Currently, every 1 kg of instant coffee produced results in 2 kg of wet SCG, accounting for 45% of total annual production. Instead of being wasted and causing environmental issues, SCG can be utilized for its potential to create valuable products with added value. This study explores the underutilized potential of spent coffee grounds (SCG) as a functional ingredient in shortbread biscuits, with the aim of improving their nutritional value and reducing waste in the coffee industry. In this study, six different shortbread formulations were developed using various concentrations of SCG powder (ranging from 0 to 10%). The samples were subjected to physical, sensory, proximate, and chemical analyses to assess their storage quality, physicochemical properties, and sensory acceptability. The results showed that the SCG-containing shortbread had higher moisture, protein, ash, fibre, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity than the control sample, with the 10% SCG shortbread proving to be the most desirable in terms of aroma and hardness. Overall, this study highlights the potential of SCG as a valuable source of bioactive compounds in innovative cookies, offering opportunities for the utilization of industrial by-products, reducing waste, and improving nutritional properties.

The rapid development of vaccines and other innovative medical technologies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic required streamlined and efficient ethics and governance processes. In the UK the Health Research Authority (HRA) oversees and coordinates a number of the relevant research governance processes including the independent ethics review of research projects. The HRA was instrumental in facilitating the rapid review and approval of COVID-19 projects, and following the end of the pandemic, have been keen to integrate new ways of working into the UK Health Departments' Research Ethics Service. In January 2022 the HRA commissioned a public consultation that identified strong public support for alternative ethics review processes. Here we report feedback from 151 current research ethics committee members conducted at three annual training events, where we asked members to critically reflect on their ethics review activities, and to share new ideas or ways of working. The results showed a high regard for good quality discussion among members with diverse experience. Good chairing, organisation, feedback and the opportunity for reflection on ways of working were considered key. Areas for improvement included the consistency of information provided to committees by researchers, and better structuring of discussions by allowing signposting of the key issues that ethics committee members might need to consider.

Stress can be described as an alteration in our body that can cause strain emotionally, physically, or psychologically. It is a reaction from our body to something that demands attention or exertion. It can be caused by various reasons depending on the physical or mental activity of the body. Commuting on a regular basis also acts as a source of stress. This research aims to explore the physiological effects of the commute with an application of a machine-learning algorithm. The data used in this research is collected from 45 healthy participants who commute to work on a regular basis. A multimodal dataset containing medical data like biosignals (heart rate, blood pressure, and EEG signal) plus responses obtained from the questionnaire PANAS. Evaluation is based on the performance metrics that include confusion matrix, ROC/AUC, and classification accuracy of the model. In this research, several machine learning algorithms are applied to design a model which can predict the effect of a commute. The results obtained from this research suggest that whether the interval of commute was small or large, there was a significant rise in stress levels including the bio-signals (electroencephalogram, blood pressure and heart rate) after the commute. The results obtained from the employed machine learning algorithms predict that heart rate difference before and after commute will correlate with EEG signals in participants who have self-reported to be stress after the commute. The random forest algorithm gave a very promising result with an accuracy of 91%, while the KNN and the SVM showed the accuracy of 78% and 80% respectively.

ZusammenfassungHartes Licht für Materialprüfung, Kristallographie und vieles mehr – Anwendungen von UV‐ und weicher Röntgen‐StrahlungDer Artikel stellt vier Anwendungsgebiete für den Einsatz ultravioletten (UV‐) Lichts vor: Die Materialprüfung und ‐charakterisierung, die Plasmaanalyse, die Untersuchung von Sonnenereignissen und die Kristallographie. Es wird gezeigt, wie jede der UV‐Unterkategorien (nahes, mittleres, fernes and extremes UV‐Licht) genutzt werden kann, um verschiedene Daten innerhalb jeder Anwendung zu gewinnen. Die anwendungsspezifischen Technologien werden ebenso angeführt wie die verschiedenen Einsatzmöglichkeiten der Wellenlängen‐Unterkategorien innerhalb dieser Anwendungen.

AbstractThis article discusses four applications for ultraviolet light, material inspection and characterization, plasma characterization, solar physics, and crystallography, and how each of these subcategories can be utilized to determine different properties within each application. This article also touches on the specific technology required for each of these applications, and subsequently each wavelength subcategory within that.

A 29-year-old G1 woman presented at 280 weeks after falling onto her abdomen. A Kleihauer-Betke test result was positive with 0.9% to 1.4% fetal cells (Figure 1, arrows; original magnification ×50), corresponding to a 54-mL fetal-maternal hemorrhage (FMH). Fetal monitoring with non-stress tests and fetal anemia studies remained normal. Thus, flow cytometry was performed confirming the presence of maternal fetal hemoglobin (5.8% HbF), but no fetal erythrocytes (Figure 2A; 50 000 red blood cells [RBC] stained with anti-fetal hemoglobin with phycoerythrin [anti-HbF PE], enabling separation of HbF-containing maternal erythrocytes from fetal erythrocytes.

Most efficacy and safety studies about medications adopt a quantitative approach, testing specific hypotheses with restricted samples. This online survey provides additional insights by directly asking people open questions. Thematic analysis was used to explore the responses of 342 antidepressant users to "Is there anything else you would like to tell us about your experience of taking medication". 59 (17.3%) made exclusively positive comments, 146 (42.7%) purely negative comments and 137 (40.0%) offered a mixture of positive and negative. Positive themes included: daily coping, life-changing/saving and stepping stone. Negative themes included: physical adverse effects, emotional and cognitive blunting, and withdrawal effects. Many participants also commented on relationships with prescribers. Collaboration was particularly valued. Negative sub-themes included failings in relation to information (especially about adverse effects and withdrawal), support, and alternatives. Clinicians have a duty to inform potential antidepressant users about positive and adverse effects, including withdrawal effects.

BackgroundMany national and regional clinical guidelines emphasise the need for good communication of information to young people and their parent/carers about what to expect during transition into adult services. Recent research indicates only a minority of young people in need of transition for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience continuity of care into adulthood, with additional concerns about quality of transition. This qualitative study explored the role that information plays in experiences of transition from the perspectives of parent/carers and young people.MethodsParticipants were recruited from 10 National Health Service Trusts, located across England, with varying service configurations. Ninety two qualitative interviews were conducted: 64 with young people with ADHD at different stages relative to transition, and 28 with parent/carers. Thematic analysis of data was completed using the Framework Method.ResultsInterviewees reported a range of experiences; however reliance on parent/carers to gather and translate key information, and negative experiences associated with poor communication of information, were universal. Three themes emerged: Navigating information with help from parents; Information on ADHD into adulthood; Information about the transition process. The first revealed the essential role of parent in the translation and application of information, the other two explored distinct types of information necessary for a smooth transition. Interviewees made recommendations for clinical practice similar to UK (United Kingdom) National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines, with an additional emphasis on providing nuanced information on ADHD as a potentially long term condition. It was important to interviewees that General Practitioners had a basic understanding of adult ADHD and also had access to information about service provision.ConclusionsOur findings illustrate that the availability and communication of information to young people and their parent/carers is an essential component of the transition process between child and adult ADHD services. How and when it is provided may support or impede transition. This study constitutes a substantial contribution to the evidence base, drawing on interviews from a range of participants across England and from Trusts offering different types of services.

The purpose of this study is to consider the factors that influence fatigue related to physical activity in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and to identify the necessary adaptations undertaken by patients to remain active. A review using a thematic synthesis methodology situated within a subtle realist paradigm was undertaken. The review was completed in three stages: 1) search of relevant studies; 2) critical appraisal of literature; and 3) thematic synthesis. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. This included a total of 263 participants of whom 243 were PwMS (159 females, 70 males and 14 unknown). The aggregated mean age was 53.3 years and aggregated mean time living with MS post diagnosis 11.3 years. Following critical appraisal, no articles were excluded. Three major themes were identified: (1) fatigue-related consequences, (2) exercise related barriers affecting fatigue, and (3) factors that make fatigue bearable for MS individuals. The thematic synthesis identified the cycle of activity and inactivity as a result of fatigue perception. Exercise experience, professional and social support, as well as the necessary adaptation of a training programme empower PwMS to adopt a more active coping strategy and enjoy the benefits of exercise. Clinicians could consider the implementation of a suitable, individualised exercise programme to reduce PwMS’s stress during physical activities.

This paper presents the first phase in the development of a new, TEI-based protocol for the encoding of promptbooks. Because the principal function of a promptbook is to record spatiotemporal events whose communicative importance supersedes that of the book in which they are recorded, current standards for digital encoding do not always apply. With the stage managerial artifacts of The. John Gray and the Canadian Stratford Festival Archives as case studies, we provide a rationale for exploring additions to the existing TEI guidelines to account for the unique characteristics of promptbooks. Cet article presente la phase initiale du developpement d’un nouveau protocole de codage TEI adopte pour des livres rapides. Puisque la fonction principale d’un livre rapide est l’enregistrement des evenements spatio-temporels dont l’importance communicative l’emporte sur celle du livre dans lequel on les ecrit, les normes de codage numerique ne s’applique pas toujours. Avec les artefacts du regisseur The. John Gray et des archives du festival de Stratford du Canada, nous fournissons une justification pour la recherche sur l’adjonction aux consignes de TEI qui rend compte des caracteristiques uniques des livres rapides. Mots-cles: codage de texte; TEI; livres rapides; textes litteraires