ABSTRACT Right-wing attitudes are increasing in most countries. Within the countries, there is a large variation in popularity. At the same time, regions are competing against each other to attract workers. This article examines the influence of right-wing attitudes at the regional level, measured by the electoral success of right-wing parties, on labour migration at the German district level. Using an empirical strategy that combines a treatment setup with entropy balancing, we find that right-wing attitudes in a district region significantly reduce in-migration to these regions. Across different groups, we find the strongest effects for young and high-skilled individuals. With respect to out-migration, right-wing attitudes do not encourage Germans to move away but encourage them to stay. For non-Germans, the effects are reversed; they tend to leave regions with high levels of right-wing attitudes, but with the exception of highly qualified individuals, they are also more likely to move to these regions.

ABSTRACT Although Poles constitute the largest migration community in Norway, they sometimes remain invisibly present as well as tend to be stigmatized and overlooked in integration policies, specifically, language courses. As language is assumed to be crucial for professional success, knowledge of Norwegian or lack thereof may include or exclude individuals from professional spaces. Guided by the constructs of linguistic racism and Whiteness, this qualitative study drew upon narrative inquiry to gain in-depth understandings of Polish migrants’ experiences while navigating the workplace. 22 participants were recruited, each of whom was of Polish background, was employed in Norway, and used Norwegian at work. The data included semi-structured individual and focus group interviews, surveys and researcher’s reflexive journal. The findings provide nuanced insights into Polish migrants’ linguistic realities in the workplace. Specifically, the study demonstrates: (a) how participants experienced various types of linguistic racism and (b) responded by either challenging, opposing, rationalizing and/or denying linguistic racism. Results of this study can be helpful in addressing migrants’ needs in creating linguistically just workplace settings.

ABSTRACT In this paper I review recent research on climate migration, including estimates of the numbers of future migrants owing to climate change. I introduce a typology of climate migration including strategic, disaster, managed relocation and trapped populations. I draw on migration theory and findings on the integration of immigrants and refugees to suggest that a good way to manage and prepare for climate migration is for rich countries to allocate extra visas to poorer countries that are suffering the effects of climate migration, partly as reparations for climate injustice. These visas will allow strategic migrants to seed further migration by tying the countries together through social networks, and eventually will provide a co-ethnic community for disaster migrants and relocated communities. I also review research on refugees to suggest questions for researchers to answer on how best to integrate disaster migrants going forward. Finally, I review the growing intersection of climate denialism and anti-immigrant sentiment among right-wing movements. I suggest that planning for the successful integration of large numbers of migrants fleeing climate change should be a top priority not least because this success will help to preserve the social trust that is necessary for successful climate mitigation efforts.

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on how people use legal bordering processes enforced through citizenship laws to their advantage and argues that citizenship provisions may function as immigration regulation, according to the way people use them. Building on an ethnographic fieldwork carried out with binational Brazilians, Chileans and Argentinians of Italian descent, it shows how they use the Italian passport they can inherit from their ancestors through the right of blood to migrate to Europe as citizens. It observes that young South American Italians engage in new forms of migration which seem to counter the current restrictive European immigration policies and that they contribute to the recent resumption of Italian migration in the EU. This article shows that Italy’s entangled histories of citizenship, emigration and colonization explain why the descendants of Italian emigrants are so privileged by Italian legislation in terms of citizenship and mobility. It also argues that Italian provisions on ancestral citizenship acquisition contribute to a stratified migration regime based on ancestry, race and class, linking Latin America, Italy and Europe while tackling the paradoxes that South American Italians face upon ‘return’ to Italy.

ABSTRACT The challenges encountered by refugees in resource-low settings has led to increased calls for new approaches to understanding the role of digital literacies in enhancing resilience by building on the experiences of refugees in the Global South. Moreover, there have been repeated calls from within academic circles and the humanitarian sector for more inclusive approaches which de-centre outsider assumptions about refugees’ lived experience. This paper addresses these gaps in the current landscape of migration studies with an account of refugee-led participatory research with a focus on how language as a source of capital is used to enhance resilience across refugee networks when mediating health literacies. Drawing on concepts from critical multilingualism which deconstruct and decentre otherwise privileged language practices, the study illustrates how refugee family members outside Syria mediate complex health literacies as part of their everyday digital literacies for non-refugee members inside Syria, thereby enhancing the resilience of transnational family members across the network. The findings reveal how refugee-led research is best facilitated when refugees’ own language practices are a priority in research design. Working in this way illustrates how research teams negotiate power relations in their research by foregrounding research dynamics and structural hierarchies within interdisciplinary research.

ABSTRACT Despite centuries of shifting borders, European nations and states still do not perfectly align. Where they do not align, how the kin-state can aid ethnic kin in neighbouring countries may become a fraught issue in party competition. However, we know little about how the EU influences party uses of these kin-state appeals, despite their persistence over time and after EU accession. Using qualitative process tracing for the most different cases of Ireland and Hungary, I find that a country’s deeper relationship with the EU reduces the saliency and intensity of kin-state appeals, although this is contingent on the relevant neighbouring countries also being EU members. This is because proximity to EU membership reduces voter demand for urgent ‘solutions’ to the ethnic kin issue and policy discretion in implementing these solutions.

ABSTRACT This article analyzes how transnational actors navigate the tensions between federal policy, more localized power structures, and informal forms of authority in Ethiopia’s Somali Regional State (SRS). The concept of ‘diaspora capture’ foregrounds the efforts of state officials and transnational elites to take control of processes through which diaspora identities and patterns of coordination are formed and negotiated within webs of kinship and economic relations. Somali social structure has often been described as essentially ‘stateless’ or democratic to the point of anarchy, and Somali transnationalism is marked by webs of kinship-based reciprocity and informal economic practice. Nevertheless, we show that in eastern Ethiopia, post-conflict diaspora engagement since 2010 is characterized by persistent efforts of government elites and diaspora actors to gain influence over each other, reshaping the transnational terrain. We argue for more attention in transnational studies to how the conflicts and tensions between national or federal policy environments and subnational authority structures can create new fields of transnational interaction and unexpected collaborations between local governments (including autocratic ones) and diaspora constituents.

ABSTRACT Given the growing number of refugees worldwide and the disproportionate burden borne by low- and middle-income host countries, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has been seeking to expand pathways for refugees by relocating them to higher-income countries; as such, it put forward Canada’s program of private refugee sponsorship as a model to follow. Despite praise for Canada’s program, many countries hesitate to adopt it due to limited evidence on the integration outcomes of private refugee sponsorship. We address this knowledge gap by examining the case of Syrians resettled in a mid-sized city in Quebec, the only French-speaking province in Canada, using a mixed methods approach. We document the sponsorship experiences of Syrian refuges, and we estimate the effect of private vs. government sponsorship on their resettlement outcomes while controlling for pre-arrival characteristics. We find that private sponsorship offered refugees more diverse, intensive, enduring, and valued support compared to government sponsorship. Consistently with these results, our estimates show that private sponsorship could be an effective strategy for resettling refugees in medium-sized cities with respect to employment, housing, social networking, and a sense of belonging to the city, with the potential exception of acquiring the domestic language.

ABSTRACT Migration regimes in the Global North use endless waiting to discourage and govern migration. This leads to what has been described in the literature as a state of ‘waithood’. In this paper, we analyse how North African unaccompanied minors navigate the waithood they are subjected to in the asylum system in the Netherlands. We challenge the idea that waithood slows down mobility or limits it to a geographical location, and we explore mobilities that have remained unaccounted for. Based on 16 months of in-depth ethnographic fieldwork among 22 North African unaccompanied minors, we find that these young people experience alternating temporalities. While living in housing and care facilities for asylum seekers, they first experience an enforced endless present. But, dissatisfied with the endless waiting, they often leave their care facilities and engage in a period of hypermobility where they move frequently and experience time as accelerated. Through hypermobility, young people reclaim agency over time but often accumulate physical and psychological trauma in the process. The paper deepens our understanding of how the temporalities of the asylum system shape the experiences of unaccompanied minors and how youth navigate and contest such temporalities.