Weeks Of Resistance Training Research Articles

Similar muscle hypertrophy following eight weeks of resistance training to momentary muscular failure or with repetitions-in-reserve in resistance-trained individuals

ABSTRACT This study examined the influence of resistance training (RT) proximity-to-failure, determined by repetitions-in-reserve (RIR), on quadriceps hypertrophy and neuromuscular fatigue. Resistance-trained males (n = 12) and females (n = 6) completed an 8-week intervention involving two RT sessions per week. Lower limbs were randomised to perform the leg press and leg extension exercises either to i) momentary muscular failure (FAIL), or ii) a perceived 2-RIR and 1-RIR, respectively (RIR). Muscle thickness of the quadriceps [rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL)] and acute neuromuscular fatigue (i.e., repetition and lifting velocity loss) were assessed. Data was analysed with Bayesian linear mixed-effect models. Increases in quadriceps thickness (average of RF and VL) from pre- to post-intervention were similar for FAIL [0.181 cm (HDI: 0.119 to 0.243)] and RIR [0.182 cm (HDI: 0.115 to 0.247)]. Between-protocol differences in RF thickness slightly favoured RIR [−0.036 cm (HDI: −0.113 to 0.047)], but VL thickness slightly favoured FAIL [0.033 cm (HDI: −0.046 to 0.116)]. Mean volume was similar across the RT intervention between FAIL and RIR. Lifting velocity and repetition loss were consistently greater for FAIL versus RIR, with the magnitude of difference influenced by the exercise and the stage of the RT intervention.

Effects of short and long inter-set rest on maximal isokinetic strength at slow and fast angular velocities in trained young males after eight weeks of resistance training

Resistance training is a widely used method to enhance muscle strength, with acute program variables influencing muscle adaptations. This study focused on the often-neglected variable of inter-set rest interval duration and its impact on muscle strength gains. Existing literature presents conflicting findings, with some studies advocating for longer rest intervals, while the others show comparable strength increases with shorter rests. Methodological differences in prescription and sample groups contributed to these inconsistencies. This study investigated the effect of short and long inter-set rests on maximal isokinetic strength gains of the upper and lower extremities during slow and fast angular velocities after eight weeks of resistance training. The research involved 26 healthy strength-trained males (age=20±1 year, body mass=81.5±8.8 kg, body height=184.4±6.1 cm) randomly assigned to G1m (1-minute rest) or G3m (3-minute rest). The resistance training programs were matched for all acute program variables, emphasizing the rest interval as the primary difference. Isokinetic dynamometry pre- and post-training assessed knee and elbow extensor and flexor maximal strength at 60º/s and 120º/s. The training program consisted of seven exercises performed at 70% 1RM until muscle failure three times per week over eight weeks. The most important result was that G3m, in contrast to G1m, led to a higher increase in peak torque of the knee (p=.037) and elbow extensors (p=.007) as well as the elbow flexors (p=.045) at 60º/s. Furthermore, G3m and G1m similarly increased the peak torque of the knee and elbow extensors and flexors at 120º/s and of the knee flexors at 60º/s (p>.138). In conclusion, the study suggests that strength training with longer inter-set rest intervals may lead to similar strength gains as strength training with shorter inter-set rest intervals. Nonetheless, individuals who prioritize maximizing their strength gains are advised to utilize longer rest intervals. However, shorter rest intervals may still yield significant strength enhancements, particularly for those who are limited by time.

Changes in muscle quality and biomarkers of neuromuscular junctions and muscle protein turnover following 12 weeks of resistance training in older men.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) on body composition [fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM)], muscle quality upper and lower (MQU, MQL), muscle size [cross sectional area (CSA), quadriceps cross-sectional area (QCSA)], biomarkers of neuromuscular junctions [C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF)], and muscle protein turnover [N-terminal peptide (P3NP), 3-methylhistidine (3MH), skeletal muscle-specific isoform of troponin T (sTnT)] in older men. Thirty elderly men (age 66.23 ± 0.57 years) were randomly divided into two groups: resistance training group (RT, n=15) and control group (CON, n=15). Participants in RT performed resistance training protocols with the intensity of 60% one-repetition maximum (3 × /week, 4 sets of the six exercise circuits). Blood samples were assessed before (pre-test) and after (post-test) a 12-week intervention. The ANCOVA (2 × 2; group × time; with the baseline variable as the covariate) revealed significant interaction effects; the greater increases for LBM (P < 0.001), CSA (P < 0.001), QCSA (P < 0.001), MQU (P < 0.05), MQL (P < 0.01), 3MH (P < 0.05) were noted in RT than CON, and greater decreases for FM (P < 0.001) and CAF (P < 0.001) in RT than CON. No interaction effect was found for P3NP and sTnT. The time effect was found for all variables besides P3NP in RT, but no time effect was revealed in CON. The 12-week RT was an effective strategy for improving the concentrations of neuromuscular junction biomarkers such as 3-MH and CAF in older adults, and may lead to favourable changes in body composition, muscle quality, and muscle size.

The Relationship between Muscle Aging, Bone Tissue and Sports Activities

Aim: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between muscle aging, bone tissue and sports activities in 2024. Methodology: Based on the nature of the data, this research is qualitative research, in terms of the purpose of applied research, and in terms of data collection tools, it is descriptive research. Due to the fact that the current research was conducted using the descriptive method of analysis and is based on library and documentary studies, therefore, the authentic document scanning tool was used to collect the information required for the literature section of the research. To answer the research question, the phenomenological method has been used. The phenomenological method can be used for research on any aspect of natural or social reality about which people have gained an understanding. The statistical population of the current research also includes men and women 50 years and older in Mashhad. The participants of this research are 30 people, 15 men and 15 women who were selected. In this research, the researcher has used purposeful sampling. Results: The findings of this research show that the effects of heavy sports training on aging of muscle and bone tissue are combined. 8 weeks of resistance training in middle-aged women with metabolic syndrome, which is associated with low-level chronic inflammation, increases the systematic baseline amount of bone loss compared to the control group, and this indicates that heavy resistance training reduces the amount of bone loss. which has a positive effect on bone tissue. Aerobic resistance exercises for 8 months in a group of middle-aged women 30 to 68 years old had no effect on the amount of systematic rest bone loss. There are also other cytokines that affect bone tissue in different models of bone tissue. Alendronate-calcitriol has a negative relationship with the base bone of the back and a positive relationship with the concentration of parathyroid hormone. Conclusion: Myostatin, which is considered a myokine and prevents muscle weakening, has a direct effect on bone resorption in a muscle model of rheumatoid arthritis, and inhibition of myostatin leads to preservation of bone tissue.

Resistance training modalities: comparative analysis of effects on physical fitness, isokinetic muscle functions, and core muscle biomechanics.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of varied resistance training modalities on physical fitness components, body composition, maximal strength assessed by one-repetition maximum (1RM), isokinetic muscle functions of the shoulder and knee joints, and biomechanical properties of core muscles. Forty participants were randomly assigned to four groups: control group (CG, n = 10), compound set training group (CSG, n = 10), pyramid set training group (PSG, n = 10), and superset training group (SSG, n = 10). Excluding the CG, the other three groups underwent an 8-week resistance training program, three sessions per week, at 60%-80% of 1RM intensity for 60-90min per session. Assessments included body composition, physical fitness components, 1RM, isokinetic muscle functions, and biomechanical properties (muscle frequency, stiffness, etc.) of the rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles. The PSG demonstrated the most significant improvement in relative peak torque during isokinetic testing of the shoulder and knee joints. Compared to the CG, all exercise groups exhibited positive effects on back strength, sprint performance, 1RM, and core muscle biomechanics. Notably, the PSG showed superior enhancement in external oblique stiffness. However, no significant differences were observed among the exercise groups for rectus abdominis biomechanical properties. Structured resistance training effectively improved maximal strength, functional performance, and core muscle biomechanics. The pyramidal training modality conferred specific benefits for isokinetic muscle functions and external oblique stiffness, suggesting its efficacy in enhancing force production capabilities and core stability.

Artificial intelligence in sport: Exploring the potential of using ChatGPT in resistance training prescription.

OpenAI's Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) technology enables conversational interactions with applications across various fields, including sport. Here, ChatGPT's proficiency in designing a 12-week resistance training programme, following specific prompts, was investigated. GPT3.5 and GPT4.0 versions were requested to design 12-week resistance training programmes for male and female hypothetical subjects (20-years-old, no injury, and 'intermediate' resistance training experience). Subsequently, GPT4.0 was requested to design an 'advanced' training programme for the same profiles. The proposed training programmes were compared with established guidelines and literature (e.g., National Strength and Conditioning Association textbook), and discussed. ChatGPT suggested 12-week training programmes comprising three, 4-week phases, each with different objectives (e.g., hypertrophy/strength). GPT3.5 proposed a weekly frequency of ~3 sessions, load intensity of 70-85% of one repetition-maximum, repetition range of 4-8 (2-4 sets), and tempo of 2/0/2 (eccentric/pause/concentric/'pause'). GPT4.0 proposed intermediate- and advanced programme, with a frequency of 5 or 4 sessions, 60-90% or 70-95% intensity, 3-5 sets or 3-6 sets, 5-12 or 3-12 repetitions, respectively. GPT3.5 proposed rest intervals of 90-120 s, and exercise tempo of 2/0/2. GPT4.0 proposed 60-180 (intermediate) or 60-300 s (advanced), with exercise tempo of 2/1/2 for intermediates, and 3/0/1/0, 2/0/1/0, and 1/0/1/0 for advanced programmes. All derived programmes were objectively similar regardless of sex. ChatGPT generated training programmes which likely require additional fine-tuning before application. GPT4.0 synthesised more information than GPT3.5 in response to the prompt, and demonstrated recognition awareness of training experience (intermediate vs advanced). ChatGPT may serve as a complementary tool for writing 'draft' programme, but likely requires human expertise to maximise training programme effectiveness.

Resistance Training on an Outdoor Exercise Structure Improves Lower-Body Relative Strength in Older Adults.

Improving relative strength is important for maintaining functionality with age, and outdoor exercise structures could be useful to facilitate this. A total of 29 adults aged 65+ participated in a non-randomized crossover study with a 6-week control followed by a 6-week resistance training intervention on an outdoor exercise structure (3x/week). Relative strength (predicted maximal leg press/lower body lean mass [Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry]) and physical function variables were measured at baseline, post-control, and post-intervention. Represented as median (25th-75th), lower body relative strength improved from 7.91 (7.01-9.35) post-control to 8.50 (7.99-9.72) post-intervention (p = .002) in study completers (n = 17). Maximum leg press (p = .002), 30-second chair stand (p < .001), one-leg stance (p = .011), and maximum chest press (p = .009) also improved significantly during the intervention. There were no significant changes in aerobic activity, grip strength, lean mass, or muscle power. This study demonstrates that there could be potential relative strength benefits associated with the use of outdoor exercise structures in older adults.

Investigating the Effects of 8 Weeks of Resistance Training on the Levels of P53 and Nrf2 Proteins in Kidney Tissue in Diabetic Rats with Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome

Introduction: The effect of exercise training on kidney tissue in the condition of diabetes with morphine withdrawal syndrome is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training on the levels of P53 and Nrf2 proteins in kidney tissue in diabetic male rats with morphine withdrawal syndrome.&#x0D; Methods: This experimental study utilized a sample of 32 Wistar rats. Following the induction of diabetes, the Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of eight based on their weight: diabetes, morphine diabetes, diabetes with resistance training, and morphine diabetes with resistance training. The oral technique was employed for a duration of 21 days to establish a reliance on morphine.. The resistance training protocol was implemented for 8 weeks. At the end, all mice were anesthetized, killed and their tissue was extracted. The variable protein levels of this study were measured by ELISA kits. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test with the help of SPSS version 16 software at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05.&#x0D; Results: Resistance training caused a significant decrease in P53 in the groups of diabetes + resistance training (P=0.006) compared to diabetes and morphine diabetes + resistance training (P=0.012) compared to morphine diabetes group. Similarly, a significant decrease in Nrf2 was observed in the morphine diabetes + resistance training group (P=0.013) compared to the morphine diabetes group.&#x0D; Conclusion: Resistance training probably reduced kidney tissue damage in diabetic and diabetic rats with withdrawal syndrome by reducing P53 protein, which indicates the protective effect of resistance training on kidney tissue in pathological conditions.

The effect of eight weeks of resistance training with tribulus terrestris on the apoptosis mechanism in the heart tissue of rats exposed to stanozolol

Introduction: Abuse of androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) has irreversible effects on the heart in athletes. On the other hand, the beneficial effects of tribulus terrestris (T) have been shown to reduce cardiovascular risks. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training (RT) with T on the apoptosis mechanism in the heart tissue of rats exposed to stanozolol (S). Methods: in this experimental study 35 male rats were divided into 7 groups of 5 rats including: 1) sham (normal saline) (Sh), 2) S, 3) S+100 mg/kg T (ST100), 4) S+50 mg/kg T (ST50), 5) S+RT (SRT), 6) S+RT+100 mg/kg T (SRTT100), and 7) S+RT+50 mg/kg T (SRTT50). During eight weeks, groups 5-7 performed three sessions of RT pre week, and groups 3, 4, 6, and 7 received specific doses of T daily. In order to analyze the research findings, the Shapiro-Wilk, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post- hoc tests were used in SPSS21 software (P≤0.05). Results: RT reduced gene expression of CRP, cytochrome-c, AIF-1 and caspase-9 in the heart tissue (P=0.001); 50 and 100 mg/kg T reduced gene expression of CRP, cytochrome-c, AIF-1 (P=0.001) so that 100 mg/kg T has more favorable effect than 50 mg/kg T (P=0.001). Also, RT with T had interactive effects on reducing the genetic expression of CRP, cytochrome-c, AIF-1 and caspase-9 (P=0.001). Conclusion: RT and T consumption seem to have synergistic effects in reducing the apoptotic pathway markers in the heart tissue of rats exposed to the supra-physiologic dose of S.

IMPACT OF A 4-MINUTE STRENGTH TRAINING PROGRAM ON LOWER BODY FUNCTION IN OLDER ADULTS WITH MOBILITY DISABILITY

Abstract One in four older adults experience mobility disability, often resulting in financial strain and declines in quality of life. Though resistance training (RT) can improve physical function, too few older adults do RT. This study specifically reports on the impact of a short, daily RT program called Functional Activity Strength Training (FAST) on lower extremity function. FAST entailed one 30-second bout each of four exercises (push-ups, chair stands, two-arm resistance band rows, stair-stepping) followed by 30 seconds of rest daily for 12 weeks. Ninety-seven participants were randomly assigned to either intervention (n = 44) or delayed treatment control (n = 53) group. Research staff remotely provided one-on-one coaching relating to modifications and progress every 2 weeks until week 8. Participants received a daily email reminder to complete the exercises and report repetitions completed for each exercise. Outcome measures (5-time sit-to-stand, maximum 30 second chair stand performance, and single-leg stance duration) were evaluated at baseline and week 12. Participants completed exercises on 80% of possible days. Over the 12 weeks, the intervention group improved over and above the control group by +4.2 chair stands (d = 1.21), -2.3 seconds (d = -0.43) on the 5-times sit-to-stand, and +3.58 seconds (d = 0.46) on the single-leg stance. In sum, a four-minute daily, 12-week functional RT program led to improvements in chair stand, 5-times sit-to-stand, and single-leg stance performance. Efficacy trials, using gold-standard assessments should examine whether similar improvements are observed and adherence is maintained over a longer period of time.

Highlighting the effect of reduced training volume on maintaining hormonal adaptations obtained from periodized resistance training in sarcopenic older women

ABSTRACT Background This study investigated the impact of the High Intensity Interval Resistance Training (HIIRT) protocol on hormonal changes in older women. Research design and methods Forty sarcopenic women were divided into an experimental group (EX = 30) and a control group (C = 10). The EX-group was further divided into Maintenance Training 1 (MT1 = 10), Maintenance Training 2 (MT2 = 10), and Detraining (DT = 10). The participants underwent 8 weeks of resistance training, consisting of hypertrophy and strength cycles. Following this, the EX-group had a 4-week period with no exercise or a reduced training volume. Measurements were taken at three time points. Results After 8 weeks, the EX-group showed significant improvements in Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), Myostatin (MSTN), Follistatin (Fstn), Growth Hormone (GH) and Cortisol (Cort) compared to the control group. During the volume reduction period, there were no significant differences between MT1 and MT2 groups, but both groups saw increases in IGF-1, Fstn, GH, and decreases in MSTN and Cort compared to the DT group. Conclusions These findings suggest that performing at least one training session per week with the HIIRT protocol is crucial for maintaining hormonal adaptations in sarcopenic older women.

Resistance Training Using Flywheel Device Improves the Shot Precision in Senior Elite Tennis Players: A Randomized Controlled Study

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of 8 weeks of resistance training using a flywheel device applied to upper limbs, compared to traditional isotonic training, on strength and shot precision in tennis. Twenty-seven elite senior tennis players (age: 55.78 ± 2.69) were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG) using flywheel devices (n = 13) and a control group (CG) performing isotonic training (n = 14). The EG program included forehand, backhand, and one-handed shoulder press movements, while the CG performed seven resistance exercises on isotonic machines. A similar workout intensity was ensured using the Borg’s CR-10 scale. The assessment included a 30s arm curl test, a medicine ball throw test, and forehand/backhand/overhead shot precision tests. A significant time effect was found in the 30s arm curl test for the EG (F(1,25) = 13.09; p = 0.001), along with a time * group interaction (F(1,25) = 5.21; p = 0.031). A significant group difference was observed in the forehand shot precision test, where the EG achieved better scores than the CG and significant interaction time * group (F(1,25) = 8.35; p = 0.008). In the shot backhand precision test, a significant effect of time (F(1,25) = 5.01; p = 0.034) and significant time * group interaction were found (F(1,25) = 4.50; p = 0.044), but there was no significant difference between groups. Resistance training with flywheel devices has shown potential in improving tennis performance. Applying overload to specific athletic movements during both concentric and eccentric phases in the EG has shown enhanced strength and neuromuscular coordination in relation to shot precision, thereby enabling simultaneous improvements in both conditioning and the technical aspects of fundamental tennis shots.

Ten weeks of Capsicum annuum L. extract supplementation did not change adipose tissue-derived hormones, appetite, body composition, and muscle strength when combined with resistance training in healthy untrained men: A clinical trial study

Capsiate (CAP) is a nonpungent capsaicin analog (Capsicum annuum L. extract) that has been studied as a potential antiobesity agent. However, the interaction between chronic CAP supplementation and resistance training is not clear. The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in adipose tissue–derived hormones, body composition, appetite, and muscle strength after 10 weeks of resistance training, combined with chronic CAP supplementation in healthy untrained men. We hypothesized that CAP could induce higher benefits when combined with resistance training after 10 weeks of intervention compared to resistance training alone. Twenty-four young men (age, 22.0 ± 2.9) were randomized to either capsiate supplementation (CAP = 12 mg/day) or placebo (PL), and both groups were assigned to resistance training. Body composition, leptin and adiponectin concentrations, subjective ratings of appetite, energy intake, and exercise performance were assessed at before and after 10 weeks of progressive resistance training. There was a significant increase in body mass (P < .001), fat-free mass (CAP: 58.0 ± 7.1 vs. post, 59.7 ± 7.1 kg; PL: pre, 58.4 ± 7.3 vs. post, 59.8 ± 7.1 kg; P < .001), resting metabolic rate (CAP: pre, 1782.9 ± 160.6 vs. post, 1796.3 ± 162.0 kcal; PL: pre, 1733.0 ± 148.9 vs. post, 1750.5 ± 149.8 kcal; P < .001), maximal strength at 45 leg press (P < .001) and bench press (P < .001) in both groups, but no significant (P > .05) supplementation by training period interaction nor fat mass was observed. For subjective ratings of appetite, energy intake, leptin, and adiponectin, no significant effect of supplementation by training period interaction was observed (P > .05). In conclusion, 10 weeks of resistance training increased total body weight, muscle mass, and maximum strength in healthy untrained men; however, CAP supplementation (12 mg, 7 days per week) failed to change adipose tissue–derived hormones, appetite, body composition and muscle strength in this population.Registered under Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (RBR-8cz9kfq).

Does a Resistance Training Program Affect Between-arms Volume Difference and Shoulder-arm Disabilities in Female Breast Cancer Survivors? The Role of Surgery Type and Treatments. Secondary Outcomes of the EFICAN Trial

ObjectiveThe aims were (i) to assess the effects of a 12-week resistance training program on between-arms volume difference and shoulder-arm disabilities in breast cancer survivors and (ii) to evaluate whether the main risk factors for developing cancer-related lymphedema and shoulder-arm disabilities were associated with the effects of the training program. DesignRandomized controlled trial. SettingUniversity facilities. Participants60 female breast cancer survivors participated. Eligibility criteria: to be a breast cancer survivor, and to have completed surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy up to 10 years before recruitment. Exclusion criteria: metastatic breast cancer, a breast reconstruction intervention planned within 6 months, any absolute contraindication for exercise, to perform more than 300 minutes/week of structured exercise. InterventionsParticipants were randomized to an exercise group (12-week resistance training program) or a control group. Main Outcome MeasuresBetween-arms volume difference, shoulder-arm disabilities, and upper-limb muscular strength were evaluated at baseline and at week 12. Treatment-related information was registered from medical history. ResultsNo between-group differences were observed on between-arms volume difference (1.207; 95% CI -0.964, 3.377; P=.270) or shoulder-arm disabilities (2.070; 95% CI -4.362, 8.501; P=.521) after the training program. Likewise, there was no association of surgery type, presence of lymph node resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormone therapy with the changes in between-arms volume and perceived shoulder-arm disabilities after the intervention. However, a higher increase in upper limb muscular strength was associated with a reduced shoulder-arm disabilities (-0.429; P=.020) in the exercise group. ConclusionsThe findings suggest that resistance training does not affect between-arms volume difference and shoulder-arm disabilities in female breast cancer survivors. The main risk factors for developing lymphedema were not associated with the effects of the intervention, although a higher increase in upper-limb muscular strength was associated with reduced shoulder-arm disabilities.

The Effect of Eight Weeks of Resistance Training on the Record of Young Sprint Runners

The Effect of Eight Weeks of Resistance Training on the Record of Young Sprint Runners

The effects of 12 weeks resistance training and vitamin D administration on neuromuscular joint, muscle strength and power in postmenopausal women

BackgroundThis study aimed to examine the effects of 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) and vitamin D (VitD) supplementation on muscle strength and C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF) and Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) concentrations as potential biomarkers in postmenopausal women. MethodsThis was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Forty-four healthy postmenopausal women (55.84 ± 4.70 years and 29.61 ± 4.26 kg/m2) were randomly assigned into four groups: (1) Resistance training + placebo (RT + PLA), (2) Vitamin D supplementation (VitD), (3) Resistance training + vitamin D (RT + VitD), and (4) Placebo (PLA). VitD was supplemented as an oral capsule containing 50000 IU of cholecalciferol every two weeks. RT involved leg press, chest press, leg extension, leg curl, and shoulder press exercises, performed with 3–4 sets at 70–85 % of 1RM, three times a week. ResultsCirculating levels of CAF and NT-3 did not significantly change following the intervention period in the study groups (p > 0.05). There were significant increases in upper and lower body muscle strength and power for RT + VitD and RT + PLA ( < 0.05), but not for VitD or PLA (p > 0.05). The muscle function gains for RT + VitD and RT + PLA were higher than those for VitD and PLA but did not differ between them. Conclusion12-week of RT interventions resulted in significant increases in muscle strength and power in postmenopausal women. However, VitD supplementation did not result in any additional benefits. The positive changes in muscle function promoted by RT do not seem to be associated with changes in the neuromuscular joint via the CAF or NT-3 as potential biomarkers.

Resistance training maintains physical function but does not prevent changes in body composition and biochemical markers after detraining in aging adults

ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of 10 weeks of resistance training (RT) and subsequent 4 weeks of detraining on physical function, body composition, and biochemical markers in aging adults. MethodsThe study sample was selected by convenience and consisted of 12 women with a mean age of 58 ± 7 years. Physical function [Latin-American Group of Development for Maturity (GDLAM) general index], body composition, total and fractional cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycemia were assessed before and after RT (10 weeks) and detraining (4 weeks). ResultsAfter 10 weeks of RT, there were improvements in fat-free mass (39.1 ± 4.2 vs. 39.9 ± 4.4 kg; p < 0.05 and d = 0.2), fat mass (39.9 ± 6.3% vs. 38.7 ± 6.4%; p < 0.05 and d = −0.2), conicity index (1.47 ± 0.07 vs. 1.43 ± 0.06; p = 0.001 and d = −0.6), and physical function (GDLAM index [27.2 ± 5.5 vs. 25.0 ± 4.7; p = 0.001 and d = −0.4]). Significant improvements were also found in total cholesterol (271.8 ± 75.7 vs. 217.2 ± 52.2 mg/dL; p < 0.01 and d = −0.8), LDL-cholesterol (196.5 ± 61.6 vs. 159.3 ± 38.5 mg/dL; p < 0.01 and d = −0.7), HDL-cholesterol (53.1 ± 7.3 vs. 64.3 ± 23.7 mg/dL; p < 0.05 and d = 0.7), and triglycerides (165.8 ± 32.6 vs. 139.9 ± 46.6 mg/dL; p = 0.001 and d = −0.6). After the detraining period, all benefits in physical function were successfully maintained. ConclusionRT provided benefits in physical function, body composition, and biochemical markers in aging adults. However, 4-week detraining impaired body composition and biochemical markers in the investigated sample.

QOL-07. RESISTING DECLINES IN FUNCTIONAL FITNESS: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS FROM THE RESIST TRIAL

Abstract Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of exercise (EX) in mitigating the functional decline experienced by glioblastoma patients receiving steroids. Here we report preliminary findings on the impact of a tailored ~12-week circuit-based resistance training (CRT) program on functional fitness in glioblastoma patients on treatment. Patient accrual, adherence, and safety was evaluated throughout. Functional status (Short Physical Performance Battery) and grip strength were assessed at baseline and post-study. Depending on the treatment protocol, EX participants completed 3-6 weeks of in-person training followed by 6-9 weeks of home-based, Zoom facilitated training (3-4, 25–30-minute sessions/week). From March 2022 to May 2023, 33 glioblastoma patients were screened and met eligibility criteria, 24 expressed interest, and 15 subsequently agreed to participate (45% accrual). Participants were randomly allocated to either the EX (n = 7) or wait-list control (CON = 8) group. Ten participants (EX = 5; CON = 5) have completed the study with 1 CON ongoing (27% attrition; 2 withdrawn; 2 died) and incomplete fitness data for 1 EX participant. Three serious, unrelated adverse events were recorded, including 2 disease related deaths and 1 hospitalization. Adherence to in-person EX sessions was 96%. While not significant, preliminary efficacy data suggests that EX participants were more likely to maintain or mitigate losses in lower body function (CON (Mchange=-1.0, SD = 2.6); EX (Mchange = 0; SD = 1.3), t(7)=0.943, p &amp;gt; 0.05, d = 0.49) and grip strength (CON (Mchange=-5.94kg, SD = 9.15; EX (Mchange = 0.4kg, SD = 5.75), t(7)=0.269, p &amp;gt; 0.05, d = 0.83). Findings show that glioblastoma patients on active treatment are willing and able to safely engage in CRT. Participants were adherent to in-person CRT sessions, however self-reported home-based CRT was low, with many participants disengaging from EX. While this may be attributed to declining health and worsening fatigue related to ongoing treatments, additional study is needed to explore strategies to improve adherence to home-based EX sessions as in-person sessions are not always feasible.

Effects of a 12-Week Low-Intensity Resistance Training Program on Force-Matching Task and Balance in Young Men

Background: The effects of low-intensity resistance training on health and muscular performance have been widely reported, but its effects on motor skills such as balance and force matching have been overlooked. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of low-intensity resistance training on a force-matching task and balance. Methods: The subjects from the intervention group (EXP; n = 20) participated in a 12-week low-intensity resistance training program. The measurements of balance and force-matching ability were conducted before and after the intervention. To determine the accuracy and steadiness (variability) in the force matching task, we calculated the values of three errors: (1) absolute error (AE), (2) constant error (CE), and (3) variable error (VE). Results: In the force-matching task performed after the training, the values of two errors decreased: (1) AE (right leg, p = 0.0008; left leg, p = 0.0008), and (2) CE (right leg, p = 0.0064; left leg, p = 0.0440). Resistance training did not significantly affect VE and the parameters characterizing COP sway in the balance test. Conclusions: The 12-week low-intensity resistance training improved the accuracy of the force-matching task but did not change postural stability or postural strategies.

A 12-week lifestyle intervention: effects on fatigue, fear, and nutritional status in children with a Fontan circulation.

Children and adolescents with a Fontan circulation are less physically active compared to healthy peers. In the current study, effects of a 12-week lifestyle intervention on fatigue, fears regarding exercise, caloric intake, rest energy expenditure (REE), and body composition were measured in children with a Fontan circulation. This study was a semi-cross-over randomized controlled trial. The lifestyle intervention consisted of a 12-week high-weight resistance training (three supervised training sessions a week) supported by high-protein diet (>2 g/kg) and tailored recommended caloric intake. Fatigue (measured by the validated PedsQol Multidimensional Fatigue Scale), fears regarding exercise (measured on a fear thermometer), REE (measured using indirect calorimetry), caloric intake and body composition using air displacement plethysmography, and four-skinfold method were measured before and after the intervention and control period. Twenty-seven pediatric Fontan patients, median age 12.9 years (IQR: 10.5-16.2), of the included 28 patients successfully completed the program. Before training, both child- and parent-reported levels of fatigue were significantly worse on all domains (general, sleep/rest, and cognitive fatigue) compared to healthy peers. After training, parent-reported fatigue significantly improved on the general and cognitive fatigue domains [effect size +16 points (7-25), p < 0.001, and +10 points (2-17), p = 0.015, compared to the control period]. Before training, fear regarding exercise scored on the fear thermometer was low for both children and parents (median score 1 and 2, respectively, on a scale of 0-8). After training, child-reported fear decreased further compared to the control period [effect size -1.4 points (-2.3 to -0.6), p = 0.001]. At baseline, children had increased REE +12% compared to reference values, which did not change after exercise. Children ate an average of 637 calories below recommended intake based on REE, caloric deficit became smaller after the intervention, and protein intake increased compared to the control period [-388 calories (-674 to -102), p = 0.008, and +15 g (0.4-30), p = 0.044]. Body fat percentage did not change significantly. A 12-week lifestyle intervention improved parent-reported fatigue symptoms in the children, further decreased child-reported fears, and increased caloric and protein intake.