One-way ANOVA Research Articles

ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ДЕТЕРМИНАЦИЯ НАКОПЛЕНИЯ МЕДИ В МИОКАРДЕ У КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ

The purpose of the study is to assess the hereditary nature of copper accumulation in the heart muscle of Holstein bulls bred in the ecological and climatic conditions of Western Siberia. The results of assessing the level of copper in the myocardium of Holstein bulls aged 12–13 months, which are the descendants of 4 sires, are presented. Blood was taken from animals with a live weight of 330–365 kg, bred in a large livestock enterprise located in Western Siberia. The level of copper in the myocardium of bulls was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with flame and electrothermal atomization. One-way analysis of variance was used to determine differences between groups. η2 was used as a test to assess the effect size, and Tukey’s test was used for post hoc comparisons. It was found that the average copper content in the myocardium of Holstein bulls was 3.24 ± 0.04 mg/kg. Phenotypic variability of copper concentration in the heart muscle was characterized by low values. The established differences (p-value < 0.05) in copper content in the offspring of different sires reflect the genetic determination of the accumulation of this metal in the heart muscle. The strength of influence of the factor of paternal affiliation of bulls on the level of copper content in the myocardium was 35 %. The level of copper in the myocardium was higher by 0.52 mg/kg in the offspring of the bull Fabio compared to the sons of Brio. The reference interval for myocardial copper content based on the central 95 % percentile with 90 % confidence intervals was 2.9 (2.78 – 3.02) – 3.7 (3.57–3.82) mg/kg.

In Vitro Biomechanics of Attachment Use and Their Placement for Extrusive Tooth Movement by Aligner Mechanotherapy.

The objective of the presented study was to evaluate the biomechanics of aligners utilising attachments and the effect of their placement for extrusion. An invitro Orthodontic SIMulator (OSIM) was used to measure forces and moments produced through aligners incorporating attachments. The maxillary teeth on OSIM were digitally scanned to generate an STL model that was modified by placing a rectangular shaped attachment. Four models were designed with variation in attachment placement: Model NA-no attachment; model BA-buccal attachment; model LA-lingual attachment; model BL-both buccal and lingual attachments. Aligners (n = 30/model) were fabricated using a 0.75 mm thick polyethylene terephthalate material using a Biostar machine following the manufacturer's recommendations. A one-way MANOVA, followed by one-way ANOVA was used to test the effect of models on occlusogingival force (Fz) and mesiodistal moment (Mx) at 0.20 mm of gingival displacement of the left lateral incisor. The BL model exerted maximum Fz (1.22 ± 0.20 N), followed by models BA (1.18 ± 0.25 N) and LA (1.07 ± 0.19 N). The model NA exerted a negligible Fz (0.14 ± 0.08 N) that was statistically different from all other models. The models BA and LA generated Mx that has the tendency to tip the crown of tooth lingually (10.00 ± 3.12 Nmm) and buccally (-1.29 ± 2.26 Nmm), respectively. The models show statistically significant differences between models BL, BA and LA. There was no statistically significant difference between models BL and NA. The experimental evidence suggest that attachments on the lateral incisor could improve the predictability of extrusion forces applied with aligners. The models BL and LA provided favourable biomechanics by generating clinically significant extrusion forces without significant tipping of the lateral incisor tooth.

Investigating the Consumer Choices of Gen Z: A Sustainable Food System Perspective

Background/Objectives: Developing nutrition-oriented and more responsible consumer behaviors is crucial for the well-being of current and future generations. Food choice determinants and concerns of Gen Zs—also referred to as Post-Millennials, or Zoomers—were explored from a sustainable food system perspective to identify factors encouraging young people to be on the front line of this much-needed transformation. Methods: Quantitative data were collected with the use of the CAWI method from 650 adults representing Generation Z living in Polish cities. Statistical analysis identified three consumer segments, and cluster (CL) means were statistically contrasted using a one-way ANOVA with Scheffé tests for post hoc comparisons. Results: The research results indicate that the key considerations of food choice in the studied Gen Z sample are taste, price, and health. External factors, such as social media influencers and consumer trends, play a relatively minor role in decision-making. Gen Zs were more aware of the link between their eating patterns and health than the link between their eating habits and the natural environment. Members of the biggest cluster (CL3), constituting 48.3% of the total sample, declared the highest level of agreement with statements referring to links between diet, environment, and health from the food system perspective. This most allo-centered (community-oriented, altruistic) consumer segment, differing significantly with gender to other CLs was more concerned about climate change and protecting the natural environment and open to changing its dietary habits. Conclusions: Implementing research-based policy measures focusing on Generation Z, especially young women, as potential leaders and drivers of food system change is recommended.

The impact of apolipoprotein E, type ∊4 allele on Alzheimer’s disease pathological biomarkers: a comprehensive post-mortem pilot-analysis

The apolipoprotein E type ∊4 allele (ApoE4) is known as the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Meanwhile, many aspects of its impact on AD pathology remain underexplored. This study conducts a systematic data analysisof donor data from the Seattle Alzheimer’s Disease Brain Cell Atlas. Our investigation delves into the intricate interplay between identified biomarkers and their correlation with ApoE4 across all severities of AD. Employing Pearson R correlation, and one-way and two-way ANOVA tests, we elucidate the pathological changes in biomarkers and the altering effects of ApoE4. Remarkably, the phosphorylation of tau observed in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) marked by the AT8 antibody, emerges as the most correlated factor with other pathological biomarkers. This correlation is mediated by both tau and amyloid pathology, suggesting a higher hierarchical role in determining AD pathological effects than other biomarkers. However, non-ApoE4 carriers exhibit a more significant correlation with disease progression severity compared to ApoE4 carriers, though ApoE4 carriers demonstrate significance in exacerbating the effect of accumulating phosphorylated tau and amyloid plaques assessed by AT8 and 6E10 antibodies. Furthermore, our analysis does not observe dramatic neuronal changes in grey matter across the span of AD pathology. Glia activation, measured by Iba1 and GFAP, demonstrates an amyloid-specific correlation. This research marks the first human post-mortem analysis providing a comprehensive examination of prevailing AD biomarkers and their interconnectedness with pathology and ApoE4 genetic factor. Limitations in the study are acknowledged, underscoring the need for further exploration and refinement in future research endeavors.

Non-communicable diseases in Saudi adolescents: prevalence, risk factors, and implications for public health

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among Saudi adolescents, focusing on obesity, conduct disorder, asthma, and anxiety, and to identify potential risk factors associated with these conditions.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from 2,160 adolescents sourced from official government databases and peer-reviewed literature. Statistical methods included one-way ANOVA, chi-square tests, logistic regression, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, with significance set at p < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval.ResultsThe prevalence of NCDs among Saudi adolescents was 11.8%. Obesity was the most common condition (odds ratio [OR] = 1.24, p = 0.006), followed by conduct disorder (OR = 1.12, p = 0.041), asthma (OR = 1.09, p = 0.036), and anxiety (OR = 1.06, p = 0.042). Pearson’s correlation revealed significant associations between these disorders and adolescence stages.ConclusionObesity, conduct disorder, asthma, and anxiety are significant health challenges for Saudi adolescents. These findings highlight the role of lifestyle factors such as diet and physical inactivity. Targeted interventions are needed to promote healthy behaviors and mitigate the long-term risks of these conditions.

Effect of different ceramic materials and dentin sealing on occlusal veneers bond strength and fracture resistance

BackgroundThe effect of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) or delayed dentin sealing (DDS) on bond strength of different ceramic occlusal veneer restorations, was not examined yet, but the digital quantification of surface area of preparations helped in the calculation of the actual bond strength of these restorations, besides that, dentin sealing could influence the fracture resistance values of different ceramic occlusal veneer restorations.This study aimed to examine the effect of different dentin sealing strategies and different restorative materials on the debonding forces, bond strength and fracture resistance of occlusal veneer restorations.Materials and methodsHuman mandibular molars (N = 64/test) were prepared for occlusal veneer restorations fabricated from Lithium disilicate ceramic (LS) (control group), Zirconia-reinforced lithium Silicate ceramic (ZLS), High translucent zirconia ceramic (HZ), and Resin nano ceramic (LU) (n = 16). Each material was subdivided according to IDS or DDS application, (n = 8). Bond strength testing and fracture resistance values were measured using universal testing machine. Two-way ANOVA was performed to investigate the effects of the two variables, dentin sealing and material selection, and their interaction (α = 0.05), followed by One-way ANOVA and post hoc or Student t-test for further determination of significance.ResultsFor debonding forces and bond strength testing there were significant differences regarding different materials and dentin sealing strategies, while for fracture resistance, the material selection had a significant effect on it with no significant effects of dentin sealing strategies. The interaction between materials and dentin sealing showed no significant differences concerning all tests. For debonding forces and bond strength there was a higher result related to IDS application than DDS (p < 0.001*), and there was a significant effect of material selection on them (LS > ZLS > HZ > LU), (p = 0.001*). Regarding the fracture resistance there was significant increase of all studied materials than LU (p = 0.002*).ConclusionImmediate dentin sealing increased the required debonding forces of occlusal veneers made of different materials and their bond strength without significant effect on their fracture resistance, however this improvement was found to be material dependant. All the used materials can withstand lateral and occlusal forces higher than the values recommended for restoring posterior teeth.

Resin Composite Depth of Cure Through Transparent Matrix Materials Used for Injection Molding.

The purpose of this study was to compare the curing light transmittance and depth of cure (DOC) of resin composite through clear polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression materials and 3D printed clear matrix materials at various thicknesses. Cylindrical specimens (n=6) of three clear PVS materials (Affinity Crystal, Clear Bite Matrix, Exaclear) were fabricated in Teflon molds, and two 3D-printed clear matrix materials (Filtek matrix, IDB 2) were printed into specimens of five different thicknesses (2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm). To measure light irradiance transmittance, specimens were placed on a radiometer (CheckUp), allowing the transmitted irradiance from a light-curing unit (Elipar DeepCure-S, 1450 mW/cm2) to be recorded. DOC of resin composite specimens was measured by placing flowable composite (PVS and IDB 2) or heated conventional composite (Filtek Matrix) into a split metal die with a 4 mm diameter opening. The composite was cured through the different matrix specimens using the Elipar DeepCure-S curing light for the manufacturer's recommended curing time (10 seconds) or double the curing time (20 seconds). The DOC of the composite specimens was measured according to ISO 4049 7.8, and the percentage of total cure (%TC) was calculated by dividing by the total cure (DOC with no matrix and 10-second cure). The correlation between irradiance transmittance and %TC was analyzed with Pearson's coefficient. For each matrix material, the %TC was compared to the total cure of the material using a Dunnett's test. The compressive modulus of each material was measured and compared with a one-way ANOVA. There was a statistically significant, strong positive correlation between irradiance transmittance and %TC for 10 seconds (r=0.90 p<0.001) and 20 seconds (r=0.89 p<0.001). There was not a statistically different DOC for the total cure with Affinity (2 mm), Clear Bite (2 mm), Exaclear (2, 4, 6 mm), IDB2 (2, 4, 6, 8 mm), and Filtek Matrix (2,4 mm) if a 20-second cure was used. Decreased light irradiance from curing through clear matrix materials decreases the DOC of resin composites. Doubling the curing time when curing through some matrix materials at certain thicknesses allowed a total cure.

Development and assessment of a prototype of an interproximal image receptor-holding device for use in pediatric dentistry.

To develop and test a prototype for interproximal radiography positioning intended for pediatric dentistry and compare the technical quality of image receptor-holding devices (IRHD) commonly used in clinical practice. Six prototypes, with three wedge dimensions (0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 2 mm) in upper and lower positions on the bitewing surface were compared regarding their capacity to acquire interproximal radiographs without overlapping surfaces with other IRHDs: RinnXCPTM, Hawe KerrTM, and Cone Indicator. Fifteen graduate students obtained images of deciduous molars in a child's skull and mandible. The chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were employed to analyze significant differences in the number of repetitions and failures in obtaining correct images. A one-way ANOVA assessed the difference between the mean times required for image acquisition according to each IRHD, adopting a significance level of 5%. The effectiveness of the tested devices, evaluated by the number of correct and incorrect acquisitions using Fisher's exact test, revealed a p-value of 0.057. The ANOVA demonstrated statistically significant differences in the mean acquisition times (p < 0.0000). The upper and lower wedge prototypes 2 mm performed better in acquiring only one radiograph (76.7%) and took less time to execute the technique (1.17 min and 1.12 min, respectively). The prototypes showed comparable performance to alternative IRHDs but provided advantages in time efficiency and radiation exposure.

Sleep Quality and Cognitive Impairments in Children and Adolescents with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and/or Depressive Symptoms

Background/Objectives: Sleep and cognitive alterations are common symptoms associated with child Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression (DEP). This study aims to investigate the relationship between sleep disturbances and cognitive alterations in PTSD and DEP. Methods: Using a quantitative, cross-sectional exploratory design, we examined 130 students (106 girls and 24 boys) aged 11 to 16 years (mean age = 12.9, SD = 1.35) from 6th to 8th grade. Twenty-eight participants met the criteria for PTSD, 15 met the criteria for DEP, 43 met the criteria for both PTSD+/DEP+, and 44 served as the control group. Comparative analyses were conducted using the MANOVA and multiple one-way ANOVA tests. Results: The MANOVA test indicated an interaction between cognitive and sleep alterations. Post hoc analysis revealed that sleep patterns were significantly altered among the groups with PTSD, DEP, and PTSD+/DEP+ (F(3, 126) = 16.98, p = 0.001). In contrast, cognitive alterations were most pronounced in PTSD and PTSD+/DEP+ (F(3, 126) = 63.97, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: These findings emphasize the impact of PTSD and DEP on cognition and sleep. Potential clinical implications suggest the need for interventions targeting sleep and cognitive alterations. This study underscores the complex relationship among traumatic experiences, depression, and cognitive/sleep alterations.

The relationship between perceptions toward advertising and consumption of energy-dense nutrient-poor foods among adults in the United States: results from a national survey

IntroductionMuch of the research on the effects of food advertising has been focused on children and adolescents; however, adults may also be influenced. Prior research has also shown that exposure to food advertisements have impacted the consumption behaviors of adults. The purpose of this study is to explore (1) the differences in perceptions toward and trust in food advertisements between racial/ethnic population subgroups; and (2) the associations between perceptions toward food advertising and the consumption of energy-dense, nutrient poor (EDNP) foods among adults using data from a national data set (n = 1,535).MethodsData from the National Cancer Institute’s Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) survey were utilized in this secondary data analysis study. We conducted one-way ANOVAs to evaluate demographic subgroup differences within advertising trust and perceptions, and utilized bivariate and multivariable linear regression models to examine associations between (1) the perceptions toward and trust in food advertisements between racial/ethnic population subgroups; and (2) the associations between perceptions toward food advertising and the consumption of EDNP foods, while controlling for sociodemographic factors.ResultsResults show significant differences between racial/ethnic groups on advertising perceptions (F = 8.59, p &amp;lt; 0.0001). Planned contrasts show that there was a statistically significant and meaningful difference (p = 0.04) between Non-Hispanic Blacks (mean = 2.85) and Non-Hispanic Whites (mean = 2.52) for trust in food advertising. Regression analyses show that as positive perceptions toward food advertising increase among adults, there is an increase in daily frequency of consumption of EDNP foods and drinks (𝛽 = 0.15, p &amp;lt; 0.0001). This pattern was similar for trust in food advertising (𝛽 = 0.13, p &amp;lt; 0.0001).DiscussionGiven that previous studies have shown that ethnic minority groups, particularly Non-Hispanic Blacks, are more likely to be exposed to unhealthy food advertisements across various types of media, such as TV, billboards, and in grocery stores, it is possible that Non-Hispanic Black adults have greater trust in food advertising because of the increased environmental exposure to advertising through various channels of communication. Numerous studies have demonstrated that exposure to food advertisements is linked to consumption of the foods found in those advertisements. Our results provide some initial empirical support for the cognitive mechanisms of how exposure to food advertising may contribute to consumption. Developing advertising literacy interventions to inoculate against the cognitive impacts of food advertising may be a viable strategy to limiting consumption of EDNP foods.

FoxO1 mediates odontoblast differentiation of hDPSCs via B cell-derived ANGPTL1 in dental caries: A laboratory investigation.

Clinical and invitro evidence indicates that chronic inflammatory responses initiated by dental caries can persist in the dental pulp even after treatment, necessitating the formation of reparative dentin to restore tissue homeostasis and health. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) serve as crucial precursors in this reparative process. This study explores the role of B cells and their secreted factor, Angiopoietin Like 1 (ANGPTL1), in promoting hDPSCs differentiation into odontoblasts under carious conditions, with a particular focus on the activation of Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1). Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) data from the GEO database were analysed to explore cellular interactions and molecular mechanisms in dental pulp. Immunofluorescence staining was used to investigate the expression patterns of B cells or hDPSCs in dental pulp and hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP) scaffolds. The expression levels of ANGPTL1 were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Odontoblast differentiation capacity was assessed by alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red S staining, and western blotting analysis. hDPSCs were overexpressed or knocked down FoxO1 with lentiviruses. The regulatory interaction between FoxO1 and the DSPP promoter was evaluated through dual-luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Statistical analyses were conducted using Student's t-test or one-way analysis of variance (anova) with a p-value of <.05 considered statistically significant. scRNA-Seq data indicated a significant increase in B cells and ANGPTL1 expression in carious dental pulp. Functional analyses confirmed that ANGPTL1 secreted by B cells activated FoxO1 expression in hDPSCs, enhancing their differentiation into odontoblast-like cells. Blocking ANGPTL1 signalling with a specific antibody reduced FoxO1 expression, indicating a regulatory link between ANGPTL1 and FoxO1. Overexpression of FoxO1 in hDPSCs promoted their differentiation into odontoblasts and facilitated mineralized matrix formation. Mechanistic studies revealed that FoxO1 directly binds to the DSPP promoter, thereby inducing its expression. Our study reveals a novel mechanism in which ANGPTL1 secreted by B cells in a carious environment promotes the odontoblast differentiation of hDPSCs by upregulating FoxO1. This finding highlights a potential therapeutic target for enhancing dental pulp repair and regeneration.

Difficult Working Conditions of Migrant Workers: An Example of an Industrial Area in South of Türkiye

The integration of refugees into their work lives is crucial issue for public health.This study aimed to reveal some characteristics of the working life of Syrian refugees in Türkiye. This cross-sectional study employed the convenience sampling method to select participants in one of the provinces in Türkiye that hosts the highest number of refugees compared to its population. The data collected via a questionnaire were analyzed using the Chi-square, T test, One-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation statistical methods. All the Syrian workers surveyed were unregistered, and 42.8% worked in the industry. Average weekly working hours were 66.2 hours, and 78.1% of the workers were paid less than the legal minimum wage. Weekly working hours or a high level of education did not lead to an increase in salary. The Syrian refugees changed jobs frequently due to poor working conditions, and 57.2% had a work accident in Türkiye. Syrian workers have been found to have adverse working conditions, including long working hours, low pay, lack of vocational training and a high risk of work accidents. It is recommended to carry out further studies together with the necessary arrangements.

The Influence of 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi Exposure Duration on Sperm Quality and Testicular Histopathology: An Exploration of Peroxidative Injury

Concerns have arisen about the impact of wireless technology on male fertility, particularly regarding the duration of 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi radiation exposure. This study examines the influence of various exposure durations on sperm parameters and testicular histopathology, focusing on malondialdehyde as an oxidative stress marker. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were exposed for eight weeks, after which their sperm concentration, motility, and viability and testicular histopathology were assessed. Malondialdehyde levels were measured using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. One-way ANOVAs with Tukey’s post hoc tests were conducted for the sperm concentration, motility, and viability; the seminiferous epithelium height; and malondialdehyde. The Kruskal–Wallis H test was used for the Johnsen Score and seminiferous tubule diameter. The results indicated that 4 h of exposure to 2.45 GHz radiation induced oxidative stress and adversely affected sperm parameters and the testicular ultrastructure. Gradual recovery was observed at 8 h, with further improvement at 24 h, suggesting the activation of cell repair mechanisms. This was supported by significant changes in testicular organ coefficients, indicating potential recovery. Our findings suggest that Wi-Fi exposure reduces sperm fertility potential, with the body showing limited capacity for complete recovery from the damage.

Social Support and Quality of Life Perceptions Among Persons with Disabilities

Everyone may need some form of support at a point in time. Support networks assist when there are threatening life events. Whereas everyone needs support, persons who are vulnerable in society such as persons with disabilities (PWDs) may need it the most, hence, this study investigated the influence of social support on their quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to determine the impact of social support on the QoL of PWDs. The study sought to find the sources of social support, the relationship between social support and QoL, and the mechanism by which social support influences the QoL of PWDs. The study was mixed-method with an explanatory sequential design. The population of the study was PWDs in the Tamale Metropolis and Sagnarigu Municipality. A total of 117 PWDs participated in the study using stratified random sampling. A questionnaire and a semi-structured interview guide were the main instruments. The researchers administered the instruments personally. The quantitative data was analysed using simple linear regression, and One-way ANOVA while the qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. It was found that social support was a predictor of the QoL of PWDs especially, support from significant others and families but not from friends. Also, there was a significant difference in QoL among PWDs especially between the hearing impaired and the physically disabled. It was found that the support they received improved their health, well-being, and QoL. It was concluded that social support enhances the QoL of PWDs, hence, the need to strengthen social support systems for them.

Influence of Professional Nutritional Support on Dietary Profile of Strength-Trained Women

Appropriate eating habits and personalized nutritional strategies combined with strength training can optimize metabolic pathways, enhance strength gains, and improve body composition. The present study aims to characterize and analyze how professional nutritional support influences the dietary profile and energy balance (EB) of strength-trained women. This cross-sectional study includes 64 strength-trained women divided into four groups: HyperWith (nutritional support, hypertrophy objective), WLossWith (nutritional support, weight loss objective), HyperWithout (no nutritional support, hypertrophy objective), and WLossWithout (no nutritional support, weight loss objective). Dietary profile and total energy expenditure (TEE) were assessed using a 24-hour food recall and physical activity diary. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA (α=0.05), followed by Tukey's post hoc test to identify group differences. The TEE, energy intake, and macronutrient intake were recorded and compared. No significant difference in TEE was found between groups, though individual variations were observed. Statistically significant differences (p&lt;0.05) were noted in EB, total calories, and macronutrients. The HyperWith group had a significantly higher mean total caloric value than WLossWith (p=0.006) and WLossWithout (p=0.011), with significant differences in EB between WLossWith and HyperWith (p=0.006) and between HyperWith and WLossWithout (p=0.008). HyperWith showed higher means of carbohydrates, proteins (p&lt;0.001), and lipids (p=0.044). The study emphasizes the importance of professional nutritional support for strength-trained women aiming for weight loss or hypertrophy, finding that dietary profiles and EB were partially aligned with recommendations, particularly among those receiving support.

Reference ranges for 24-h urinary protein/creatinine ratio and urinary microalbumin/creatinine ratio in Chinese children.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the age and gender characteristics of 24-h urinary protein/creatinine ratio (24hUPCR) and urinary microalbumin/creatinine ratio (UMACR) among Chinese children and other related factors, and to establish preliminary reference ranges. A total of 200 healthy children aged 2-15years were enrolled. We divided the subjects into twelve groups according to age. Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA test and Spearman correlation analysis were used to compare 24hUPCR and UMACR with other variables and 95% reference range was used to establish the reference range. 24hUPCR and UMACR showed correlation with age, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001), and females had higher levels than males among all healthy children (p < 0.01). 6 and 8years of age were the critical nodes in the change of 24hUPCR and UMACR levels, respectively. The reference ranges established based on the 200 Chinese children in this study are as follows: 24hUPCR: < 24.34mg/mmol (male) and < 43.04mg/mmol (female) for ≥ 2-6years; < 17.60mg/mmol (male) and < 22.80mg/mmol (female) for ≥ 6-15years. < 1.53mg/mmol (male) and < 1.74mg/mmol (female) for ≥ 2-8years, < 1.13mg/mmol (male) and < 3.48mg/mmol (female) for ≥ 8-15years. 24hUPCR and UMACR in children were correlated with age, gender, height, weight, BMI, and ethnicity. Establishing the right pediatric cutoff values that account for age, gender, and ethnicity can guarantee the sensitivity and specificity needed for clinical applications.

Effect of Rosemary Leaf Ethanol Extract (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) on Arginase-1 and Tumor Suppressor P53 Expression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Male Wistar Strain Rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) Induced By p-Dimethylamino benzaldehyde (DMBA)

Aims: Tumor Suppressor p53 is a frequent research target to further understand the mechanisms of cancer development and the pathogenesis of cancer. Arginase-1 may also be a potential prognosis predictor for HCC patients, and also be a new target for HCC treatment. This research aims to scientifically test whether the administration of ethanol extract from Rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) inhibits the increase in Arginase-1 and inhibits the increase in Tumor Suppressor p53 from Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats (Rattus norvegicus L) Male Wistar induced by p -Dimethylamino Benzaldehyde (DMBA). Study Design: This study used an in vivo laboratory test method. This study employed true experimental laboratories to evaluate the effects of rosemary leaf extract. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology and Therapy and Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, between December 2023 to July 2024. Methodology: Wistar rats were induced with p-Dimethylamino Benzaldehyde (DMBA) and treated with varying doses of ethanol extract from rosemary leaves (200 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW, and 800 mg/kg BW). A control group was included, and the experiment was replicated five times. Hepatocellular carcinoma in liver tissue samples was evaluated through immunohistochemistry for Arginase-1 and Tumor Suppressor p53 expression. Interpretation of immunoreactivity was based on Histochemical scoring (H-score) assessment. Results: The results showed that the ethanol extract of rosemary leaves inhibited the decrease in Tumor Suppressor p53 expression in the DMBA-treated group. Significant increases in p53 expression were observed at doses of 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg BW. One-way ANOVA of the immunohistochemical tests for Arginase-1 and p53 revealed a significant difference between groups (p &lt; 0.05). The ethanol extract of rosemary leaves demonstrated a potential to inhibit the decrease in Tumor Suppressor p53 expression but did not significantly affect the expression of Arginase-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma in male Wistar rats induced by p-Dimethylamino Benzaldehyde (DMBA). Conclusion: Ethanol extract of rosemary leaves could not inhibit the increase in arginase-1 expression and inhibit the decrease in tumor suppressor p53 of hepatocellular carcinoma in male Wistar rats induced by p-Dimethylamino benzaldehyde (DMBA).

Food choice motivations and perceptions of healthy eating: a cross-sectional study among consumers in the UAE.

Investigating consumer food choice motivations is crucial for planning effective policies and targeted interventions. This study aimed to examine the food choice motivations and perceptions of healthy eating among adults in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and to segment consumers based on their motivations. A web-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among adults in the UAE (n = 1209). An overall perception of healthy eating score was calculated based on the sum of the responses to the perception statements. Food motivation scores were calculated with a higher score indicating more influence of the food motivation group. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and K-means cluster analysis were used to identify and determine the optimal number of clusters. Differences between clusters were evaluated using an Independent sample t-test, One-Way ANOVA test, and Chi-square analysis. Participants mostly agreed that a healthy diet should be balanced, varied, and complete (84.4%), that fruit and vegetables are essential to a practice of healthy eating (82.8%), and that they can eat everything as long as it is in small quantities (60.1%). Females, younger adults, those with higher education levels, and those with normal BMI tended to have a slightly more positive perception of a healthy diet than their counterparts (p < 0.05). Health motivation (mean = 3.43, SD ± 0.78) exhibited the highest influence on the participants' food choices, followed by emotional motivations (mean = 3.26, SD ± 0.68). Health-related motivations mainly influenced food choices among participants in both identified clusters but were notably more emphasised in Cluster 1. Cluster 1 demonstrated significantly higher mean scores in all other categories than Cluster 2 (p < 0.001). Cluster 1 encompasses more female participants than males, while Cluster 2 comprises a more significant proportion of males and individuals falling within higher income brackets (p < 0.001). The results of the current study offer valuable insights into various crucial aspects that impact the decisions of individuals' food choices. Based on distinct motivational structures identified through cluster analysis, personalised approaches can encourage healthier dietary practices. A holistic approach acknowledging emotional, economic, environmental, alongside health-related factors is vital.

Experimental Research and Significance Analysis of Advanced Interpolation Methods for Optimizing System State Items and Processing Parameters

The Finite-Difference Method (FDM) plays a pivotal role in the field of stability prediction, particularly in the modeling and stability analysis of cutting process dynamics. However, traditional approaches to optimizing the FDM often treat system state terms and time-delay terms as a monolithic entity, failing to explicitly distinguish between them, which leads to a lack of specificity in selecting optimization targets. In this study, an innovative approach is introduced by incorporating the third-order Newton interpolation method and the fourth-order Hermite interpolation method. By comparing the computational accuracy and convergence speed, it is found that the 3N-FDM (third-order Newton Finite-Difference Method) exhibits superior overall performance, and it is clearly pointed out that increasing the order does not always result in better outcomes. Additionally, this study selects different discretization numbers, denoted as m, for comparative analysis to thoroughly evaluate their impact on computational accuracy. Experimental validation demonstrates the high accuracy of the 3N-FDM. Through a one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) of tool wear and workpiece surface roughness, it is revealed that changes in system state terms have the most significant impact on the feed rate f, followed by the cutting depth ap, and finally the spindle speed n. Based on the experimental results and analysis mentioned above, this study concludes that optimizing system state terms can more effectively explore the combined influences of processing parameters on processing quality, production efficiency, and tool wear.

Inappropriate medication prescribing, polypharmacy, potential drug-drug interactions and medication regimen complexity in older adults attending three referral hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundOlder adults often face several chronic illnesses that require them to take multiple medications. The increased number of prescribed medications has led to more complex medication regimens, putting older adults at a higher risk of potential drug-drug interactions, inappropriate medication prescribing, and adverse events. This study aimed to assess inappropriate prescribing practices, polypharmacy, medication regimen complexity, and their determinants in older adults.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among older adults (aged 65 years and above) who visited three referral hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea, between June and August, 2023. A stratified random sampling technique was used, and data were collected from patient prescriptions, medical cards, and through interviews with a questionnaire. Inappropriate medication prescribing was evaluated using STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions)/ START (Screening Tool to Alert to Right Treatment) criteria version 3. Potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) and medication regimen complexity (MRC) were assessed using Lexi-comp drug interaction checker and MRC index, respectively. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, independent samples t-test, one-way Analysis of Variance, and paired t-test were employed using IBM SPSS (version-26.0).ResultsA total of 430 respondents, with a similar male to female ratio, were included. The prevalence of polypharmacy was 5.3% (95%CI: 3.2, 7.5). Moreover, the prevalence of clinically significant pDDI was 51% (95%CI: 46, 56). The most common medicines involved in clinically significant pDDIs were enalapril (n = 179) and acetylsalicylic acid (n = 124). The presence of chronic illness (AOR = 7.58, 95%CI: 3.73, 15.39) and the number of drugs prescribed (AOR = 2.80, 95%CI: 1.91, 4.10) were predictors of clinically significant pDDIs. The prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and potential prescribing omissions (PPOs) were 27.4% (95% CI: 23.4, 31.8) and 13.3% (95% CI: 10.3, 16.7), respectively. The most common PIMs were long-acting sulfonylureas (n = 63) and aldosterone antagonists (n = 19). Besides, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (n = 41) and cardio-selective beta-blockers (n = 14) were the most common PPOs identified. Age (AOR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92, 0.98), presence of chronic illness (AOR: 1.51, 95% CI: 0.81, 2.80), and number of drugs prescribed (AOR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.51, 2.69) were significant factors associated with PIM. MRCI score was a significant determinant of PPO (AOR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.38). The mean (SD) of the overall MRCI score was 9.1 (3.7), with dose frequency being the major contributor. The number of drugs prescribed was a determinant of MRCI score (r = 0.625, p < 0.001).ConclusionInappropriate medication prescribing and clinically significant drug-drug interactions were common among older adults, highlighting the need for immediate attention from policymakers, program managers, and healthcare professionals.