Objective: Pulses are known as a good source of protein in daily diet. These are cheap and easily available protein options ranging from Rs. 71-156 per kg. The three pulses or dal viz., split Mung (Vigna radiata, 2n=14), Tuvar (Cajanus indicus, 2n=22), and split Urad (Vigna mungo, 2n=22) were tested for comparative protein analysis and their digestibility in this work. Methods: Aqueous extracts of all three pulse samples were prepared by homogenization. The Folin-Lowry method was employed for protein quantification in all the samples. SDS-PAGE was carried out for pulse protein profiling. The in-vitro digestibility of pulses was evaluated by the Biuret method and agar well diffusion assay. Results: The results confirmed that the protein content (18.46mg/100ml) and digestibility of split Mung were the highest as compared to the other two pulses. SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed that split Mung dal showed maximum and 5 different types of protein bands ranging from 20 to 63 kDa revealing its richness in protein quality. The recommended daily intake of protein is 15 gm from 100 gm of pulses and our results showed the highest protein content in split Mung (14%). The differences in in-vitro protein digestibility of the three pulses after being incubated with trypsin were observed in the Biuret assay. The split Mung sample exhibited the maximum level of light purple color development, which was confirmed through comparison with the control. The protein in split Mung was easily broken down by trypsin, as indicated by the appearance of a well defined zone on the agar plate. Conclusion: Mung dal is a suitable protein source for the general population, individuals with health conditions, and those who prioritize their health. This is because it contains a significant amount of protein that is of excellent quality and easy to digest.

To combat drug resistance tuberculosis, new drugs and methodologies are emerging. The present study focuses on identifying new chemical entity with potent DNA gyrase inhibitory activity. DNA gyrase is a type II topoisomerase enzyme, which encodes two subunits namely gyrA and gyrB, former contains tyrosine active site, which is essential for cleavage and relegation of DNA, while the latter is required for ATP hydrolysis. A small library of 485 compounds were designed and docked into DNA gyrase core in order to identify the potential inhibitor against target enzyme. Molecular docking was performed by using Glide. The crystal structures of the target were retrieved from RCSB PDB. The docking was performed by 3 modes namely HTVS, SP and XP. Prime MM-GBSA was used to calculate binding affinity and energy interactions are studied and hydrogen bond distance was calculated. All the designed compounds showed significant activity with A34 and A232 displaying maximum binding score.

Background: Reduction is one of the major chemical processes that takes place in life and laboratory as observed in photosynthesis (carbohydrates) and addition of hydrogen atoms to unsaturated compounds (alkenes, alkynes and carbonyls) respectively. Objectives: A reaction mechanism is proposed for a new variant of “selective” reduction using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and iodine (I2). Methodology: Three compounds namely, gallic acid, vanillin and caffeic acid were separately reduced by sodium borohydride in iodine and the obtained products identified. Results: The identities of the reduced products had been revealed to be 3, 4, 5-trihydoxycyclohexyl methanol, o-methoxy-p-methyl cyclohexan-1-ol and 1-(3, 4-dihydroxy phenyl)-2-propen-3-ol (3, 4-benzenediol-2-propen-3-ol respectively in previously documented studies. Expectedly, the first two start-up compounds had their carbonyls (-C= O) groups reduced. In addition, the aromatic endocyclic double bonds (-Ar-C= C) were similarly reduced which introduced a new twist (variant) to this particular reduction hence the essence of the proposed reaction mechanism. However, the third compound had only its -C= O reduced while the double bonds (endocyclic and exocyclic) were left unreduced. Conclusion: The reaction mechanism for this variant of reduction shows that the associated electromeric and hyper-conjugation effects are resonance- stabilized in the transfer of electrons and or bonds over the carbon atom positions in the gallic acid which also serves as a reference for vanillin. This reaction mechanism is given trivial appellation- Olawale reduction mechanism.

The research investigates the potential of phytochemical constituents found in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) to inhibit the PTEN tumor suppressor gene, which is frequently mutated in endometrial cancer. Endometrial cancer, primarily adenocarcinomas, is often linked to genetic mutations, particularly in the PTEN gene, which is crucial for regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT pathway. This study leverages biocomputational analysis to identify bioactive compounds in tomato peel, pulp, and seeds that could serve as alternative inhibitors to the PTEN gene, comparing their efficacy to the control drug Lenvatinib mesylate. The methodology involved preparing the PTEN protein structure, retrieving phytochemicals from tomatoes, and performing molecular docking to assess binding affinities. The top three ligands from each tomato component were selected based on their binding energies and underwent ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) analysis to evaluate their drug-likeness. Results indicated that several tomato-derived compounds exhibit binding energies comparable to or better than Lenvatinib mesylate, suggesting potential as natural therapeutic agents. The study concludes that tomato phytochemicals, particularly those with high binding affinities, hold promise for developing dietary supplements aimed at treating endometrial cancer with potentially fewer side effects than conventional drugs.

The development of nanotechnology has brought diagnosis and therapy closer together, making theranostic compounds a promising area of study. Theranostic substances can both diagnose and treat a patient's condition. For their potential use in treating a wide range of ailments, including cancer, TB, diabetes, etc., metallic nanoparticles are currently the subject of intensive research. Modern nanotechnology allows for the precise assembly of medicinal chemicals onto metallic nanoparticles, which can then be used for targeted drug delivery, illness detection, and even imaging. Problems that must be solved before metallic theranostic agents can be successfully implemented in clinical settings include their complicated design, instability, toxicity, drug release regulation, mass production, and the potential for behavioral, psychological, and metabolic side effects. This article reviews the recent progress made in using metallic nanoparticles like gold, carbon, and iron oxide nanoparticles as theranostic agents. We also provide a brief summary of the various imaging properties of metallic nanoparticles. Finally, this in-depth analysis discusses new patents associated with metallic nanoparticles as a theranostic agent.

The physiological functioning of the human body depends on vitamin D as a source of minerals. Numerous ailments like bone health, cancer, heart issues, infectious diseases, and CNS are brought on by its shortage. The body's vitamin D insufficiency can be caused by a variety of things, including a person's diet, lifestyle, and geographic location. Blood levels of vitamin D can be maintained through a variety of means, including vitamin D supplements, vitamin D medications, and lifestyle changes. A pharmaceutical company with its main office in India called Ambrosiya Neo-Medicine Pvt. Ltd. has introduced a food-grade vitamin D pill based on lichen to address the global problem of vitamin D deficiency's consequences. In Dr. JAIN's Precision Diagnostic Centre, a comparison study of conventional vitamin D and lichen-based pills was done on ten patients who were vitamin D deficient. The results of the vitamin D level after 48-hours have shown that the lichen-based vitamin D is absorbed at a higher rate than regular vitamin D. We anticipate Ambrosiya’s supply of vitamin D supplements made from lichen, and it can make a big difference to the government's attempts to address the problem of vitamin D insufficiency in people everywhere.

In the early 20th century in the United States, vitamin D fortification of food products was essential to the eradication of rickets. Since then, there has been a nearly 100-year period of building evidence connecting vitamin D insufficiency to a number of outcomes, which has coincided with growing public interest in and knowledge of the health advantages of vitamin D. Vitamin D supplements are now widely available in both developed and developing nations, and many of them are supplied to the general public in the form of unregulated formulations with minimal information about safe administration. Together, these factors have caused a shift in which incidences of vitamin D intoxication have dramatically increased across the globe. Vitamin D toxicity is characterised by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)2D] values greater than 150 ng/ml (375 nmol/l) due to vitamin D overdose. Clinicians now have to manage an illness that might manifest as anything from asymptomatic problems to severe, life-threatening ones. A study of lichen-based vitamin D3 pills has been performed and analysed by different tests.

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the gingiva, Periodontal ligament, cementum and Alveolar bone. Treatment of such a disease is targeted at initial reduction of primary microbial burden followed by repair of existing periodontium and by regenerative procedures wherever required. Bone is a modified form of connective tissue with lifelong dynamic changes in its metabolism. Current advances in the field of regeneration suggest the use of agents which could alter, enhance, speed up or inducing bone formation at desired sites aiding in regenerative therapy and reducing reliance of external substitutes or grafts. Objective: To establish the additive effect of Melatonin on Osteoblast differentiation using Alkaline phosphatase as an indicator and the time required to record the same in-vitro. Data Sources: A search was executed in electronic database (i.e., PUBMED CENTRAL, COCHRANE, LILAC, EUROPEAN PMC, SCIENCEDIRECT, GOOGLE SCHOLAR) using following search terms alone and in combination by means of PUBMED search builder from January 1990 up to July 2020. Study Eligibility Criteria: Studies were stipulate if they met the following criteria: In vivo or In vitro studies comparing the additive effect of melatonin on Osteoblast differentiation rate using Alkaline phosphatase as an indicator were selected. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods: From a total of ten studies four studies claimed additive benefits of Melatonin in increasing Osteoblast differentiation rate or Osteogenic potential amongst Mesenchymal stem cells which was quantified using Alkaline Phosphatase. Results: The included article suggest without a doubt that Melatonin increases Osteoblast differentiation rate or Osteogenic potential among different Mesenchymal stem cells which was quantified using Alkaline Phosphatase, despite heterogeneity with regards to time duration, concentration and involved cell line. Conclusion: Although Melatonin was found to have a beneficial effect on osteoblast, myoblast, bone marrow stem cells of different origins, the present systematic review did not furnish concrete evidence to show the exact effect, concentration required, and time taken to visualize these clinical benefits.

Cress or garden cress (Lepidium sativum) has been widely reported for its numerous pharmacological activities. The cress seeds possess numbers of nutraceutical values from rubefacient, galactogogue, laxative to diuretic properties. In the current study mucilage is extracted from the seeds of Lepidium sativum by different methods and further purified exploiting the method of Munir et al. with slight modification. Chemical characterization confirmed the presence of carbohydrate, mucilage and polysaccharide. Proximate analysis confirmed the presence of crude fats, proteins, fibers and carbohydrates. FTIR analysis of Lepidium sativum mucilage shows presence of O-H, C-H and C=O functional group. We further investigated the prebiotic potential of Lepidium sativum L. seeds mucilage on different lactobacilli strains. The quantification of the total reducing sugar in the mucilage was attained by Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometric method. The mucilage exhibited efficient resistance against α-amylase and artificial gastric juice hydrolysis compared to standard prebiotic inulin. The mucilage also exhibited efficient activity necessary for the augmentation of almost all strains of lactobacilli. In vitro studies also exhibited that lactobacilli amount was at par to standard prebiotics (p<0.05) in the medium supplemented with the mucilage. Further stability studies confirmed the stability of L. sativum mucilage over a period of six months making it a potential prebiotic nutrient supplement and pharmaceutical excipient.

Why have we chosen this research question dedicated to Narcissistic Personality Disorders and Sexuality? This comes from vast clinical practice, in Psychiatry and Mental Health, which empirically highlights what appears to be a mature and cohesive mental structure within the individual’s psychic and sexual development with man and woman, each one well defined internally and externally what it is and feels, as well as its association with health or mental illness in terms of Personality Disorder being inevitable. At the heart of the importance of this study is an imbalance in their psychosexual development that is revealed latently or is manifested in the therapeutic approach of patients (mainly narcissistic and borderline), and there is already a history of studies on this topic. We defined a methodology whose study design, selection of participants, and sample size best reflected to our objectives, expecting to deepen the results and provide answers to the initial questions. These became clearer with the selection (inclusion/exclusion) of individuals for the Experimental and Control Groups, Clinical Interviews and Questionnaires over the years, which, in an objective way, reveals an unavoidable reality: the psychosexual development of the individual, in terms of Masculinity/Femininity, conditions and is conditioned by Personality Disorders in general, and Narcissistic and Borderline in particular. Soon it will be possible for us to objectify (qualify/quantify) the results that will be made available to the scientific community, for a better understanding of the Disease and Mental Health, with the final objective of its acceptance, consideration and therapeutic evolution.