In Romania, the financing of sports, particularly sports clubs, is predominantly sourced from public funds (whether from the state, county, or local budgets), depending on the regulations in force. This research focuses on the study of European and national sports policies and the various forms of financing for sports clubs. Sport is a fundamental human right, recognized by major international organizations and addressed by European sports policy, which has been gradually implemented over decades. Every society needs to prepare to acknowledge sport as a right for every individual. Generally, in most European countries, societal preparation for sports practice is more intensive and varied compared to Romania. In Romania, reforms in the sports sector lag significantly behind those in other countries and fall short of Romanian expectations regarding sports. Additionally, financial resources are often insufficient. The legislation needs to be revised, addressing both the methods of financing and the sources of these funds. Increased involvement from both the private sector and the government is necessary; otherwise, the quality of sports will deteriorate, and those excelling in sports may choose to compete in other countries or clubs where conditions and financial support are more favorable. Compared to the situation in Romania, the synthesis of sports club financing across different European countries reveals a significant disparity. Most European countries have recognized that sport is a key driver of economic development and have longestablished programs to support and develop community sports initiatives.

Dancing, similarly to all sports, requires excellent stamina and mobility. It improves physical performance, sense of rhythm, mental and psychological development, and shapes personality. Our research examined dance's effect on high school students' fitness status. Our goal was to explore the role of dance education within school frameworks in developing individual abilities and skills. Therefore, we examined the effect of school dance programs on fitness and compared the outcome with the results of students who only participated in daily physical education classes. Furthermore, we studied the effect of folk dance on the performance of students who have dance and physical education classes at school. During our research, we carried out the NETFIT (National Uniform Student Fitness Test) test, as well as an online survey at three schools: Ferenc Medgyessy Grammar School and Vocational Technical School in Debrecen, at Nyíregyháza Art Vocational High School and Esze Tamás Grammar School in Mátészalka. The students of these schools participated in three different exercise programs. The members of the first group had dance classes only, the students of the second group took part in physical education classes besides dancing, and those in the third group did not participate in any form of dance movement at school. The research results show that dance, besides its influence on personality development, has a beneficial effect on fitness and is essential in creating a healthy lifestyle. The outcome of the tests proves that students who, in addition to physical education, participate in a dance exercise program reach significantly higher performance and fitness levels. The results also highlight that many students participating in the dance program choose some kind of sports activity outside school as a hobby.

Physical preparation is one of the most important components of sports training, supporting specific technical expressions to achieve sports performance. The lack of physical preparation in the training process for 10–12-year-old children, in the football game, can lead to the impossibility of developing the technical and tactical attributes they need during the match. The 10-12 years age group represents the most accessible period in the process of training young footballers. Thus, it is possible to act efficiently on the development of motor qualities, speed, and coordination, and motor qualities determined in the game of football at this age category. Thus, this study aims to evaluate and develop the main motor qualities we act on at this age in the football game. For the evaluation and development of the two qualities, a battery of tests was prepared that evaluates the speed and coordination of the players, and training plans were created to develop these determining motor qualities in the game. At the end of the research, it was observed that the progress between the initial and final testing is obvious, with the majority of players making progress between the two tests.

New activities during physical education and sports classes attract children to the desire to exercise. This study, which involves two hours a week for a school year (8 months), in which children can experience new materials and learning tools during sports lessons, will improve their coordination and motor skills. The tests that the subjects of the experimental group will complete will bring coordination skills and the development of sensory perception. 3 of the tests used are for the development of kinesthetic sensitivity and 1 test will be for sensory-motor coordination. The results will show significant differences between the experimental and control groups after carrying out the program with the new work materials. In conclusion, the program carried out in the physical education and sports classes for two semesters led to significant improvements in terms of sensory-motor coordination and kinesthetic sensitivity of 10-14-year-old secondary school students.

The Romanian society is currently facing numerous challenges, among which the issue of school dropout is becoming increasingly prominent. The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship between the perception and motivation of the target group (students in higher grades at risk of school dropout) to participate in the Varadinum Summer School, organized under the auspices of the University of Oradea - Faculty of Geography, Tourism, and Sport, and funded through the ROSE financing program. In this context, the organization of summer schools represents a serious alternative with beneficial effects in curbing school dropout. The obtained results will be utilized to optimize the selection process for the future target group and enhance the organizational management of the 2024 edition of the Varadinum Summer School.

Rhythmic gymnastics, a distinguished discipline within the Olympic sports family, exemplifies a sophisticated blend of athleticism and artistic expression, categorizing it as a technicalcombinatory sport where precise motor control is paramount. This study investigates the relationship between academic performance in subjects requiring logical and mathematical reasoning and the proficiency of gymnasts in handling rhythmic gymnastics apparatus. Through the analysis of statistical data and mathematical assessments, the research aims to determine the impact of mathematical skills on executing complex and high-risk elements in rhythmic gymnastics routines. The findings reveal a significant correlation between mathematical test scores and gymnasts' performance, indicating that cognitive abilities in logical and mathematical reasoning substantially enhance the athletes' capability to perform intricate maneuvers with precision and control. This suggests that success in rhythmic gymnastics is not solely dependent on physical attributes but is also significantly influenced by cognitive skills. These results underscore the importance of integrating cognitive training into athletic preparation to achieve excellence in rhythmic gymnastics.

Literature on special interest tourism has been expanding over the past 25 years. Although the growth of research interest and scholarship is relatively recent, the phenomenon of special interest tourism is not new and many of its forms enjoy a long history. Nevertheless, most existing international scholarship concentrates on contemporary issues. Against this background the aim is provide an alternative historical perspective on special interest tourism. Archival sources are used to analyse the evolution of sea angling as a recreational sport and incipient form of special interest tourism in South Africa. Arguably, sea fishing was a tourism asset and contributed to coastal resort development. In addition, as far back as the 1920s and 1930s tourism promotion in South Africa related to potential opportunities linked to special interests such as coastal recreational fishing.

The interplay between tourism and dog ownership presents a unique set of challenges and opportunities for sustainability. The relationship between tourism, dog ownership, and sustainability forms a complex nexus that is becoming increasingly relevant in contemporary socio-economic and environmental contexts. Tourism significantly impacts local economies and environments, and its relationship with dog ownership manifests in various ways. Tourist destinations that promote pet-friendly policies can see an increase in visitor numbers as dog owners are more inclined to visit places where their pets are welcomed. This can lead to increased spending in these areas but also poses potential sustainability challenges such as increased waste production and environmental degradation. Conversely, the presence of dogs in tourist areas can enhance the visitor experience, encouraging longer stays and promoting mental and physical well-being through pet interaction. This aspect can lead to a more sustainable form of tourism that values longer visits over quick, high-impact travel. However, managing the environmental impact of a larger number of pets, including waste management and habitat disturbance, is crucial for sustainability. Sustainability in the context of tourism and dog ownership also extends to the practices of accommodations and tourist attractions, such as the provision of eco-friendly pet amenities, promoting responsible pet ownership, and ensuring that tourism development does not harm local wildlife and ecosystems.