Fertilizers supplant the supplements that harvests eliminate from the dirt. Without the expansion of Fertilizers, crop yields and farming usefulness would be fundamentally decreased. That is the reason mineral Fertilizers are utilized to enhance the dirt's supplement stocks with minerals that can be immediately assimilated and utilized by crops. Hence, to meet human dietary requirements in the harvests and meat we eat, we need to supplant what we take out.

Hereditarily adjusted food sources (GM food varieties), regularly called bioengineered food or transgenic food varieties, keep on being a disputable subject of conversation. Notwithstanding their broad history and boundless use, shoppers worldwide don't generally approach adequate and exact data about these food varieties

In modern years, the implementation of advanced innovations in accuracy agribusiness has been changing the manners in which those farmers treat crops and oversee fields. One doesn't need to be a specialist to perceive how the innovation has changed the idea of cultivating making it more productive, effective, more secure, and straightforward. Among different advancements, farmers have picked five they consider to be the splendid

Bacterial protection from anti-infection agents is a significant worldwide medical problem. Specialists have discovered that as certain microorganisms foster protection from one anti-infection, they can foster affectability to another simultaneously. Exchanging between these anti-infection agents might be one method of reacting to developing anti-infection opposition

The study was conducted to assess the access, supply and utilization of Improved Seed varieties with specific objectives of to assess access to improved seed Varsities, to identify seed supply system and to assess seed utilization system. The primary data were collected from sample respondents through structured questioner and from focused group discussion through checklist were as secondary data were collected from districts agricultural and natural resource office through general discussion. The study districts were selected purposively based on improved seed utilization then from the districts kebeles were selected purposively based on access to, supply and utilization of seed finally 40 sample farmers were selected proportionally to the total number of households of each kebele. The farmers having large farm sizes high experience is willing highly to use improve seeds than those of small land size and low experience. In the study area, farmers widely uses seeds, which are locally available than the seeds from formal systems because seeds from formal systems pass through long chain to reach the farmers. Access to, supply and utilization of improved seeds are critical factors for the ability of smallholder farmers to increase agricultural production and productivity, ensuring food security and improving livelihoods. But, still the sector is unable to fulfill the farmer’s needs of access to improved seed varieties of needed quantity, at expected quality and in a timely manner, mainly because of the highly centralized seed distribution system and virtual absence of seed marketing conducted by the seed producing enterprises and companies. In the study area farmers majorly purchase improved seeds from local markets and sometimes they exchange with other farmers.

Valuable leafy green vegetable kale/Brassica oleracea var. Sabellica L. also known as a curly cabbage, firstly was introduced in Armenia, and its high productivity and prospectively were studied and established in water steam hydroponics experimental modules (gully, cylindrical and continuous), classical hydroponics, as well as in soil culture. In kale revised from hydroponically different systems the raw material and the output of pharmaceutical indices (vitamin C, extractive substances, flavonoids and tannins) are higher 1.5-1.8 times and 1.2-2.3 times, respectively, compared with soil culture. Water stream hydroponics is safer radio-ecological, biotechnological method for production of raw material than classical hydroponics and soil culture.

Lack of knowledge with farmers regarding the use of optimum fertilizers rate is one of the key cause of diminishing productivity of our soil. The current study was conducted with an aim to evaluate comparison between inorganic phosphorous fertilizers and phosphorous enriched citrus waste compost in enhancing the nodulation and obtaining economical yield of mungbean. The field trail was operated in Rabi season 2018-2019 using RCB design with 8 treatments and 3 replications. Total 8 treatments were used such as T1 (Control), T2 (Citrus waste compost alone) T3 (DAP alone), T4 (rock phosphate alone), T5 (SSP alone), T6 (4% DAP enriched CW compost), T7 (4% RP enriched CW compost), T9 (4% SSP enriched CW compost) and each treatment was replicated three times. The outcomes of the field trail showed that all the phosphorous treatment has significantly affected the nodulation and grain yield of mungbean but treatments containing phosphorous enriched citrus waste compost was far better in results as compared to treatments containing alone mineral fertilizers. Treatment containing 4% DAP enriched citrus waste compost has significantly increased the grain yield, plant height and number of pods per plant up to 65%, 49% and 43% respectively significantly followed by treatments containing 4% SSP and 4% RP enriched citrus waste compost. However, in case of nodulation maximum values were obtained for treatment receiving alone RP increasing the number and mass of nodules up to 72% and 64%. It was concluded that pretreatment of DAP with citrus waste compost makes the soil favorable for long term phosphorous uptake resulting in better grain yield and yield attributes of mungbean. Though the DAP enriched citrus waste compost was best in our results, but other levels and their consequent effect on soil and crop yields should be assessed along with their environmental risks for wider and long term recommendations.

This study was initiated to investigate the effect of intercropped soybean biomass incorporation on sugar yield at Metahara Sugar Estate. The treatment consisted of combined application of four P rates and three levels of inoculation and was laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Results showed that incorporation soybean biomass treated with P and Bradyrhizobium increased the OM and available P. Sole sugarcane produced higher millable stalk when compared than sugarcane planted in intercropping. However, sole sugarcane produced inferior stalk diameter and juice purity. It was also found that significantly higher cane and sugar yields were recorded in plots amended with soybean biomass and sole sugarcane cultivation. Intercropping improved land equivalent ratio and net return compared with the sole cropping of soybean/sugarcane. Hence, these results recommend that soybean-sugarcane intercropping and the need of inoculation and P application to increase the profitability of the suggested cropping system.

Millets are important food crops in semi-arid and tropical regions of Africa and Asia. The cooking and eating quality of foods are determined by the rheological, functional and color properties of flours. In this research, four finger millet varieties (Axum, Padet, Tadese and Tesema) and one pearl millet variety (Kola-1) were collected. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rheological, functional and color characteristics of improved millet varieties grown in Ethiopia. A significant (p<0.05) variations were observed among the five millet flours in their pasting profiles. Pearl millet variety, Kola-1 showed the highest flour solubility (12.86%), pasting temperature (77.4°C) and the lowest flour swelling power (195.54 g/g), peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity, setback viscosity, final viscosity and falling number with a values of 855 cP, 293.5 cP, 561.5 cP, 540 cP, 833.5 cP and 197.5 sec, respectively compared to finger millet varieties. Padet had the highest flour water absorption index (3.24 g/g), pasting profiles (3434 cP, 1704 cP, 1730 cP, 2042 cP and 3746 cP) and the lowest pasting temperature (75.02°C). The water absorption capacity of flours was ranged from 116.11 to 120.68%, the highest for flours from Tesema. Kola-1 was significantly differed in gel length and gel consistency from other varieties and was found to have a short gel length and hard gel. In terms of color properties, Kola-1 had the highest L* (57.11) and ∆E (41.85) values for grain, b* (4.21) value for flour, b* (8.4) and ∆E (42.14) values for injera. Baking resulted in a significant reduction in L* value and increment in a* and b* color values.

Barely shoot fly is a major problem as aspect of insect pest in Ethiopia. This insect best by nature it prefer dry air condition, and its aggressiveness is very high in dry air conditions. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the barely shoot fly infestation pressure during sowing date variation due to today’s environmental change in Ethiopia; it was done in Holetta Agricultural Research Center. The experimental design was completed by randomized block design within three replications. The varieties during the research used eight food and seven malt barely varieties, these are include, Baleme, Eh1493, Dimtu, Shage, Hb1307, Hb1963, Hb1965, Hb42 and, M-21, Hb1966, Explorer, Holker, Ibon174/03, Traveler, Hb1964 and respectively. The data that were recorded, health plant, damage plant, total tiller, productive tiller and yield. As a result at early set of trial there is high number of health plant (low infestation) and high damage of plant (high infestation) (F29, 6.2 at 0.005=10.8, p<0.0001) and (F29, 1.7 at 0.005=6.9, p<0.0001) respectively compare with the rest depend variable. Due to today’s unconditional environmental changes, the land preparation and sowing date time forced to shift or postponed, so based on metrological forecast, as much as possible need to sowing at early time after the first rain showers.