A specimen collected from Nepal in 1821 by Wallich (2707.B in the Wallich Catalogue), stored at the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (K), is designated here as the lectotype of Aristolochia saccata Wall. In addition, the nomenclature for A. saccata var. dilatata Hook. f., A. dilatata N. E. Br., and Isotrema dilatatum (N. E. Br.) X. X. Zhu, S. Liao & J. S. Ma is considered. Since the name A. dilatata is based on A. saccata var. dilatata Hook. f., it is regarded that I. dilatatum was validly published as a new combination based on A. saccata var. dilatata Hook. f., and the correct author citation is “(Hook. f.) X. X. Zhu, S. Liao & J. S. Ma.”

Amaranthus pakai Faccenda & N. Bayón (Amaranthaceae), a new Hawaiian endemic species from the main islands, is described. It is most probably closely related to A. brownii Cristoph. & Caum, an extinct species from Nihoa Island. It also morphologically resembles A. interruptus R. Br. and A. viridis L. Amaranthus pakai differs from these species in its leaves with elliptical lamina, and pistillate flowers with three widely spathulate sepals, which are longer than the fruits. The first collections date back to the 19th century and suggest that this species was formerly rather widespread across the main Hawaiian Islands, but the population probably crashed during the 1800s. However, these early specimens were misidentified until recently. Amaranthus pakai was last seen in the wild in 2014 and, following its assessment against the IUCN criteria, is considered Critically Endangered, as only 30 to 40 plants were seen at that time.

Two new combinations, Anomospermum prancei (Barneby & Krukoff) R. Ortiz and A. verruculosum (Krukoff & Barneby) R. Ortiz, are made in the Neotropical genus Anomospermum Miers (Anomospermeae–Menispermaceae) to conform with the newly revised classification based on morphology and DNA sequence data.

A new combination in Euploca Nutt. (Heliotropiaceae) is proposed in this work: E. reversifera (C. Wright ex Millsp.) J. I. M. Melo, based on Heliotropium reversiferum C. Wright ex Millsp., a neglected endemic species from Cuba.

Two new species of Bulbophyllum Thouars, B. psittacinum Verlynde & Ramand. and B. vespertilioides Verlynde & Ramand. (Orchidaceae), are recognized and described. Both species are endemic to Madagascar and were found in the Ankerana forest, part of the Ankeniheny-Zahamena corridor (CAZ) protected area in the eastern escarpment forests. These two species belong to section Pantoblepharon Schltr.; B. psittacinum differs from the rest of the section by its conjoined lateral sepals and B. vespertilioides by its larger pseudobulbs, longer inflorescence, and number of flowers. Taxonomic treatments of both species with descriptions, illustrations, distribution, and habitat information as well as preliminary IUCN Red List assessments are provided.

Seven species of Besleria Plum. ex L. (Gesneriaceae) are described from the Mesoamerican flora to add to the 27 currently recognized from the region: three from types from Panama (Besleria amicitia L. E. Skog & Barrie, B. darienensis L. E. Skog & Barrie, and B. fruticosa L. E. Skog & Barrie), two from Costa Rica (B. gracilis L. E. Skog & Barrie and B. talamancana L. E. Skog & Barrie), and one each from Honduras (B. hondurensis L. E. Skog & Barrie) and Belize (B. nicolsonii L. E. Skog & Barrie), the latter also found in Guatemala and Honduras.

Ranunculus reniformis Wall. ex Wight & Arn. is a rare species endemic to southern India (Western and Eastern Ghats), which is characterized by long-petiolate basal leaves with crenately dentate lamina. This species name is an illegitimate later homonym of R. reniformis Gilib. A new name, R. nilgiricus Sennikov & Val. N. Tikhom., is proposed to replace the later homonym.

We lectotypify the Linnaean name Passiflora punctata L. (Passifloraceae). An updated description of the species and a distribution map are provided.

The typification of Aster sedifolius L. (Asteraceae: Astereae) is discussed. Designation of a lectotype is based on consultation of Linnaeus’s original material and the literature cited in the protologue. A specimen from the herbarium sheet preserved at UPS [Herb. Burser XV(1): 62 (UPS no. V-174664)] is designated as lectotype.