Social media are changing the nature of mass communication, demediating traditional media. They are being used as powerful platforms for the distribution and dissemination of information, activities, promotion of institutions, certain groups of interest of individuals, but also political actors for different purposes.Placing and disseminating information through the opportunities offered by social media enables the mobilization of a wider audience in new ways and ways. Politicians are exploiting these opportunities provided by social networks, without having to put information through journalists or traditional media. There are two theories in the literature regarding the use of social networks, optimistic and pessimistic theory. According to optimistic theory, social networks provide opportunities to compete for power. Theorists of this theory of using social media think that in the digital age, we are witnessing the transformation of information and the audience that uses them. According to them, the global success of social media has made it possible for everyone to connect directly to his audience through the platforms offered. With the use of these platforms, politicians gain attention and at the same time build a symmetrical or asymmetric relationship with their followers.Pessimistic theory, however, blames the social media for the use of false promise, and a pseudo-modernization of modern society. Studies believe that involvement in social networks and political actors at the same time implies a greater engagement of the audience that absorbs the information disclosed and affects the democratization of political competition. This paper aims to analyze the use of social networks as a means of information dissemination by Kosovar political actors and the content of the information being disclosed.The paper analyzes the posts of three key Kosovar politicians, Prime Minister Ramush Haradinaj, President Hashim Thaçi and Kosovo Assembly Speaker Kadri Veseli in their profiles on Facebook and Twitter social networks during a one-month monitoring period during May 2019

The paper "Lobbying of civil society organizations aimed at creating public policies" presents integration of theoretical, normative and comparative analysis for the civil society organizations and the application of managerial lobbying in practice. A special quality in the paper presents the empirical part of the survey in which are covered interviews with authorities from the European Parliament, the Parliament and the Government of the Republic of North Macedonia, managers of Lobbyists‘ Associations from the countries in the region, representatives of civil society organizations and institutions that are directly related to the civil sector in the country and abroad. The civil sector in Europe founds the base of its activity and creation of public policies in the management and managerial skills thus implementing the mission of civil society organizations more efficiently. It was just one of the challenges for the author of this paper to offer an appropriate model for lobbying of the civil society organizations in the RN Macedonia, but also to warn of the anomalies that have to be eliminated through the clear, methodically offered suggestions for strengthening the capacity of the management in civil society organizations. The paper contextually and conceptually follows the modern trends on academic basis which enables to enrich the scientific thought, to expand the knowledge with real examples, but also to contribute to the legality and legitimacy of the phenomenon lobbying as a relatively new scientific discipline that will generate genuine results in our region.

This article explores geography training for the countries in high school, first high school and second high school stage. Content - analysis, conceptual and situational analysis, place and themes, meaning and role, goals and expected results, vertical relationships and activities, number of school hours and new concepts, geographical algorithm for characterization of the country and principles of study, and other methodologies - didactic segments, have been tracked.Didactic models of country training in compulsory and profiled preparation have been made up. Network dependencies and intra-disciplinary synthesis between the studied countries, typical representatives of the region between primary and secondary education for compulsory and profiled preparation, are revealed.Country training covers grades V, VI, VII, IX, X and XI in compulsory and profiled preparation.The educational reform in Bulgaria since 2016 has enacted in geography and economics curricula in all classes of compulsory preparation, with the article focusing on the connection and integration between compulsory and profiled geography preparation of the countries. The processes of expanding, upgrading and deepening the educational content for geography training of the countries by classes, stages and degrees of education are explored.Contemporary trends in the development of geographical science are reflected in the curricula content of profiled geography and economics preparation.Country geography training and territorial differentiation by region in the world are part of modular training 4.The curricula regulates the countries of study by applying the traditional geographical algorithm to characterize a country: geographical location and borders; geopolitical influence in the region and the world; natural resource potential; geo - demographic processes; urban development and urbanization; economic development.Characterization of selected countries in the region is constructed regionally - territorial and typological principle in XI class: Northern Europe (Sweden), Western Europe (United Kingdom), Southern Europe (Spain), Central Europe (Poland), Eastern Europe (Ukraine), Central Asia (Kazakhstan), Far East (Indonesia), Middle East (Iran), Middle East (Israel). Profile training in XI grade promotes the development of students' abilities to reason, discuss, comment and evaluate different ideas and concepts independently, which extends the geographical culture of understanding and reasonable activity in the geographical space.The geography and economics training of the profiled preparation are set out the current and contemporary trends of geographical development - regionalization, ecologization, economization, technology, socialization.The curricula determines the training in regional geography, focusing on the formation of students' skills for: expressing critical thinking, analyzing information from different sources, developing a scientific thesis, choosing contemporary behaviors and exhibiting active citizenship, discussing the basic intra-regional problems, mapping of sub-regions, analyzing information from different sources, developing a scientific question or solving a geographic case.

In today's dynamic world, in the course of the intensive technology development, adolescent's interest is being shifted to the audio-visual technologies and the media, the values and morals are depreciated, anthropocentrism, expressed in the message "Man - the master of nature," is being enforced.The basic paradigm of our consumer-oriented daily life is creating ever more complex environmental problems, especially when interacting with the surrounding world. This determines not only the acquisition but also the subsequent deepening of the environmental competence of adolescents starting from pre-school age.This article outlines the structure of environmental competence. It shows both its individual components and the contents thereof.The article examines projective methodologies not only as a reliable but also as a necessary component of pedagogical diagnostics. It is through projective methodologies that children are able to provide impulsive responses, recognizing themselves in a particular situation. This is undoubtedly a precondition for accurate and comprehensive analysis (both quantitative and qualitative).Turning to the pedagogical reality, we can draw the following conclusion: pre-school pedagogy lacks methodologies examining the environmental competence of pre-school children. This causes us to propose in this article a standardized version of a projective methodology for studying the environmental competence of pre-school children. The diagnostic qualities of the projective methodologies vary from the ability of examining particular phenomena to the ability of examining widely generalized phenomena. Another advantage of the projective methods is the easy contact with the preschool children who will be diagnosed. It is precisely the projective methodologies that provoke impulsive associations in adolescents, thus allowing to make a more precise assessment when diagnosing the children in the studied field.The scientific purpose of the methodology we propose is to diagnose children's concepts about the influence of the anthropogenic factor on the state of the environment (as the habitat of all living creatures).We believe that the data obtained from the projective methodology we propose could effectively serve to determine the environmental competence of pre-school children.

The advent of the global financial crisis and its consequences have led the banking system to work towards more stringent regulatory rules. Additional regulatory requirements affect various aspects of banks' operations. In this regard, one of the most important questions that arises is how the implementation of the new Basel III regulatory framework affects the liquidity of banking institutions.The focus in this paper is the liquidity of the banks in the Republic of Northern Macedonia. The subject of the study is focused on the strength and direction of the impact of the new Basel III regulatory framework on their liquidity. The aim of the study is to reveal the effect of the use of modern regulatory requirements on liquidity of the banking system. A coefficient analysis is applied using a system of appropriately selected indicators: change (increment or decrease) of liquid and highly liquid assets, relative share of liquid and highly liquid assets in the structure of assets, coverage of liabilities with liquid assets, coverage of short-term liabilities with liquid assets, coverage of deposits by non-financial entities with liquid assets, “loans / deposits” ratio.The study includes observations on developments in the banking sector of the Republic of Northern Macedonia for the period 2007-2018. In terms of the impact of the new regulatory framework on banking liquidity, the twelve-year period analysed includes three distinct phases: 1) the time before the onset of the global financial crisis (until 2009); 2) the crisis period (2009 to 2012); 3) the post-crisis period (after 2012), during which the new regulatory measures are gradually moving (Basel III). For the purposes of the study, two working hypotheses are formulated: 1) first hypothesis - the new rules for regulating liquidity and capital adequacy have a negative or stagnant effect on the liquidity of banks in the Republic of Northern Macedonia, manifested in the form of sensitive fluctuations or in the form of sensitive fluctuations or a number of their financial liquidity indicators; 2) second hypothesis - the implementation of the new regulatory measures does not adversely affect banks' liquidity. The analysis of real empirical data shows that the implementation of the new regulatory measures does not have a negative impact on the liquidity of banks in the Republic of Northern Macedonia, but rather, a tendency to stabilize and improve a number of their key liquidity indicators.

With the beginning of the twenty-first century, further emphasis is placed on the global challenges in terms of security in the environment in which we live. All countries around the world are exposed to dangers which, in varying degrees and proportions, pose a threat to the individual country's physical security, wealth and interests. Such events, including natural and man-made disasters, usually create the need for large human capacities. The costs of disasters in terms of money, human suffering and effort, and lost resources can be devastating. Such threats are a diverse combination of natural forces and human actions. They can be direct and indirect. It’s not by chance that nature responds harshly to man’s activities. This includes unwise industrial, commercial, household and agricultural activities. As human beings, we build on flood plains or earthquake fault lines, make changes to riverbeds, construct sewage systems, create roads and buildings without urban planning, and cut down forests without reforesting. Air pollution, water pollution and the environment generally jeopardize the lives of people and other living things. If our activities do not cause disasters, they make response to disasters worse when they happen. Although disasters cannot be prevented or controlled in most cases, it is obvious that citizens be prepared either individually or in groups, in families, or as healthcare workers and community organizations to mitigate and lessen the damage and, when the disaster happens, to create a successful response. Knowledge is key to understanding and effectively responding to disasters of any kind. Knowledge also improves resilience – the capacity to bounce back after a disaster. Before we blame nature for disasters, we must first answer questions about our knowledge and preparation as individuals, families, and communities to respond to catastrophes. This paper examines citizen knowledge and readiness in the Balkan region for disasters. It proposes citizen emergency preparedness training (following a model used in the United States) as a means of responding to the gap in knowledge and preparation.

This report presents the author's attempt to analyze the attitude of Bulgarians towards refugees and the extent to which state institutions are prepared to adequately address the problem of integration of these persons into the country. Migration processes are not a new phenomenon for Bulgaria and for Europe, where long-standing traditions of co-existence with different immigrant communities exist, in countries such as Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and others. In recent years, a number of European countries have been confronted with a number of challenges posed by the huge refugee wave. Issues related to the integration of these communities have proved to be a politically sensitive topic across Europe, highlighting the need to debate common European models of acceptance and inclusion. The underlying principles for an EU policy on the integration of immigrants argue that integration is a bilateral process that requires the participation of both immigrants and host societies. In this context, the report also examines the tolerance of the host Bulgarian society towards refugees. It is a well-known fact that migration flows can often lead to a change in the traditional labor market, on the one hand, and, on the other, to the accumulation of risks to the country's security, such as terrorism, human trafficking, etc. There is a wealth of research that registers the growing concern about preserving cultural identity, the stability of the economic order, preserving the values of democracy and legitimacy. In this context, studies have identified a number of areas that are perceived as problematic, most often of concern and generating public fear. It is fear that is the emotional motivating factor, provoked by the potential danger of job loss and social benefits, erosion of national identity, etc. It is also important to analyze the views of local authorities on issues related to the integration of these persons in the country. Although there has been a significant decline in refugee flows since 2018, the problem of their inclusion has not yet been resolved and no one can guarantee that the situation will not surprisingly escalate again in the near or distant future. Based on a secondary analysis of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions within the project "Refugees in the Ideas of Bulgarians: Fears, Understanding and Compassion", an attempt will be made to answer the questions raised above.

The proposed material is based on the topic"Music - a universal language", assigned to students of pedagogical specialties - pre-school and pre-school and primary school pedagogy .In the form of an essay, students talk about their personal sensation, understanding,reflection, use and interpretation of music. The sincerity and immediacy of the essays give information about the universality of music as a language - complex and enigmatic, and at the same time - strongly and inexplicably affecting the senses, feelings, emotions ,thoughts. The research is aimed at revealing the individual emotional state, sensitivity and perception of young people - future teachers. Moreover,it aims at predisposing them to reflect on their personal perception of music as a factor accompanying their daily lives and inner peace. And that is because tomorrow they will raise children, stimulate and develop their creativity and self-knowledge, will form their intrepersonal relationships and orientation in the surrounding world. The freedom of the chosen form - the essay - allows the writers to express themselves - both intellectually and emotionally. As a consequence, depending on the character and temperament of the participants, their creative nature, essence, sense of art, and emotional sensitivity are revealed. Stepping out of the canon of rigorous scientific style allows a flight of creative inspiration for most students. At the same time, they make their own logical conclusions. In their thinking and sensual inventions, students do not seek a scientific explanation of the phenomenon of the universality of music. Because most of them accept music as the language of the soul.Proceeding from the personal need for contact with music, going through the various forms of expression in the musical language, comprehending its invisible imagery and real impact, young people are adamant in its versatility.Because the invisible, magical threads that connect music to the soul have no boundaries and limitations, they are the universe. As a result of the reviewed essays, conclusions have been drawn regarding the universal musical language - a means and a path to creative perception of the world and interpersonal relationships, based on creative thinking and self-knowledge.

Milling is one of the most conventional machining processes used in the industry. The cutting edge of the mill tooth periodically enters and exits from the contact with the workpiece, which leads to periodic heating and cooling during machining. This process is influenced by many output parameters and one of the most important parameters is the temperature because it affects the tool wear and tool life. Also, during the milling process the cross-section of the chip is variable. Cutting tools are expensive and have a duration that is measured in minutes and therefore, predicting temperature and tool wear during the machining process is of the great importance for the understanding and optimization of process parameters. To determine cutting temperature or temperature fields in end milling different methods can be used. During the last decades various experimental methods were developed for measuring cutting temperature. Measuring temperature with infrared thermal imaging camera is most suitable method concerning capturing values of temperature fields. An experimental approach to studying the cutting process is expensive and time-consuming, especially when a wide range of tool geometry, material, and machining parameters are included. Because of these difficulties, alternative approaches such as mathematical simulations have been developed. Numerical methods are most commonly used in those mathematical simulations. In the research field of cutting process, the finite element method is regarded as a very useful tool to study the cutting process of materials. The aim of this paper is the modeling and simulation of milling predictive temperature in the cutting zone by using the finite element method. The right choice of finite element software is very important in determining the scope and quality of the analysis that will be performed. In order to predict the occurrence of thermal processing milling was used software package Third Wave AdvantEdge. AdvantEdge contains a user-friendly interface and offers the possibility of creating new tool and workpiece geometries within the program and also to import complex geometries form other CAD files. 3D model of the workpiece and end mill was created in the software package SolidWorks. AdvantEdge also allows users to import complex geometries and have extensive material library and allows specifying new materials uses adaptive meshing to increase the accuracy of solution. Workpiece material AISI 4340 steel and tool material Carbide-General were selected from the library of 3D materials. For proper cutting conditions we have presented the results of simulation-based on which the influence of feed per tooth on the temperature in the cutting zone is analyzed.

Stress is a phenomen on that day by day is affecting the societies of all developed and developing countries.This is one of the most frequently used words since many people are facing every day with different loads, such in their jobs, in traffic, at home, and other places, and which loads sometimes become unmanageable. Constant and high intensity load and pressure give stress, which affects the quality of life and the results at work. So stressful situations, or stresors that give stress, are many, and we can find them in almost all areas where we live, but among the places, that stress is almost constant is the working place.Work can be a source of life satisfaction and self-esteem, but it can also be a source of great stress. Job stress depends on the fit of the worker to the position. Some people thrive in a high-stress, busy environment, whereas others feel overwhelmed. However, some situations are stressful for almost everybody, such as feeling as if your job is at risk or as if you can’t trust your bosses and colleagues. (Greenberg, M. 2016).Work stress exists when people perceive that they have difficulty in coping with the demands relating to work and that their sense of well-being is being threatened. (Kahatano, F. F. 2015). Occupational stress has negative effects on both the organisation and individuals employed by the organisation. In the organisation it can result in high levels of absenteeism, reduced productivity and compromised levels of patient care. (Gam, P. N., 2015) It is clear that there is stress on most of the employees in Kosovo, ann meanwhile it is indisputable, only differentiates the intensity of experienced stress. And from the stress situations could not escape even the teachers who face difficulties in their work. Teachers, in addition to the obligations they have with their students at school, sometimes have disagreement with colleagues, school principal, or other family problems that are not related to the teaching process but affect the teaching process. So the teachers, having a lot of problems and vicissitudes, feel the stress. The purpose of studying this topic is to find the factors that influence the cause of the teacher's stress. Empirical results showed that there are differences in the level of stress among elementary and lower secondary teachers and uppersecondary school teachers, whereas theuppersecondary school teachers have higher levels of stres, where the value of F=3.378 and p=0.036<0.05.Based on empirical results, it can be concluded that uppersecondary school teachers experience more stress than primary and lower secondary teachers. Regarding the level of stress, to female and masculine teachers, the value of sig. for equal variances assumed, p=0.04<0.05, whereas for the same variances not assumed, p=0.039<0.05. Both values indicate that there are statistically significant differences between female and male gender teachers regarding the level of stress at work. The results showed that most of the factors related to the workplace are related to the teachers’ stress.