50th Anniversary Research Articles

Scientific Reflection on the Logic of the Development of Russian Social Psychology (For the 100th Anniversary of G.M. Andreeva)

The author studies the life path and scientific and organizational activities of a prominent social scientist and humanitarian G.M. Andreeva against the background of an analysis of the ways of the post-war formation of Soviet social psychology. Its outstanding role in the creation of an interdisciplinary system of cognitive and communicative social psychology and in its design and pedagogical implementation through the organization of teaching at the Faculty of Psychology of Moscow State University with appropriate educational and methodological support for domestic higher education and the inclusion of its achievements in world science is shown. Generalization of her teaching experience in Russian and foreign universities and its theoretical and methodological foundations allowed G.M. Andreeva to develop a fundamental concept of cognitive psychology of social cognition, which is being developed in various directions by participants and followers of the scientific school she created, one of the largest in Russian socio-psychological science.

V.P. Astafiev National Centre

The article presents materials on creation of the historical and cultural centre of Victor Petrovich Astafiev within the framework of the concept of sustainable development of Ovsyanka village in the Krasnoyarsk region timed to the 100th anniversary of the great Siberian writer.

Formation of new health care practices: what sociology [does not] see

The article was prepared for the 50th anniversary of the journal “Sociological Studies”. An array of articles (N = 29) on the topic of health care norms and practices published in the journal from 2010 to 2023 was analyzed. To validate the research presented in the publication and the results of qualitative content analysis, data from eight public opinion surveys were analyzed by the ZIRCON research group and the Higher School of Economics, conducted as part of various projects in 2010– 2023, including those with authors participation (five of them represent the population of the Russian Federation, three relate to individual regions and cities of Russia). Along with the identified thematic gaps in the field of modern sociology of health, it has been ascertained that the studies complement each other and make it possible to build a logic for the presentation of the health care topics covering all its main links.

The task of sociologists is to bring order into chaos (interview with RAS corresponding member M. F. Chernysh)

On the eve of the 50th anniversary of the journal Sociological Studies, we turned to Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Sociological Sciences Mikhail F. Chernysh – our long-time author and expert, member of the editorial board – with a request to answer our questions. I wanted to discuss not only the activities of our journal, but also the problems of sociology in general. In recent years, situation in sociology has been changing: alarming trends in sociological education in higher education are intensifying, decisions are being made to reduce the subject of social studies in school, the problem of reproduction of scientific personnel is becoming acute, and discussions about the subject of sociology are becoming more urgent. The interview raises such important issues as the essence of sociology as a science, provides an understanding of its functions and tasks, and outlines the structure and levels of sociological knowledge. Important elements of its existence and development are emphasized, in particular the impossibility of forming an exclusively “national” sociology. The development of sociological education in new conditions is discussed. The tasks of the functioning of the Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences are outlined. Attention is focused on personnel problems in science and the perception of sociology by government institutions.

Historical Continuity and Scientific Ethics in the Psychological Legacy of G. V. Sukhodolsky (For the 90th Anniversary of His Birth)

The article is devoted to the author’s reflection and analysis of a number of episodes of the scientific biography of the famous Soviet scientist, a prominent representative of the Leningrad/St. Petersburg Psychological School, Gennady Vladimirovich Sukhodolsky. His struggle for the ethical component of scientific activity, for historical continuity in Russian psychological science at all stages of its development is shown. His work on the return of the honest name of N.Ya. Growth is being considered. The rehabilitation of pre-revolutionary Russian psychology, which was ideologically influence in Soviet times, has been carried out. The role of scientific schools and their leaders in ensuring historical continuity and scientific ethics in Russian psychology is discussed.

Zum Werdegang einer Fachzeitschrift: Dreißig Jahre Germanistische Beiträge (1993–2023)

Abstract The present article is dedicated to the articles of the journal Germanistische Beiträge, which celebrated its 30th anniversary in 2023, since its first issue in 1993 and has been published continuously for three decades under the editors-in-chief Prof. Dr. Horst Schuller and Prof. Dr. Maria Sass. The article outlines the specifics of the journal: its themes (language, literature, German culture, inter-culturality, etc.), structure, evaluation issues and indexing in international databases. The journal Germanistische Beiträge publishes studies and articles by authors from all centres of Germanic philology in the country, but also has contributors from abroad. It is a nationally and internationally recognised scientific journal.

The future of tourism: evolution and future of scenario planning and strategic foresight in tourism with Albert Postma

PurposeAs the Journal of Tourism Futures celebrates its 10th Anniversary, Dr Stefan Hartman (head of department at the European Tourism Futures Institute, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences) interviews Prof. Albert Postma, professor of Strategic Foresight and Scenario Planning) about Evolution and Future of Scenario Planning.Design/methodology/approachA personal interview held on September 12, 2024.FindingsAlbert Postma highlights the importance of scenario planning and strategic foresight and its evolution. Postma explains how he is taking a leading role in improving the impact of applications of scenario planning and strategic foresight in tourism practice.Originality/valueThe interview provides insights into the directions of scenario planning and strategic foresight applications in tourism practice and promising pathways for future academic contribution to the Journal of Tourism Futures.

(A)Life as It Could Be.

On this 30th anniversary of the founding of the Artificial Life journal, I share some personal reflections on my own history of engagement with the field, my own particular assessment of its current status, and my vision for its future development. At the very least, I hope to stimulate some necessary critical conversations about the field of Artificial Life and where it is going.

Seven million tweets of violence: gendered analysis of Black women representation on social media platforms

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the gendered linguistic patterns of tweets discussing state-sanctioned and vigilante violence against African American women. The paper considers representations of Black women and Black death as engaged on the social media platform formerly known as Twitter. We utilize the theoretical frameworks of Patricia Hill Collins’ (2022. Black Feminist Thought, 30th Anniversary Edition: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. London: Taylor & Francis) conceptualization of Black feminist epistemology and controlling images and Kimberle Crenshaw’s (2018. “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory, and Antiracist Politics [1989].” Feminist Legal Theory 1: 57–80) intersectionality to understand the ways that Black women are discussed, remembered and advocated for on social media platforms in relation to their Black men counterparts. The analysis of over seven million tweets utilizes both qualitative content analysis and computational tools. The paper’s findings concluded that there were differences related to passive and active language based on the gender of the victim of state-sanctioned or vigilante-race-based violence, as well as homophily, specifically name events most frequently used within the context of the state-sanctioned killing of Black women versus Black men.

The future of tourism: interview with Bernadett Papp on brining equity into debates on tourism development and destination governance

PurposeAs the Journal of Tourism Futures celebrates its 10th Anniversary, Dr Stefan Hartman (head of department at the European Tourism Futures Institute, NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences) interviews Bernadett Papp (senior researcher at the European Tourism Futures Institute (ETFI) at NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences) about her recent work in tourism practice and academic and future perspectives on topics relevant to the future of tourism.Design/methodology/approachA personal interview was held on September 16, 2024.FindingsBernadett Papp draws attention to the importance of bringing equity into debates on tourism development and destination governance. She sees a crucial role for governments, the redesign of institutional frameworks, monitoring and data collection and rethinking systems of governance.Originality/valueThe interview provides unique insights into the viewpoints of Papp, highlighting the importance of the still understudied topic of equitable tourism. A topic that still requires a lot of work before hitting mainstream approaches to destination development, even though it should have been on the policy agendas for many years already.

The future of tourism: an interview with Dr Daniel Wright about the genre of science fiction

PurposeAs the Journal of Tourism Futures celebrates its 10th Anniversary, Dr Ian Yeoman (Hotel Management School Leeuwarden) interviews Dr Daniel Wright (University of Central Lancashire) about the future genre of science fiction and his publications.Design/methodology/approachA personal interview.FindingsScience fiction research is about asking difficult questions, the questions we feel uncomfortable asking and answering. Science fiction is a powerful medium to imagine the future, which students love as it is provocative. In the interview, Dr Wright reflects upon his own writing from immortality to the end of the world.Originality/valueThe power of science fiction, as a genre of transformation, skepticism and thinking out of the box, is often missing in futures studies and scenario planning.

Two-faced Janus: on the 150th anniversary of the discovery of DDT

One of the factors associated with increased morbidity of malignant neoplasms is environmental pollution with cancerogenic compounds including pesticides. Until recently, stable organic pollutant insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was the single tool for fighting malaria carriers. Despite vast evidence of its negative effect on human health, DDT is still used in some countries.Aim. To perform a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of DDT pesticide use and the consequences of its use on the global healthcare as well as to investigate the mechanism of its action on the human body including the endocrine system and cancerogenic effects.The review was composed using the PubMed (2853 publications), Elsevier (3139 publications), eLibrary (784 publications) biomedical literature databases. Full-text articles were retrieved through PubMed Central (PMC), Science Direct, Research Gate, CyberLeninka electronic resources.

In Commemoration of the 125th Anniversary of the Birth of Academician K.I. Satpaev

In Commemoration of the 125th Anniversary of the Birth of Academician K.I. Satpaev

The conundrum within “caveat lector”: Unraveling the dissoi logoi in the book banning controversy

ABSTRACT Having just passed the 90th anniversary of the book burnings in Nazi Germany, which began May 10, 1933, and the 70th anniversary of the publication of Ray Bradbury’s classic novel Fahrenheit 451, it doesn’t take much imagination or hyperbole to conclude that controversies surrounding book banning in public schools and libraries across the country are very evident today. This essay argues that the book banning issue in the United States can most effectively be understood through dissoi logoi. We examine both sides of the book banning controversy: those entities that advocate for very restricted access to books and other materials, and those that offer a more unfettered approach. First, we look at the historical provenance of book banning. Then we examine Supreme Court, Appellate Court, and District Court opinions related to book banning from 1969 to 2009. In the current analysis, we look specifically at Florida, which has exerted a significant amount of influence in restricting access to books. And, finally, we look at policies that will afford decision-makers the opportunities to make thoughtful and reasonable choices about the books used in school curricula and holdings in public libraries.

To the 60th Anniversary of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Igor V. Reshetov

To the 60th Anniversary of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Igor V. Reshetov

To the 60th Anniversary of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ivan S. Stilidi

To the 60th Anniversary of Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ivan S. Stilidi

Schizophrenia, clinical and basic research at NIMH: A 75 Year retrospective

ObjectiveIn 2024, NIMH is celebrating its 75th anniversary. At the Congressional hearings preceding its initial funding in 1949, witnesses stressed the need for NIMH to carry out clinical and basic research to find the causes and better treatments for severe mental illnesses. Patients with schizophrenia alone were said to occupy one quarter of all hospital beds in the U.S. We therefore sought to ascertain the relative importance of clinical and basic research funded by NIMH over the life of the institute, using schizophrenia as our primary example. MethodsWe used information of published studies, from the NIMH website, and from NIMH employees both past and present. ResultsDuring its first 40 years, NIMH funded clinical and basic research approximately equally. That changed in the 1990s when the funding of the Human Genome Project started a shift in research resources from clinical to basic. By 2015, clinical research at NIMH had been reduced to 10 % of the research portfolio. This decline has continued and been well documented. For example, between 2006 and 2023, NIMH-funded extramural drug trials for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder decreased by 95 %. To clearly illustrate the decline of schizophrenia research at NIMH, research for the 5-year period from 1984 to 1988 was compared with research from 2018 to 2022. ConclusionsIn summary, data suggests that over the past 3 decades NIMH has reduced clinical research on severe mental illnesses by at least 90 %. We therefore recommend that NIMH re-establish clinical research on severe mental illnesses as a priority, as originally intended by Congress; that NIMH spend at least 50 % of all disease-related research dollars on clinical research; and that this distribution be documented in an existing and publicly available database.

The History and Current State of Neurosurgery in the Republic of Moldova: Celebrating the 25th Anniversary of the Founding of the Department of Neurosurgery

Five billion people worldwide lack access to safe, timely, and affordable surgical and anesthesia care. This deficit is greatest in low- and middle-income countries, especially for specialty surgical services including neurosurgery, due to insufficient personnel, resources, and infrastructure. The southeastern European nation of the Republic of Moldova is one such middle-income country. Discussions with key individuals involved in neurosurgical care in Moldova were conducted to characterize the history and current state of neurosurgery in Moldova. Via a process of chain referral sampling, all practicing neurosurgeons in Moldova were invited to participate in the execution and authorship of this project. Developing from origins in the Soviet Union, neurosurgery became part of the national health system in the 1940s, with the creation of the first neurosurgery department in 1999. Eleven hospitals, including eight public and three private, offer neurosurgical services, with 239 beds and 5330 cases performed in 2023. Most attending neurosurgeons and residents are male, but this is changing as women comprise over one-third of residents in training. There is one neurosurgery residency program and a 2-year fellowship in endovascular neurosurgery in Moldova, with further fellowship training received outside of the country. CT and MRI are available at most centers. This article provides the first-ever description of the history and current state of neurosurgery in Moldova and presents key recommendations to guide the international neurosurgery community in developing neurosurgical care in countries with an unmet need.

150th anniversary of the birth of Nikolai Alexandrovich Semashko

.

Eduard-Anton Ya. Krassovsky (on the 125th anniversary of his death)

This article is dedicated to the 125th anniversary of the death of Anton Ya. Krassovsky, who was one of the greatest obstetricians of the 19th century, the founder of scientific obstetrics and operative gynecology in Russia, public figure, professor and academician of Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy. The paper highlights his biography, scientific, teaching and social activities. A.Ya. Krassovsky’s enormous contribution to the development of operative and scientific obstetrics and gynecology, as well as improvement of gynecological operations is highly noted in the article. Particularly noteworthy is the participation of Prof. A.Ya. Krassovsky in the foundation of the first Saint Petersburg Obstetrics and Gynecology Society in Russia, in the training of doctors and midwives, and in the creation of the first domestic school of obstetricians and gynecologists and the first scientific journal in Russia for obstetricians and gynecologists. The “Journal of Obstetrics and Women’s Diseases” laid down the basic ideas and directions that contributed to the formation and development of domestic obstetrics and gynecology.