This study aims to reveal the railway networks, industrialization, and development of Langsa, Aceh in 1907-1943s. In the early 1900s, Langsa was designed as a Government Center and a new economic center on the East Coast of Aceh. However, Langsa was not yet connected to the railway networks, so it was necessary to build a railway line as one of the supporting infrastructures. The construction of the railway networks changed many things, ranging from urban landscape, economy, politics, to socio-culture. To pursue the aim of this study, historical methods consisted of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography were applied. The sources used were colonial archives, contemporary newspapers, contemporary magazines, and other relevant sources. This study found that the construction of the railway networks in Langsa was part of the Dutch colonial government's strategy to maximize economic benefits in the eastern coastal region of Aceh by building connectivity from the North and South regions. The development of the railway networks also had an impact on the growth of the economy, the mobilization of a dynamic population, the growth of good infrastructure for travelers, facilitating communication networks, to encourage the emergence of various types of new professions. However, the construction of the railway networks played a role in environmental damage in the eastern coastal region of Aceh as well as gave insignificant impact on the development of Aceh's indigenous human resources.

This research aims to discuss Sulianti Saroso as one of the important figures in the development of maternal reproductive health in Indonesia. Specifically, this research is focused on the period 1950-1961 based on Sulianti Saroso's many ideas related to maternal reproductive health which she pioneered while serving as Head of the Maternal and Child Welfare in Indonesia during that period. To understand her thoughts, the author used several primary sources in the form of ego documents including the memoirs of Sulianti Saroso's first child, the archives of Sulianti's biography that she wrote herself, as well as the archives of Sulaiman’s biography. To support this research, the author also used her interviews’s archives from Kedaulatan Rakyat Newspaper as well as some newspapers from the National Library of Indonesia, Solo Press Museum, and Dhelper. Meanwhile, for data analysis, the author used five stages of historical research, namely topic selection, source collection, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The results of the analysis then highlighted that as a figure who represents intellectual women, Sulianti's thoughts have a major contribution relevant to the development of maternal reproductive health in Indonesia. In conclusion, Sulianti Saroso can be considered as a significant figure in Indonesian health development.

This study aims to discuss Giorgio Agamben’s rethinking education theory. In the theory of rethinking education, Giorgio Agamben emphasizes that potential can only be thought of in term of impotence. The results of the discussion find several points. First, when potency and impotency are separated from each other, it can be considered as a graded education system in which some students are instructed to actualize their potential in the form of standardized tests while others are abandoned by the system. Second, thinking impotence allows to rediscover the uniqueness of learning beyond the formulation of learning problems. Thus, without the concept of impotence, the discourse of 'child genius' becomes commodified as a force to be utilized and actualized in the name of neoliberal entrepreneurship. In short, we can reclaim genius and its relation to the issue of educational freedom only by returning to impotence.

This study aims to understand the structure, content, and aspects of sexuality based on patriarchal ideology in Lontar Usada Rukmini Tatwa, considered as a cultural text. Thus, to pursue the aim of this study, critical discourse analysis was applied to analyze the text since this analysis technique could deconstruct, interpret, and read cultural texts. The lontar's contents then were analyzed through the following steps, namely conceptualization, conceptualization results, proof, and objectivation. The results of the analysis showed that the structure of the lontar consists of the opening, introduction, content, and the space and time of writing. The results also revealed that the lontar contains recipes for women's beauty and health, husband's courage, sperm health maintenance, and ways to have children for married couples. The contents of the lontars are legitimized religiously and magically so that people believe more in their efficacy. And, it is also found that the contents of this lontar are dominated by erotic and reproductive sexuality discourses based on patriarchal ideology associated with Hinduism. This is symbolized through the phallus as a medium to control women. In conclusion, Lontar Usada Rukmini Tatwa can not only be referred to as an erotic and reproductive sexuality cultural text, but also an ideological cultural text based on Hinduism.

Biosemiotics delves into the examination of meaning, communication, and signs within every living microorganism. This research endeavors to interpret the Qur'anic passage "wajalna minal maa' kulla syai'in hayyin," which translates to "we make water molecules as a source of signs of life." Its objective is to discern and elucidate the microbial presence within the water molecule by scrutinizing the term الْمَاۤءِ 'water' in surah al-Anbiya' verse 30 through a scientific lens, thus acting as a juncture between biology and semiotics. Employing a qualitative approach and content analysis as the methodological framework, the research encompasses stages of data collection, processing, interpretation, and presentation of findings. The study adopts Saussure’s Dyadic Model as the theoretical foundation to construe the meaning of semiotic signs of water from a biological perspective. The outcomes of the research underscore the existence of microorganisms within the water molecule, signifying the evolution of life, thereby enabling a reconfiguration of the term 'alma'' into the realm of semiotic signs through the synthesis of ideas in studies of semiotic-biology. Biosemiotics perceives the evolution of life and semiotic systems as distinct yet interlinked studies, both striving to reconstruct the same underlying meaning.

This article explores the phenomenon of popular names for ornamental plants in Indonesia, emphasizing their role as both identifiers and representations of economic value. The popularity of these names is categorized based on their alignment (or lack thereof) with different parts of the ornamental plants. Employing a descriptive linguistic approach, the reference attributes of popular names are systematically grouped, followed by an image search and identification of their biological counterparts. The study also traces the elements contributing to the formation of names and their lexical meanings, incorporating both internal and external equivalents. Interviews with traders and collectors further support the meaning search, employing directional techniques and documenting substantive ethnographic patterns. A total of 85 names were collected from ornamental plant traders and collectors, supplemented by data from specialized YouTube channels. These popular names are further classified into nine categories based on plant attributes, such as structure (stalks, leaves, stems, and flowers), time, character, place, sound, and direction. The diversity in plant naming correlates with a complexity that extends beyond language, namely social class, selling price, and aesthetic considerations. Additionally, the naming process revolves around human preferences for convenience, practicality, and cultural phenomena. Changes in the naming of ornamental plants in Indonesia have substantial implications for shifting trends in people's preferences, as evidenced by the dimming landscape of post-pandemic YouTube channels and the ornamental plant market.

The aim of this study was to explore the life experiences of Madurese women who entered into early marriages. Employing a qualitative research methodology with a phenomenological approach, the study encompassed nine Madurese women residing in Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan, and Sumenep districts as participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection. Additionally, in this phenomenological study, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was employed for analysis. Through the data examination, eleven superordinate themes emerged, coalescing into four main themes. The findings of the study illuminated that the experience of early marriage among Madurese women was a dynamic process shaped by various facets of their lives. This encompassed deeply ingrained cultural beliefs, perspectives on marriage, the presence of arranged matches, and strategies for managing conflicts within their marital unions.

During the early phases of frontier expansion in East Sumatra, a notable surge in mortality rates, particularly within plantations, was observed due to widespread disease outbreaks. This study aims to illuminate the array of health issues linked to epidemics in East Sumatra, as well as the concerted efforts to mitigate them. Employing the historical method, the research encompasses four distinct stages: heuristics (source acquisition), source critique, interpretation, and historiography. Important sources include reports from plantation physicians, colonial health service documentation, and contemporaneous secondary references. Photographic evidence from the period is also incorporated to strengthen the analysis. The findings underscore East Sumatra's status as a plantation frontier, susceptible to a spectrum of outbreaks encompassing cholera, dysentery, malaria, and various other tropical diseases. These outbreaks elevated mortality rates. Subsequent enhancements to health services were implemented, including the establishment of proper hospitals, construction of quarantine facilities, tropical health research initiatives, vaccination campaigns, and advances in sanitation practices. Consequently, the mortality rate registered a significant decline.

This study aims to reveal deeper and different meaning of an inanimate object, specifically umbrella, from naked eye's perspective in The Blue Umbrella Film. The Blue Umbrella Film, an animated short film directed by Saschka Unsled, employs inanimate objects as the characters as seen through the distinct human's facial expression painted on the black, blue, and red umbrellas To pursue the aim of this study, qualitative method was conducted together with Saussure's semiotic theory. The results showed that the black umbrellas signified as the majorities, while the blue and red umbrellas signified as the minorities. The black umbrellas also signified as a group of office workers as well as members of Sexual and Gender Majority. On the other hand, the blue and the red umbrellas signified as the members of Sexual and Gender Minority. In short, the movie highlights an encouraging message that it is okay to be different from the majority's choice.

This paper aims to expose the hidden value within the conventional homosexual narrative depicted in "A Small Triumph," a short story by Perry Brass. The analysis is underpinned by key concepts concerning homosexual relationships, gaydar, and Down Syndrome (DS). Employing a comprehensive approach, the study utilizes the library research method for data acquisition. The textual examination is concentrated on delineating the characters and conflicts, while the contextual approach employs concepts related to homosexuality and Down Syndrome to gain deeper insights into the characters and their conflicts. The overall analysis is presented through a qualitative lens. The findings elucidate the intricacies of the homosexual relationship between a youth with DS and an unsuccessful mature writer. Their mutual dependence catalyzes personal growth, with each taking turns to navigate the path towards their ultimate triumph as a homosexual couple.