Abstract During the famous 1949 conference in Łagów Lubuski Zofia Lissa called for the creation of music that would be rich in expression. Her argument reveals an interesting affinity between Marxism and the theories of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, with his attempt to “historically” (“objectively”) establish the primacy of emotion in art over pure form. At the same time, however, emotions were divided in Łagów into desirable and detrimental, which manifested itself in the most shocking way when three critics – Włodzimierz Sokorski, Józef Chomiński and Zofia Lissa – surprisingly unanimously, or similarly, judged Zbigniew Turski’s Symphony No. 2 “Olympic”. What is surprising in the context of the Łagów conference is not just the collective, ruthless attack on Turski, but also the fact that very little effort was made to explain the nature of the emotional impact of music. Lissa’s attempt at theoretical analysis did not elicit any response; moreover, as the minutes show, she did not present the entire material she had prepared. How much and for how long this subject had been on her mind is evident from her pre-Łagów paper, published in Myśl Współczesna in 1948, in which she mentioned her lost work from before the Second World War. After the Łagów conference she continued to study the problem and included the results of her investigations in a paper that brought her notoriety, because she invoked the name of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin in the title. In the present article I take a small step – through an analysis of selected contributions by Lissa – towards reconstructing her way of thinking in order to understand what priorities guided her and what goals she set for herself.

Abstract Despite the many research perspectives from which Andrzej Krzanowski’s music has been analyzed, so far there is no study that would attempt to interpret this work from the point of view of expression. The aim of the text is to answer the question about expression in Krzanowski’s music and his original compositional style. In the article, I refer primarily to the score (in Mieczysław Tomaszewski’s terms – the phase of musical conception). The starting point is the performing cast, with very often goes beyond the traditionally understood instruments (whistles, sirens). I am trying to find out what are the roots of using such an unusual cast and what significance it has for issue at hand. A separate place in the text is devoted to the expression of the voice as well as the influence of vocal genres (song, aria, chorale) on the instrumental music of this composer. The last issue related to the expression of the piece is the layer of verbal instructions. The number and repetition of many of them indicate how important for Krzanowski was not the recording itself, but its interpretation in performance. The analysis of Krzanowski’s scores in terms of the above-mentioned aspects ultimately leads to the conclusion that the musical choices he made resulted from the author’s autobiographical experiences, which shaped the original language of the author’s musical expression and, consequently, its type of expression.

ABSTRACT 19th-century Warsaw Salons — “Institutions” ofCulture or Sophisticated Chambers? Warsaw’s social and cultural life in the 19th century was focused in its social form — mainly for political reasons — around the institution of the salon. This forgotten phenomenon, seen today as a bit grotesque, became so popular that salon regulars could turn up at a different house every evening. Interestingly, the ringleaders of this form of social activity were women, and we need to bear in mind that we are dealing with a phenomenon occurring over a century before universal franchise. The aim of the article is to demonstrate the diversity of cultural topics, particularly those relating to music, tackled by salon society gathered in private homes. Incidentally, it should be noted that two main paths of development can be discerned in the social life of the period: official, associated with the Russian authorities, and salon-related, within which national and patriotic themes played a significant role. Given the activity of the salons of, among others, Katarzyna Lewocka, Nina Łuszczewska and Paulina Wilkońska, this goal is particularly clearly associated with women. The author of the article provides a general characterisation of salon life, its main trends and issues debated, and discusses the main areas of activity, using selected examples.

ABSTRACT Nadia Boulanger and Her Role in Polish Music – in the Light of Zygmunt Mycielski–s Writings Zygmunt Mycielski (1907–1987), a composer and writer on music, was one of the pupils of Nadia Boulanger (1887–1979). In his writings he often stressed the role which this eminent French teacher played in the development of a whole generation of Polish (and not only Polish) composers. Not only did Mycielski owe a lot to her personally, but he also clearly saw the significance of her teaching to the further fate of Polish music. He remained her friend, introduced her to Poland, and often mentioned both his education under her wings and the importance of her teaching. The article presents the figure and role of Nadia Boulanger in the light of the writings of Zygmunt Mycielski.

ABSTRACT Through Play to Sound Sources—A Contribution to Research ofLidia Zielińska’s Sound Installations Sound installations have been present in Polish music since the 1960s when the first “spatial-musical compositions” were presented by Zygmunt Krauze. His innovative activities hadn’t found followers in the Polish musical community for quite a while, but in the 1980s composers started to be more and more interested in multimedia forms engaging recipients into an active participation. Among these artists was Lidia Zielińska—a composer willingly exploring the sonoristic possibilities of both traditional instruments and electroacoustic ones. A big importance into the formation of her individual composition language was getting familiar with Raymond Murray Schafer’s ideas, meetings with this Canadian composer and promoting his thought into the polish community. An important current of her creative activities were also the actions focused on children. All these mentioned aspects can be seen in her installations that—according to the assumptions of Łukasz Guzek, a researcher of 20th and 21st-century art—inextricably combine the questions of space and presence. In terms of sound, these projects and not-installation Zielińska’s creations merge into a coherent whole: a space to explore problems related to sound’s essence and sources, as well as acoustic ecology. This article describes in more detail the following sound installations of Lidia Zielińska, including their composition assumptions and way of realizing the elements characterising the installation forms: Muzyka potencjalna [nr 1]. Spiskowa teoria dźwięku (1988), Projekt dla końca korytarza (1994), Alles gab’s schon mal/Wszystko już było (2006), Lutosławski DIY (2013), Plasterki muzyki (2013), Looks Chinese, Sounds Polish (2013) and Polish Sonorities (2014).

ABSTRACT Sara Levy and Her Music Collection. Keyboard Concertos by Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach from the National Library ofPoland The paper discusses musical sources kept in the National Library of Poland, namely a collection of handwritten copies of ten keyboard concertos by Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, made by Georg Amft based on materials that originated from the music collections of Sara Levy and Zippora Wulff. This paper primarily focuses on the Concerto in A Minor Wq 26. Amft’s copy of that piece was likely made based on a Bach’s autograph kept in the Royal Library in Berlin (Königliche Bibliothek). Seeing as Amft’s Vorlage is now lost, the Warsaw document appears to be an important indirect source for an early version of Wq 26.

ABSTRACT Female composers occupy and important and visible place in Poland’s contemporary musical culture, which they co-create thanks to their versatile activity (creative, organisational, didactic). They include Katarzyna Kwiecień-Długosz (b. 1978), a composer from Zielona Góra with a substantial oeuvre (67 works), who for some time has devoted herself to carillon music (e.g. Epitafium for Paweł Adamowicz). Kwiecień-Długosz has an excellent compositional technique and is a master of the form, the structure of which is based on a fluctuation of tensions and releases easily discernible to the listeners. For eighteen years composing has been a piece of artistic reportage from her life, which is signalled in three scenes from her oeuvre. The first—Inclinations — suggests the artist’s predilection for some musical-technical issues (including “translating” techniques, e.g. Memories from VN for cello and piano). The second — Reflections — presents the therapeutic objective of the composed music, seemingly defined in the titles and the author’s commentary, but opening itself up to the listener in a very emotional layer (e.g. Punctum for string orchestra). The third — Understatements — reveals the composer’s introvert and contemplative nature (e.g. Ad fontes for carillon). Katarzyna Kwiecień-Długosz is the initiator and organiser of a series of chamber academic concerts presenting the oeuvres of artists from the University of Zielona Góra, Poznań Academy of Music and Szczecin Academy of Art. She includes her students from the University of Zielona Góra in this type of activity, thus safeguarding further development of the musical culture.

ABSTRACT Female composers occupy and important and visible place in Poland’s contemporary musical culture, which they co-create thanks to their versatile activity (creative, organisational, didactic). They include Katarzyna Kwiecień-Długosz (b. 1978), a composer from Zielona Góra with a substantial oeuvre (67 works), who for some time has devoted herself to carillon music (e.g. Epitafium for Paweł Adamowicz). Kwiecień-Długosz has an excellent compositional technique and is a master of the form, the structure of which is based on a fluctuation of tensions and releases easily discernible to the listeners. For eighteen years composing has been a piece of artistic reportage from her life, which is signalled in three scenes from her oeuvre. The first—Inclinations — suggests the artist’s predilection for some musical-technical issues (including “translating” techniques, e.g. Memories from VN for cello and piano). The second — Reflections — presents the therapeutic objective of the composed music, seemingly defined in the titles and the author’s commentary, but opening itself up to the listener in a very emotional layer (e.g. Punctum for string orchestra). The third — Understatements — reveals the composer’s introvert and contemplative nature (e.g. Ad fontes for carillon). Katarzyna Kwiecień-Długosz is the initiator and organiser of a series of chamber academic concerts presenting the oeuvres of artists from the University of Zielona Góra, Poznań Academy of Music and Szczecin Academy of Art. She includes her students from the University of Zielona Góra in this type of activity, thus safeguarding further development of the musical culture.

ABSTRACT Zofia Lissa and Vladimir Ivannikov — A Polish Musicologist and Soviet Composer Fighting Together for a New, Better Order Zofia Lissa’s biography contains many well-documented facts, but there are also numerous gaps. These are periods described the least in the known sources: childhood (including her stay in Austria during the First World War) as well as the escape and first months after leaving Lviv (following Germany’s attack on the USSR in 1941). Let us hope that material that will enable us to fill these gaps will be found. However, in addition to complete gaps there is also a lot of incomplete information. It concerns, for example, the period Lissa spent in Moscow. There are more sources dealing with that time, but they have not been studied in detail and this has paved the way for sensational rumours. The present article is an attempt to disperse the fog and clear the atmosphere of mystery surrounding the matter. The thesis of the article is as follows: throughout her stay in Moscow Lissa, with her customary naivety, worked as best as she could for the benefit of Polish music. Her interests were wide-ranging — from early to contemporary music, with the latter being a subject with which she was particularly familiar. In addition to promoting professional music, Lissa tackled questions relating to the dissemination of music in general. She believed that as a musicologist she had a mission and that the best way to accomplish it was to collaborate closely with composers who would “implement” her guidelines in their music. In this context Lissa’s return to Poland may seem as an attempt to put similar ideas into practice on a much broader scale: from then on she would no longer represent herself but the entire Polish musicology, and one composer would be replaced by the entire Polish Composers’ Union.

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