a reduction of mean level bacteriuria of Escherichia coli from 106 to 102 CFU/mL at 14 days of therapy. Significant improvement of voided volume from baseline was observed in groups II, III, and IV. Episodes of urinary frequency, both daytime and night-time, reduced significantly from baseline in all 4 groups only at 14 days of treatment. Conclusions Bacteriophage cocktail alone or with antibiotics may improve clinical symptoms in women with chronic recurrent cystitis caused by multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. In addition to improving clinical symptoms, the therapy with a phage cocktail may restore antibiotic sensitivity and increase the efficacy of antimicrobial agents.

Ayurvedic management of Vascular Parkinsonism: A Case Report

Introduction: Vascular parkinsonism (VP) is a distinct clinicopathological entity from idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, which is presumably caused by cerebrovascular disease. It is characterized by predominant lower body parkinsonism, postural instability, shuffling or freezing gait, absence of rest tremors, absence or poor response to dopamine, and the presence of corticospinal tract signs. Methodology: A 62-year-old male patient was admitted to the Panchakarma IPD of VAC, Ollur complaining of tremors in the hands (left > right), weakness in the left hand, slowness in activities and speech, memory loss, swaying while walking, and pain over the left shoulder joint for the past 10 months. On examination, extrapyramidal signs were positive. He underwent a treatment protocol for Vatavyadhi, including Udvarthanam, Dhanyamladhara, Sirodhara, Vasthi, and Shastika Sali Pinda Sweda, along with Samanoushadis, for a period of 26 days, which yielded better results in the condition. Result: patient assessment was conducted using the Modified Hoehn and Yahr scale, Schwab and England ADL scale, and PDQ-39 scale on the 1st and 26th days. After the treatment, there was a notable amelioration of symptoms, a reduction in disability, and an enhancement in overall quality of life.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone versus Prednisolone for Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Economic Evaluation.

Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) is the most common epileptic encephalopathy in infancy and early childhood. At present, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and prednisolone are commonly used as drug treatment regimens for IESS. However, evidence of efficacy and economics remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and economy of ACTH and prednisolone of IESS. Seven literature databases and two clinical trial registration platforms were searched, and a meta-analysis was conducted. From the perspective of the health care system, a 14-day economic evaluation was conducted. The rate of spasm cessation on the 14th day was used as the effect index. The univariate sensitivity analysis was used to verify the robustness of the results. Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Current clinical evidence is not sufficient to prove the difference in the rate of spasm cessation on the 14th day (risk ratio [RR] = 1.05, 95% CI 0.86-1.27, p = 0.64) and total adverse event rate (RR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.53-1.42, p = 0.57). ACTH had an advantage in improving electroclinical response on the 14th day (RR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.09-1.96, p = 0.01) and reducing the number of months taken for relapse (mean difference = 1.65, 95% CI 1.01-2.29, p < 0.01). The cost of ACTH and prednisolone was 5,629.19 yuan and 5.56 yuan, respectively. Univariate sensitivity analysis showed the most influential factor was the cost of ACTH. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether ACTH or prednisolone is better in the short-term regimen of IESS. ACTH may have more advantages in improving the long-term outcome of IESS. In China, a prednisolone regimen of IESS has a lower cost within 14 days.

Discovering the anti-parasitic activity of melatonin loaded lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles against giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis in Balb/c infected mice

BackgroundGiardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium parvum are the primary causes of diarrhea with global attention due to the severe pathophysiological changes leading to mortality. During this study, we explored the biological protozoal contaminants (Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp.) in some areas of the Nile River. Then, we evaluated effectiveness of melatonin (Mel) and melatonin loaded lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles (Mel-LCNPs) against giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis in mice models using parasitological and inflammatory response examination.ResultsThe number of positive samples for Cryptosporidium was higher than that for Giardia with percentage of 46.67% and 40.0%, respectively. Prior to treatment, the physical characterization (hydrodynamic size and zeta potential) and in vitro characterization of Mel-LCNPs were carried. Mel-LCNPs revealed a hydrodynamic size of 78.8 nm and a zeta potential of − 27.2 mV. Furthermore, they have powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, while displaying minimal anticoagulant and cytotoxic effects during in vivo evaluation. Mel was consistently discharged from nanoparticles in a regulated and enduring manner for 36 h. Moreover, Mel in NPs has an entrapment efficiency (EE) of 33.6% and a drug loading capacity (DLC) of 7.2% and significant reduction (100% and 99.4%, respectively) in the shedding of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts. This reduction was higher than that observed with Mel alone or LCNPs alone on the 14th day post-infection. Moreover, mice of group V, which received Mel-LCNP treatment, exhibited significantly normal levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) as well as healthy control mice group (group I).ConclusionMel-LCNPs were highly effective preparations against giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis in Balb/c mice experimentally infected with proved antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunological modulatory characteristics.

A randomized controlled clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of Nasya with Devadarvadi Ghrita in the management of Ardhavabhedaka

Background: Ardhavabhedaka is one among the Shirorogas explained by our Acharyas in which Shoola is experienced in Ardha Bhaga of the Shiras. Ardhavabhedaka can be scientifically correlated with Migraine due to its cardinal features of Half sided headache. Ardhavabhedaka if not treated it can cause Netra and Shotra Nasha, hence an early treatment is essential. Devadarvadi Ghrita Nasya is indicated in Ardhavabhedaka by Acharya Harita, therefore, this study was conducted to access its efficacy. Objective: To compare the efficacy of Devadarvadi ghrita Nasya and Shadbindu taila Nasya in the management of Ardhavabedaka. Methodology: In this single-blind study, 40 patients exhibiting classical features of Ardhavabhedaka, who met the inclusion criteria, were divided into two groups of 20 patients each for analysis. Group A was treated with Devadarvadi Ghrita Nasya, while Group B was treated with Shadbindu Taila Nasya for 7 days, followed by a follow-up assessment on the 14th day, after which statistical analysis was conducted. Result: Although there was no statistical significance observed, both the groups demonstrated clinical significance in reducing the frequency, duration, severity of headache and giddiness. Conclusion: Devadarvadi Ghrita Nasya showed better results than Shadbindu Taila in the management of Ardhavabhedaka.

Assessment of Rheological Properties of Round Gourd under Different Storage Conditions

The study was conducted to ascertain rheological properties of round gourd under cold storage conditions and was compared with the normal conditions. The cold storage developed at the Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology (GBPUAT), Pantnagar and was employed for the effective storage of round gourd. Some samples of round gourd were stored under cold storage (control) conditions and some were stored under normal (ambient) conditions. The study involved the evaluation of rheological properties viz. physiological weight loss, volume shrinkage, total soluble salts (TSS), firmness, stiffness and pH. The volume shrinkage (%) of round gourd ranged from 0% during initial to 58% for sample A and 0% to 63% for sample B at ambient temperature condition, whereas, it ranged from 0% during initial to 33% for both the samples at control condition. TSS ranged from 3.00 to 5.30 and from 3.50 to 4.10 for ambient and control condition respectively. pH ranged from 7.80 to 8.50 and from 7.10 to 7.65 for ambient and control condition respectively. It was investigated that the physiological weight loss of round gourd was substantially maximum at ambient temperature compared to the weight loss at cold storage temperature. The effect of storage period of round gourd on the weight loss was highly significant. The storage days exhibit a highly significant effect on volume shrinkage of round gourd samples. The l, a, b values depends on the color change of fruits and vegetables, the sample color changes significantly from initial day to 12th day of storage period. The ripening stage was faster in ambient condition as compared to cold storage condition.

A randomized controlled clinical study of Marichadi Kwatha in the management of Janusandhigata Vata

Background: Sandhigata Vata is a type of Vatavyadhi where the vitiated vata dosha specifically affects the joints with symptoms of Sandhishoola, Atopa Shopha, and Prasarana Aakunchana Vedana. Osteoarthritis mainly targets the knee joint, hip joint and certain small joints. OA is an important cause of disability and the second most common musculoskeletal problem in the world (30%) after back pain (50%). Hence Marichadi Kwatha and Rasnapanchaka Kwatha taken for present clinical study and results compared for checking the efficacy in Janusandhigata Vata. Methodology: 60 patients fulfilling the diagnostic and inclusion criteria were selected for a single blind randomized controlled clinical study. They were randomly allocated into 2 equal groups Group A and Group B. Group A subjects received Marichadi Kwatha in a dosage of 25ml Kwatha with 3ml Koshna Tila Taila twice daily after food for 30 days. Group B subjects received Rasnapanchaka Kwatha 25ml Kwatha with 3ml Koshna Tila Taila twice daily after food with for 30 days. Assessment was done on 0th day, 16th day, 31st day and 46th day. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in all parameters based on clinical evaluation. However, within each group, analysis showed significant changes in most parameters with the exception of Atopa. When comparing both groups, there were no significant differences found. Conclusion: Both Marichadi Kwatha and Rasnapanchaka Kwatha showed significant effect in all parameters except in Atopa. On statistical comparison between the two groups there were no significant difference in the effect of both Marichadi Kwatha and Rasnapanchaka Kwatha.

A randomized controlled clinical study of Amrutprabha Gutika in the management of Kaphaja Kasa

Background: Kaphaja Kasa is one of the five types of Kasa, where Kasa Vega is associated with Prabhuta-Snigda-Ghana-Kapha Nisteevana. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of two Ayurvedic formulations, Amrutprabha Gutika which was unexplored Aushadha Yoga explained in Yogachintamani, Gutikaadhikara and Lavangadi Gutika explained in Vaidhyajivanam, Swasakasa Chikitsa in the management of Kaphaja Kasa. Materials and Methods: 60 patients fulfilling the Diagnostic and Inclusion criteria were selected for a Single Blind Comparative study, they were randomly allocated into 2 equal groups A &amp; B, Group A and Group B received Amrutprabha Gutika and Lavangadi Gutika respectively in the dosage of 500mg, one tablet, twice daily, after food with Ushnodaka (lukewarm water) for 30 days, Assessment was done at baseline i.e.; 0th day, 16th day, after treatment on 31st day and after follow up on 46th day. Results: While comparing both the drugs clinically, Amrutprabha Gutika and Lavangadi Gutika showed effective results in Kaphaja Kasa. On statistically comparison within the groups, both the groups showed significant effect in Kasavega, Kapha Nisteevana, Aasyamadhuryata, Aruchi, Peenasa, Angagourava, TC, DC, ESR, AEC in both the groups. Conclusion: On statistical comparison between the two groups there is neither significant difference between Amrutprabha Gutika nor Amrutprabha Gutika is better than Lavangadi Gutika.

Detection of Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat Using NDVI from Multispectral UAS Measurements and Its Correlation with DON Contamination

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious fungal disease of wheat and other small cereal grains, significantly reducing grain yield and producing mycotoxins that affect food safety. There is a need for disease detection technologies to determine the right time to apply fungicides, as FHB infection begins before visible symptoms appear. Using multispectral remote sensing by an unmanned aircraft system (UAS), wheat plants were observed under field conditions infested with FHB and simultaneously protected with fungicides sprayed with four different types of nozzles, as well as corresponding control plots infested with FHB only. The results showed that the levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) differed significantly between the five treatments, indicating that the control had the highest DON concentration as no fungicide treatment was applied. This study revealed that the assessment of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) after FHB infection could be useful for predicting DON accumulation in wheat, as a significant negative correlation between DON and NDVI values was measured 24 days after anthesis. The decreasing NDVI values at the end of the growth cycle were expected due to senescence and yellowing of the wheat spikes and leaves. Therefore, significant differences in the NDVI were observed between three measurement points on the 13th, 24th, and 45th day after anthesis. Additionally, the green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) and normalized difference red-edge index (NDRE) were in significant positive correlation with the NDVI at 24th day after anthesis. The use of appropriate measurement points for the vegetation indices can offer the decisive advantage of enabling the evaluation of very large breeding trials or farmers’ fields where the timing of fungicide application is particularly important.

Pharmacokinetics and Chicken Meat Residue of Tilmicosin after Administration Through Drinking Water in Broiler Chicken

Background: Tilmicosin is an antimycoplasmic drug of great utility in controlling mycoplasmosis in chicken. The drug despite its efficacy, has a high residue impact leading to a long withdrawal period. In this study, an attempt has been made to rationalize the dosage to reduce the residue burden by adopting a lower dose. Methods: The dose of tilmicosin was arrived at based on a pilot study wherein different doses were administered, and the levels were checked in plasma and meat. In the main study, tilmicosin was administered to broiler chicken as a bolus oral dose or “in drinking water” at the dose rate of 25 mg. kg-1 body weight. Blood was collected at different time points for the study. A trial to assay drug residues in tissues was also carried out. The assay of tilmicosin in chicken plasma/tissues was done using a sensitive HPLC assay. Result: In both pharmacokinetics study groups, tilmicosin concentrations could be reasonably detected only in 4 of the eight birds tested. In the birds that responded, the mean plasma concentrations remained above the MIC values of 0.05 µg.ml-1. The residue level in the lung and muscle could be detected up to day 14, and no residue from 18th day, after administration of tilmicosin through drinking water. The lung, the organ of mycoplasma infection revealed high concentrations of tilmicosin up to 14 days after the last dose. The results show that the Tilmicosin administered at a reduced rate of 25 mg.Kg-1 can be useful therapeutically, with a reduced residue burden in broiler chicken.

Effects of entinostat, quisinostat, and tubastatin-A on alcohol consumption in male high ethanol consuming rats

BackgroundThe interaction between genetics, epigenetics, and the environment plays a key role in the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Pharmacological treatments targeting histone deacetylases (HDACs) suggest that HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) may be potential pharmacotherapeutic treatments for AUD. The objective of the current study was to test the effects of different HDACi on ethanol intake in two rat lines selectively bred for high ethanol-consumption.MethodAdult naïve male high alcohol drinking line 1 (HAD1) or alcohol-preferring (P) rats were given continuous 24-h, 3-bottle, free-choice access to 15%, 30% ethanol concurrently with water for 8 weeks prior to testing entinostat (selective HDAC1i and HADC3i, 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 mg/kg, i. p.), quisinostat (pan HADCi, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg, i. p.), or tubastatin-A (selective HDAC6i, 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 mg/kg, i. p.) over 4-5 consecutive days.ResultsIn HAD1 rats, entinostat reduced 2-, 4-, and 24-h ethanol intake across the 2nd – 5th test days; while, in P rats, entinostat’s effect was primarily seen at the 24-h time-point, at the highest dose and only across three test days. The high dose of quisinostat effectively reduced 24-h ethanol intake across the 1st—4th test days in HAD1 rats but was ineffective in P rats. Tubastatin-A did not alter ethanol intake in either rat line.ConclusionOverall, the results confirmed that a pan and a more selective (HDAC1 and HDAC3) HDACi effectively reduced ethanol intake in HAD1, while only the more selective HDACi reduced ethanol intake in P rats. Inhibition of HDAC6 does not appear to regulate ethanol intake in HAD1 or P rats.

Fabrication, characterization, and application of gelatin/alginate-based hydrogels incorporating selenium-doped deferoxamine-derived carbon quantum dots: In vitro and in vivo studies.

This study developed a gelatin/alginate-based nanocomposite hydrogel (NC gel), incorporating selenium-doped deferoxamine-derived carbon quantum dots (Se.DFO-CQDs). Initially, Se.DFO-CQDs were synthesized and characterized through several tests, and subsequently, NC gels were created using an ionic crosslinking method and analyzed through characterization tests such as SEM, EDX, FT-IR, XRD, tensile strength, water uptake, water vapor transmission rate, weight loss, porosity, blood compatibility, microbial penetration, and DPPH. In vivo studies revealed that NC gels containing Se.DFO-CQDs at 50 % and 0 % exhibited higher wound closure percentages than the control group. The highest wound closure percentage was observed in NC gels with Se.DFO-CQDs at 50 %, reaching 85.7 ± 3.98 % on the 7th day and 98.1 ± 3.95 % on the 14th day. Histological examinations demonstrated that NC gels with Se.DFO-CQDs at 50 % promoted more significant neovascularization, re-epithelialization, and collagen synthesis. Additionally, RT-qPCR results indicated that NC gels with Se.DFO-CQDs at 50 % significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of VEGF-A, bFGF, PDGF-b, and lncRNA GAS5 on the 7th day and COL1A1 on the 14th day. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the NC gels with Se.DFO-CQDs at 50 % show promise for enhancing wound healing and skin regeneration, potentially offering clinical applications.

Wetlands as a solution to water browning: A 3-year efficiency assessment of outdoor mesocosms.

Water browning is the phenomenon of increasing discoloration in lakes and water courses due to the leaching of organic matter from soils. This process has ecological, economic, and social implications, such as affecting light penetration, oxygen levels, nutrient cycling, drinking water quality, and recreational use. This study investigated the potential of wetlands as a natural solution to mitigate water browning by reducing organic matter and iron. Six mesocosms in pilot scale were set up and studied for 3years for their efficiency to reduce water color, with sampling every 14th day. Parameters measured were the changes in water color, dissolved organic carbon, iron, pH, and conductivity over 3years, under different hydrological and climatic conditions. The results showed that wetlands can decrease water browning by retaining organic matter and iron, especially in vegetated systems. This study showed that long retention times with vegetated shallow systems were needed to reduce the water color by 47%. The decrease of color was primarily due to reduction of iron that decreased by 66%, while the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration decreased by only 6%. These findings highlight the potential of constructed wetlands as a valuable tool for improving water quality and mitigating the impacts of water browning, though further optimization of wetland design and integration with broader land-use strategies is needed to address this complex issue effectively. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Constructed wetlands can mitigate brownification, especially with long retention times and shallow vegetated wetlands. Iron reduction is more strongly correlated with colour reduction than with DOC reduction. Vegetated constructed wetlands reduced the colour concentration of inflow water by 47% after a 14-day retention time. Wetlands need a long retention time to reduce colour, and should be placed far upstream in the watershed. Vegetated systems may use alternative pathways, like biofilm formation, to reduce humic substances, independent of UV exposure.

Preventive vs. therapeutic effects of Shoutai Wan: Maintaining an acidic microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface to promote angiogenesis and minimize pregnancy loss in RSA mice.

The classic TCM prescription, Shoutai Wan (STW), is extensively used in clinical settings to manage threatened miscarriage and Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). The complexity of pregnancy physiology, coupled with diverse etiologies, and the specificity of energy metabolism for normal embryo attachment and development, pose challenges to clinical diagnosis and treatment. The specific molecular mechanisms of how STW regulates these biological processes and contributes to the treatment of RSA remain to be elucidated. This study aims to investigate the causes of early pregnancy loss in RSA mice and explore how STW mitigates this loss. An RSA mouse model will be established and treated with STW and Dydrogesterone (DYD). Embryo loss will be quantified on the 14th day of pregnancy, and embryos will be collected on the 6th and 10th days to observe the embryonic condition and assess pathological changes. The study will analyze aerobic glycolysis and angiogenesis at the maternal-fetal interface (MFI). Additionally, STW on a knockdown LDHA mouse model and Human Endometrial Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HEMECs) in vitro will also be examined to verify the mechanism. Compared with the control group, the RSA group exhibited significant embryo loss, and reduced levels of aerobic glycolysis at the MFI, the precarious acidic microenvironment (AME), and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis downregulated, leading to impaired angiogenesis, which ameliorated following STW treatment. STW treatment enhanced key aerobic glycolysis enzymes-HK2, PKM2, LDHA-and lactate levels, thereby maintaining the AME and upregulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis. This, in turn, promoted the expression of angiogenesis-related factors (VEGFA and VEGFR2) at the MFI, thereby improving angiogenesis, and the same was seen in sh-LDHA mice. In vitro studies confirmed that STW could counteract the glycolysis decline caused by increased oxygen levels, a recovery that was impaired after LDHA knockdown or PI3K inhibition. In RSA mice, disturbances in aerobic glycolysis at the MFI prevent the maintenance of a stable AME, thus impairing angiogenesis and leading to embryo loss, and STW effectively improve early pregnancy outcomes, and laying the foundation for uterine spiral artery remodeling.