A multi-structured composite coating with superhydrophobic properties, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance was prepared on the surface of Mg-9Li-3Al alloy. A porous layer was formed on the substrate surface via micro-arc oxidation. Then, LDH was grown in situ on the MAO coating surface through hydrothermal treatment, sealing the pores in the coating. Finally, HDTMS-SiO₂ was assembled on the LDH surface. The SiO₂ formed an island-like micro-nano structure, trapping air and creating an “air cushion” on the coating surface，imparting superhydrophobicity (contact angle and sliding angle of 162.1 ± 2.1° and 4.2 ± 0.2°). And the corrosion resistance of the MLS coating is significantly improved the corrosion current density decreased by three orders of magnitude. The incorporation of HDTMS-SiO₂ not only improved the corrosion resistance of the coating but also significantly enhanced its wear resistance. During friction, the SiO₂ nanoparticles acted as “ball bearings,” shifting the friction mode from sliding to rolling. The fragmented SiO₂ further served as a solid lubricant, reducing the coefficient of friction to 0.11.

Children’s literature is rife with anthropomorphic or non-human characters that may be used as a scaffold to teach children about theory of mind (ToM) or the ways in which people think or feel about the social world. In this study, 107 typically developing U.K. school children in Years 1, 3, and 5 (5–10 years of age) completed a human and anthropomorphic ToM test that tested their understanding of faux pas. Specifically, children from these three age groups were given a human version of 20 faux pas stories and an identical animal version of the same stories 1 week apart (with counterbalancing between classes). Pairwise comparison showed that participants in Year 1 did significantly better on the animal ToM test compared with the human ToM test, matching ToM scores of children in Year 3. On the human version of the task, there was a clear progression in age-related ToM abilities, with older children outperforming younger children and improving when the stories were human rather than anthropomorphic. Implications and future directions are discussed, in line with theories of species specialization and the importance of anthropomorphism for children.

Este artículo analiza la relación entre dos autores, Lord Acton y Balmes, en lo que entendemos que ha sido la gran cuestión de la política moderna: la nación y el problema del nacionalismo. Se citan los textos estrechamente relacionados con el tema y se han descartado aquellos más generales o, en el caso de Balmes, de carácter más dogmático o teológico. En el caso del autor español se han seleccionado sus escritos políticos aparecidos en los diferentes medios de prensa en los que colaboró a lo largo de su prolífica carrera. Ambos autores trataron de superar por elevación la dialéctica absolutismo-liberalismo, y propusieron, cada uno a su manera, un modelo de Monarquía Constitucional que no cediese ni al nacionalismo, ni al autoritarismo. Asumieron como propias ideas renovadoras acerca de la libertad política, adaptaron a sus circunstancias las formas políticas propias del federalismo estadounidense, y defendieron la tradición, la religión y el Estado frente a los que ellos entendían que eran las dos grandes amenazas de su época que crecían al amparo del nacionalismo: el individualismo racionalista y el autoritarismo estatalista.

Five new coumarins, including three phenypropaninized coumarins edgegardnerols A–C (1–3), two bicoumarins edgegardnerols D and E (4 and 5), along with eight known analogues, were isolated and identified from the dried buds of E. gardneri. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of their NMR, IR, UV, HR-ESI-MS, and ECD data. Furthermore, the absolute configurations of the glucose moiety were confirmed by HPLC analysis after acidic hydrolysis and chemical derivatization. The cytotoxic activities of all isolated compounds were evaluated against A549 and SMMC-7721 cell lines. Among the tested isolates, compound 12 showed the most potent cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 22.65 μM and 25.83 μM in these two cell lines, respectively. Compared with cisplatin (29.78 μM), compound 12 exhibited stronger cytotoxic activity in A549 cell lines. The preliminary structure-activity relationship showed that 7-hydroxy group on coumarin skeleton was structurally required for the cytotoxity against the A-549 and SMMC-7721 cells lines.

The five linear primary and secondary alcohols, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, 2-butanol and 2-pentanol, have similar chain lengths and a little different structures and they are measured by dielectric spectroscopy in this paper to investigate the properties of monohydroxy alcohols. It is found that the dielectric spectra of isopropanol and n-butanol show an abnormal variation. i.e., the relaxation peaks with the highest strength gradually increases with rising temperature in the range of about 145 K-175 K. The analyses state that the abnormal variation originated from that of the Debye dielectric relaxation strength (DDRS) in the monohydroxy alcohols at above temperatures. According to the theoretical model of the DDRS for the monohydroxy alcohols, the abnormal variation is considered as the results of the combined action of decrease and increase of the DDRS due to temperature and the transformation of the structure of the hydrogen bonding molecular chain caused by the alteration of the mobility of molecules, respectively. By comparing the relaxation time of the five monohydroxy alcohols, it is found that the conditions should be harsher to induce the above abnormal variation. In addition, the results also show that strength parameter of Debye processes, intrinsic vibration frequency of the relaxation units and their activation energy in the high-temperature limit in secondary alcohols also raises with the increasing number of carbon atoms, similar to that in the case of primary alcohols. These results could not only provide a new breakthrough point for the investigation of exotic properties in monohydroxy alcohols but also give a reference to explore the effect of molecular chain length on their dynamics.

Tetralactam macrocycles that selectively bind gold ions have been exploited to construct porous organic polymers (POPs) and the capabilities of the latter for gold adsorption are demonstrated.