Journal of Contemporary Teacher Education is an annual publication ofSecondary Teacher Education Department, Faculty of Education, AllamaIqbal Open University, Islamabad. Articles published in the journal areselected on the basis of quality. Views expressed in the journal are thoseof authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Journal ofContemporary Teacher Education

The current quantitative study was designed to ascertain the utilization ofthe Non-Salary Budget (NSB) by engaging members of the SchoolCouncil (SC) in the government schools of Punjab (Pakistan). The study'smajor aim was to identify the gap in the utilization of the problems suchas transparency, and participation of members of school councils'problems regarding no salary budget (NSB) the public schools. Thisstudy's nature is descriptive. The population of this study comprised allrural and urban boys' and girls' public secondary schools situated in theDistrict of Bahawalpur. A sample of 400 participants in 20 schools waschosen through a multistage sampling procedure. A self-preparedquestionnaire was distributed among the randomly selected sample of 356school heads, teachers, clerks, and school council members. Data wereanalyzed through statistical methods for frequency, percentage, mean ofthe data, Standard Deviation, and t-test. The results indicated that theschool committee's role is to enhance educational facilities by using NSB.It faces a lack of parents' support regarding children's academic progress.It is recommended that regular pieces of training for school heads andschool council committee members may be conducted after short periods.Orientation training about the role, responsibilities, and authorities ofmembers of the school council must be conducted at the stage ofcomposing a new school council committee at the Tehsil level.

Methodology bears very concrete role-in the-teaching learning-processto convey any learning material, psychologists and educationists haverecommended both cognitive and behavioral methods in this regard.Storytelling method is one of these methods being applied in theclassroom teaching. Storytelling involves two-way encounters betweena storyteller and one or more listeners. The answers of the listeners affectthe plot. In reality, storytelling arises from the engagement and mutual,organized efforts of the storyteller and the audience. This study wasaimed at investigating the method of increasing the memory of studentsof class 4th in the subject of English. Objectives of the study were: (i) toanalyze the effectiveness of storytelling method of teaching, (ii) to findout the impact of storytelling method on the memory increase ofstudents, (iii) to explore the motivational effects of storytelling methodon students, (iv) to investigate the effects of storytelling method onreading fluency of students. The study population was all girls inNowshera district primary schools. As a sample of the report, 40 grade 4students from a Government Girls Primary School were taken. Thesestudents were divided into two classes, which were experimental andcontrolled by random pair sampling on the basis of pre-test and post-test.Pre-test and post-test were used as analysis tools; the data obtained wastabulated and analyzed using t-test and percentage in the light of thestudy objectives. The analysis of the collected data revealed thefollowing findings. It was concluded from the results that Storytellingmethod had significant effect on students’ achievement and the learnertook interest in the learning. The result of the study showed thatstorytelling method had significant impact on memory increase ofstudents. Hence it is recommended that teachers may teach elementarysubjects through storytelling methods and Government should arrangeteacher’s refresher course for storytelling method. It is recommended that teachers should adopt the storytelling method while teaching atelementary level. It was concluded that storytelling method hadsignificance motivational effect on students.

In the present study, we examined the relationship between parental controland secondary level students’ attitude towards studies. The population ofthe study was the male and female Secondary level students and theirparents of all the boys’ and girls’ government secondary schools of TehsilSargodha. A sample of 150 students of the10th class and their parents wereselected on an availability basis from the randomly selected 30 secondaryschools including 10 Boys and 20 Girls schools. Two self-developedresearch instruments including one for parents’ control and the other forstudents’ attitude were used. To analyse the data, statistical calculationsincluding frequency, percentage, mean score, standard deviation, t-test,one-way ANOVA and correlation were used. The findings showed that theparents with more public dealing professions tend towards the strict andhighly strict level of parental control and there exist a positive and moderaterelationship between parental control and students’ attitude towards studies.The study recommends that parent teacher regular meetings may beorganized for parents ‘awareness to adopt better control strategy.

Assessment, undoubtedly, plays a significant role, not only in helpingstudents learn but also in improving instruction. Using assessmentpractices mentioned in the National Professional Standards for Teachersin Pakistan (2009) as an analytical framework, this qualitative studydocumented the assessment practices of practicum supervisors from threemajor teacher preparation programs (TPPs) in Rawalpindi and Islamabad.Faculty members who had served practicum twice and student teachersfrom the VIII semester were the participants. The main data sources -interviews and focused group discussion, were transcribed verbatim andcoded using provisional themes. The analysis revealed that practicumsupervisors from the three TPPs were not following NPSTP as a guide toassess student teachers’ (STs) teaching. This study underscores the role ofpracticum supervisors in improving learning experiences for STs duringpracticum and identifies the current assessment practices to suggestfocusing on all the aspects i.e., lesson planning, management, assessment,and teaching, and should use the NPSTP’s assessment rubric for STsassessment to make practicum more beneficial and productive.

Motivation donates to a person's desire, need, or urge to perform any action.Motivational orientation defines the reasons working behind the motivation toperform that action or achieve the goal. The study was planned to explore theeffects of motivational orientation on the learning of drawing in students withintellectual disabilities (ID). A stratified random sampling technique was usedto select 200 students with ID (147 male, 53 female) from Lahore Divisionbelonging to the age range 10 to 21 years. The Scale of Intrinsic versusExtrinsic Orientations in the classroom Questionnaire (IEO) developed byHarter (1981) containing 30 items (score 1 describes most extrinsic and score4 describes most intrinsic) was used to identify the motivational orientation ofthe students with ID. Beery VMI 6th.ed (Beery, 2010) containing 24 drawingshapes were administered to explore the learning of drawing skills in thestudents with ID. Both scales were found to be reliable for the given populationas the alpha reliability of IEO and Beery VMI were 0.953 and 0.950respectively. Results obtained by using the statistical techniques of ANOVA,correlation, and regression analysis indicated that ID students with intrinsicmotivation have a significant positive relationship with drawing learningwhereas extrinsic motivation was found to be negatively correlated with thelearning of drawing. It was recommended that intrinsic motivationalorientation should be developed in students with ID so that their learning couldbe enhanced.

Teacher empowerment strategies are essential for a positive organizationalidentity. School heads are expected to use a variety of empowermenttechniques to maximize the potential of their faculty members, inspire themin various ways, and motivate them to work. The current study intends toinvestigate the teacher empowerment strategies of secondary school headsin Punjab, Pakistan. A study was based on a qualitative research design.The semi-structured interview protocol was used to collect data. Apurposive sampling technique was used. The sample was comprised of 57secondary school teachers. Data were analyzed through the thematicanalysis technique. The findings show that school heads have given theirstaff members greater autonomy by fostering opportunities for group
 decision-making, praising employees for good work, increasing self-efficacy, and promoting effective teacher collaboration. However, school
 heads have less focus on professional growth opportunities, supportingteachers' autonomy, and improving their status.

The majority of the successful organizations of the world are using personality assessment tests like Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) for recruitment and selection (R&S), and to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of their high performing employees. MBTI research divides humans into 16 categories and also proposes that those having specific personality traits can adopt the teaching profession, as it suits their personality. Employers in Pakistan hardly use any personality assessment tools for recruitment and selection, and still rely on more conservative methods like ‘interviews’.

The study aims at probing the effect of Bar Model Technique on the word problem solving skills of primary level students in the subject of mathematics. Following were the objectives (i) to determine the effect of Bar Model Technique on student’s mathematical word problem solving skills; (ii) to compare the academic achievements of male students and female students by using Bar Model Technique. It was experimental study and pretest-posttest equivalent group design was used as a tool for data collection in this study. Sample of the study was 40 students (Male & Female) of Government Primary School District Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The sample students were divided in two group control and experimental on the base of pretest score by using paired random technique. Data were analyzed by mean, SD and t- test.

This study investigates how the cooperative learning-based flippedclassroom paradigm affects the English language ability of Chineseuniversity students in an EFL (English as a Foreign Language) setting. Itwas decided to use a quasi-experimental study approach. In an integratedskills course, the experimental group engaged in flipped classroomactivities based on cooperative learning (CL) for 80 minutes over the courseof 24 sessions. Only standard whole-class instruction was given to thecontrol class. The students’ spoken English proficiency was evaluatedusing an oral pre- and post-test before and after the intervention. Thenational written CET4 (College English Test Band 4) scores were adoptedfor comparing their general proficiency. The quantitative results revealedthat the experimental class made greater gains in oral proficiency than thecontrol class. Despite the fact that there was no significant difference in thewritten CET4 scores (general proficiency) between the two classes, theexperimental class had a greater pass rate than the control class. Thedeployment of the CL-based flipped classroom paradigm in the EFLenvironment is further examined in connection to the results.