10th Day Of Study Research Articles

Testicular Fibrosis, A Setback of Chemotherapy and Ameliorating Role of Ascorbic Acid

Statement of Problem: The struggle for surviving cancer individuals who have undergone chemotherapy is still a dilemma. Chemotherapeutic agent, Doxorubicin (DOX), causing testicular damage, has been a concern of oncologists for many years. As DOX causes oxidative damage on non-tumorous tissues by the foundation of free radicals, the challenges of protection with various antioxidant therapies have been attempted. The foremost objective was to reduce the cytotoxic properties of DOX to healthy cells. Vitamin C, a water-soluble vitamin, based on its antioxidant property, was applied to study its potential protection to the testicular tissues after oxidative damage by DOX. Objectives: To demonstrate fibrotic changes in the interstitium of testes generated by anthracycline DOX on the mice and designed to study the morphometric changes in DOX affected testes with co-administration of antioxidant Vitamin C. Methodolgy: An Experimental study using male mice were separated into 3 groups (A, B & C). A was treated with normal saline 1 ml intraperitoneal (IP), B was given DOX alone (0.003 mg in 0.03ml /gm body weight IP for 3 doses on 6th, 8th and 10th day of study) and DOX (0.003 mg in 0.03ml /gm body weight IP for 3 doses on 6th, 8th and 10th day of study) + Vitamin C (0.5 mg in 0.01ml/gm body weight per orum daily) was delivered to group C. Animals were sacrificed on completion and organs were kept in Bouin’s fluid and later processing and staining of the tissue was done. Result: Statistical analysis was performed, using ANOVA test to evaluate the significance of parameter among three groups. Widening of interstitium with significant interstitial fibrosis and intra tubular empty spaces were evident as compared to controls. However, co-administration of Vitamin C with DOX significantly reduced (P < 0.001) fibrosis indicating protective role of Vitamin C against DOX induced testicular damage. Conclusion: Experimental study suggested that the antioxidant Vitamin C has a potential role in improving the parameter damaged by DOX. Keywords: Doxorubicin, Vitamin C, Mice, Antioxidant, Oxidative damage, Interstitial, Fibrosis

Radioprotective effects of gliclazide against irradiation-induced cardiotoxicity and lung injury through inhibiting oxidative stress.

Radiotherapy is one of the main treatments for localized primary cancer in patients. Cardiotoxicity and lung injury are two of the main side effects of oxidative stress following radiotherapy in patients with thoracic region cancer. Gliclazide (GLZ) as an antihyperglycemic drug has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of GLZ in cardiotoxicity and lung injury induced by irradiation (IR). In this experimental study, 64 mice were divided into eight groups: control, GLZ (5, 10, and 25mg/kg), IR (6Gy), and IR + GLZ (in three doses). GLZ was administrated for 8 consecutive successive days and mice were exposed with IR on the 9th day of study. On the 10th day of study, tissue biochemical assay and at 14th day of study, histopathological assay were performed to evaluate for cardiotoxicity and lung injury. The findings revealed that IR induces atypical features in heart and lung histostructure, and oxidative stress (an increase of MDA, PC levels, and decrease of GSH content) in these tissues. GLZ administration preserved heart and lung damages and improves oxidative stress markers in mice. Data have authenticated that GLZ could protect heart and lung histostructure against oxidative stress-induced injury through inhibiting oxidative stress.

New Specialized Kombucha-Based Non-alcoholic Pasteurized Beverage Shows Favorable Profile of Short-Term Safety and Tolerability in Patients With Constipation.

ObjectivesKombucha is a globally known beverage, perceived as “healthy”. It may be a basis for the development of new specialized beverages to increase dietary fiber consumption. However, safety and tolerability of the kombucha-based beverages is poorly studied yet. Aim: to assess short-term safety and tolerability of new kombucha-based pasteurized specialized non-alcoholic beverage, enriched with inulin.MethodsThis study (NCT05164861) enrolled subjects with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (per ROME IV). The subjects were randomized to receive either 220 ml of the non-alcoholic kombucha-based pasteurized beverage (KG), enriched with inulin (1.15 g/100ml) or 220 ml water (control group, CG), for 10 days. Except study product, subjects were advised to follow their usual diet. Organoleptic evaluation of the beverage; assessment of symptoms (abdominal pain/discomfort, abdominal fullness, bloating, heartburn) with the use of 5-point Likert scale; blood chemistry and hematology were performed before (BL) and on the 10th day of study (EOT). Patients were asked to report any adverse events during the study period.ResultsThere were 20 subjects in KG and 20 in CG groups. New specialized food product was well-tolerated, no SAE occurred during the study. No exacerbation of the pre-existing symptoms was observed in KG, including abdominal pain/discomfort (1.28 ± 0.56 vs 1.25 ± 0.56; p > 0.05), abdominal fullness (1.53 ± 0.69 vs 1.22 ± 0.47; p > 0.05), bloating (1.60 ± 0.64 vs 1.37 ± 0.60; p > 0.05), and heartburn (1.28 ± 0.62 vs 1.25 ± 0.52; p > 0.05) during the study. The rate of AEs was low (5%) and did not differ compared to CG. Mean integrative score of organoleptic evaluation of the beverage was good (91.0 ± 13.7%) with non-significant increase at EOT (94.2 ± 6.5%). No laboratory AE were observed.ConclusionsThis study suggest that new specialized kombucha-based drink enriched with inulin is well-tolerated, and has favorable safety profile.Funding SourcesRussian Science Foundation (research grant # 19-76-30,014).

Topical Formulation of Noscapine, a Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid, Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Skin Lesions.

Psoriasis is considered an autoimmune inflammatory disease. The disease is spread and diagnosed by the infiltration of inflammatory mediators and cells into the epidermis. Recent theoretical developments have focused on the effectiveness of noscapine (NOS) as a potential alkaloid for being used as a valuable treatment for different diseases. In the present study, psoriasis-like dermatitis was induced on the right ear pinna surface of male Balb/c mice by topical application of imiquimod (IMQ) for ten consecutive days, which was treated with noscapine (0.3, 1, 3, and 10% w/v) or clobetasol (0.05% w/v) as a positive control. The levels of ear length, thickness, severity of skin inflammation, psoriatic itch, psoriasis area severity index (PASI) score, and body weight were measured daily. On the 10th day of study, each ear was investigated for inflammation, fibrosis, proliferation, and apoptosis using histopathological (H&E and Masson's trichrome staining) and immunohistochemistry (Ki67 and p53 staining) assays. Furthermore, the levels of inflammatory biomarkers were characterized by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results confirmed IMQ-induced psoriasis for five consecutive days. In contrast, noscapine significantly reduced the ear length, thickness, severity of skin inflammation, psoriatic itch and body weight, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-17, and IL-23p19 in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.001–0.05 for all cases). Overall, topical noscapine significantly ameliorated both the macroscopical and microscopical features of psoriasis. However, further clinical investigations are required to translate the effects to clinics.

Effect of acute heat stress on the physiological and reproductive parameters of broiler breeder hens – A study under controlled thermal stress

A study was conducted to find out the effect of thermal stress on the physiological as well as reproductive performances of broiler breeder hens. The birds were exposed to 37±1°C and RH 70% for 6 hours daily for a period of 10 days in the psychrometric chamber (THI &gt;90). In the heat exposed group, body weight gain and feed intake (P lee than 0.05) were negatively affected, whereas water consumption and water:feed intake ratio were much higher during the period of study. Even after 12hrs of heat exposure, surface temperature of feathered regions; neck and back were significantly high (P less than 0.05). The serum cholesterol level in heat treated birds was increasing (P less than 0.05), whereas calcium and phosphorus levelswere showing lower values (P less than 0.05) on the 3rd and 10th day of study. A significant change in serum protein or glucose could not be observed. The reduction in HDEP and internal egg quality parameters like albumen index, Haugh unit score, yolk index etc. were observed in heat exposed hens (P less than 0.01). Higher incidence of blood spots were also noted in eggs laid by heat treated birds. In the present study, it can be concluded that thermal stress at THI&gt;90 for at least 6hrs/day can impart serious damage to various physiological and reproductive performances in broiler breeder hens.

ASCORBIC ACID

Objectives: To demonstrate the volume changes that are produced byanthracycline Doxorubicin DOX on the testes of mice and designed to study volumetric changesin DOX affected testes with co-administration of antioxidant Vitamin C. Design: An experimentalstudy. Setting: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences. Dow University of Health Sciences. Period:September 2011 to May 2012. Methods: Experimental study using thirty male mice of fiveweeks old were separated into 3 groups (A, B &amp; C). Each group had ten mice and was treatedwith normal saline 1 ml intraperitoneal (IP) in group A, DOX alone (0.003 mg in 0.03ml /gmbody weight IP for 3 doses on 6th, 8th and 10th day of study) in group B and DOX (0.003 mgin 0.03ml /gm body weight IP for 3 doses on 6th, 8th and 10th day of study) + Vitamin C (0.5mg in 0.01ml/gm body weight per orumdaily) in group C. After completion of study, animalswere sacrificed and the testes were kept in Bouin’s fluid and volume was measured. Results:By using SPSSS version 16, statistical analysis was done, using ANOVA test to evaluate thesignificance of concerned parameter among different groups studied. The administration ofDOX induced significant reduction (P &lt;0.001) of volume of testes when compared to controls.However co-administration of Vitamin C with DOX significantly increase (P &lt;0.001) the volumeas compared to DOX group. Conclusion: This study suggested that the antioxidant VitaminC has a significant role in ameliorating the damage of testes induced by DOX, showingimprovement in the morphology and morphometry of testes.

An investigation of the cause of death in Wistar rats exposed to sunlight: focus on tissue histology

Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of ultraviolet rays of the sun on organs like the liver, brain, heart, kidney, lung and ileum. Methods: Fourteen female rats (235 g) were used for the study and equally distributed into 2 groups. While the rats in the test groups were left in an open place for a period of 7 hours daily for adequate exposure to sunlight, control rats were kept in cages at ambient temperature of 26°C in the animal house. When all the animals died on the 10th day of study, samples of different tissues were obtained, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E). Results: 100% mortality was recorded. Results showed no visible lesion for all the tissues of control rats whereas pathological features like severe congestion of the coronary vessel and mild pulmonary congestion as well as thickening of alveolar wall were reported for heart and lung respectively in sun-exposed rats. Moreover, in sun-exposed rats other tissues such as the brain, ileum, kidney and liver showed no visible lesion. Conclusion: From the outcome of this study, it may be inferred that excessive sun exposure can be a cause of mortality in a nocturnal animal species, with death resulting from multi-organ damage.

Acclimation to cold and activity of apoptosis in rat myocardium

“Price” of an organism acclimation to cold is reducing specific functions of organs and systems. We studied the hormonal and metabolic changes in blood and myocardium of male Wistar rats during adaptation to cold (+4C) within 35 days. It was established that the 10-th day of acclimation are critical, the body temperature drops to more than 1.5C, at this time there was a maximum lethality of animals. At the same time there was a significant reduction in peak systolic pressure. We revealed changes in the production of hormones with 2–3 fold increase in the blood content of corticosterone, adrenaline and thyroxine. We established significant decrease in transmembrane potential of leukocytes on the 10-th day of study with a gradual recovery by the end of the experiment. We showed an increase concentration of TNF, content of DNA fragments and caspase-3 and -8 activities on 35–50% in homogenates of heart on the 10-th day of the experiment. Decrease in body temperature correlated with the accumulation of DNA fragments and caspase-3 in the myocardium (p = 0.68 and 0.74, respectively). Thus, our results indicate that on the background of hormonal rearrangement in the dynamics of cold exposure there is activation of apoptosis in the myocardium, which may contribute to myocardial dysfunction and failure of the adaptation process.