The creation and evaluation of Nano-modified concrete, with an emphasis on its microstructural characteristics, is the main goal of this extensive study. The inclusion of nanosilica and nanoclay not only enhances the characteristics of concrete but also contributes to mitigating soil pollution. By adding nanosilica and nanoclay as additional cementitious materials, the study intends to assess the structural integrity of nano-modified concrete using cutting-edge techniques like Scanning electron microscopy, Transition electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Four different concrete compositions with variable amounts of nanosilica and nanoclay additions (0%, 5%, 10% and 15% of nano additives by weight of fine aggregate) and a 3% cement replacement rate were cast and evaluated throughout the experimental phase. A comparison with regular concrete revealed significant improvements in microstructures, demonstrating the efficacy of nano-modified concrete without sacrificing necessary characteristics. Slump values increased with the addition of nano-silica and nanoclay, indicating better workability and smoother concrete surfaces. The study's findings indicate that the development of Nano-modified concrete has great potential as an advanced building material. In addition to providing instant structural gains, the use of nanosilica and nanoclay enhances the long-term performance of concrete buildings and creates new opportunities for creative and long-lasting building techniques.

Conventional methods for the treatment of complex lignin found in the pulp and paper mill effluent is a strenuous and expensive process. Microbial degradation is a promising technique to degrade lignin efficiently due to its adaptability and rapid growth of microbes in diverse environments. This study is focused on the isolation of potential ligninolytic bacterial strains from agricultural soil and decomposed wood sources for successful degradation of lignin present in the wastewater. Initially, 15 ligninolytic strains were identified and three dominant species, Staphylococcus lentus (SB5), Bacillus megaterium (RWB15) and Pseudomonas geniculata (RWP9) were isolated as per their growth tolerance pattern with different lignin concentrations. The lignin degradation study was carried out at different temperatures (25-45℃) with 1000 mg/l of feed lignin concentrations. The optimum degradation temperature of all the strains fell within the range 30-35℃. The maximum lignin degradation of SB5, RWB15 and RWP9 was identified as 89, 77 and 90% at the end of the 6th, 3rd and 7th day of biodegradation, respectively. There was a steep reduction of COD by all three microbes before attaining the stationary phase and thereafter COD reduction was sluggish due to the death phase. Besides, the microbes used in this study showed the transformation of lignin into valuable low-molecular by-products, vanillin, vanillic acid and adipic acid with their concentration being quantified as 28, 101 and 130 mg/l, respectively. This study shows the successful degradation of waste lignin and the recovery of valuable byproducts from waste streams.

In this article, cobalt oxide nanoparticles were synthesized from the leaf extract of Ziziphus oenopolia by using cobaltous chloride hexahydrate. The prepared samples were characterized and subjected to the antimicrobial activity of some pathogens. The first confirmation of the formation of the cobalt oxide nanoparticles resulted from the reaction mixture’s color change from light brown to dark brown at room temperature. Further, UV-Visible spectrum analysis showed a strong absorption band at the visible region around 269 nm, confirming the formation of stable cobalt oxide nanoparticles. From the FT-IR spectrum, the peaks at 3626, 2978, 1689,1519,1396 and 578 cm-1 show the presence of OH stretching, C=O group, C=C stretching, C-C bonds and cobalt oxide nanoparticles. The X-ray diffraction showed their crystalline nature with a face-centered cubic structure; the surface morphology revealed an irregular shape. The antibacterial studies have been carried out against four bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebisella pneumonia; E. coli showed the highest zone of inhibition. The antifungal studies were exhibited against Candida albicans, Candida vulgaris, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger; Aspergillus niger showed the highest zone of inhibition.

This research employs a Box Behnken design-based technique for photocatalytic use of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) derived from spray pyrolysis. This procedure was used for photocatalytic degradation applications on Sudan black dye using Citrus limonum oil as a carbon precursor and Fe/Co/Mo supported on silica as a catalyst. The influence of initial dye concentration was compared to the effects of H2O2, catalyst concentration and solar light intensity. The Response Surface Methodology was used to optimize growth parameters for higher yield and graphitization. The as-grown CNTs were exemplified using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. This work resulted in the identification of the optimal set of spray pyrolysis turning parameters for achieving high CNT yield and effective decolorization of Sudan black B dye by employing MWCNTs as catalyst. The degree of decolorization of Sudan black B dye increases upto a certain level with an increase in initial H2O2 concentration and subsequently declines as excess H2O2 hydroxyl radicals formed serve as scavengers, resulting in less dye decolonization.

This experiment produced biodiesel from corn oil through transesterification. Fuel mixture proportions were changed to assess engine performance and reduce fossil fuel emissions. This study examined brake power, mean effective pressure, mechanical efficiency, brake thermal efficiency and indicated thermal efficiency, and emissions such as hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and NOx. 20% of corn oil was blended with diesel to make biodiesel. The fuel characteristics of the corn oil methyl ester matched ASTM standards. Experimental results were obtained by operating a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine under various load conditions. Titanium oxide nanoparticles in the biodiesel reduced HC and CO engine emissions whereas, there was an increase in CO2 and NOx emissions. Combustion parameters such as cumulative net heat release rate and fuel line pressure decreased whereas, cylinder pressure and net heat release rate increased; the sample BD20 + 100 ppm TiO2 sample exhibited appreciable results.

In densely populated places, air pollution prediction is crucial since it directly affects human health and the local governance. The main objective of this work is to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of the concentration of the main air pollutants in Bangalore, India. In this paper, a lightweight residual network with an attention mechanism is created using a collection of residual concatenation blocks layered with recursive residual blocks. This aids in the adaptive extraction of useful features, the learning of more expressive spatial context information, and the efficient transfer of information through gradient flow in the network. A unique attention mechanism, known as the Two-Fold Attention Module, has been created with the purpose of enhancing the model’s ability to represent information. The Light-AirNet model was designed to provide hourly forecasts by using past pollution data and three measured weather variables were collected from weather stations. Light-AirNet is compared with existing approaches in terms of different metrics and it was found that it achieves 24.5% of root-mean-square error, 21.5% of mean square error, 12.59% of mean absolute error, and 97.45% of prediction accuracy.

The research aims to create a robust cold storage monitoring system for trucks, focusing on parameters like temperature, humidity, and harmful gases. Using nano power temperature, humidity, gas and LDR sensors, the system sets predefined thresholds for each parameter. The MS1089A features energy harvesting and a long battery life. The MS1089A has an I2C interface in addition to other time and power-saving features and it is accurate (±3 °C). By monitoring the temperature and safeguarding the surrounding environment, the nano power temperature sensor is ideal for environmental monitoring. When exceeded or fallen below, automatic notifications with GPS location are sent through Telegram to relevant authorities. Bidirectional communication via a Telegram bot allows users to remotely query sensor values. GPS technology enables live tracking for better cold storage unit management during transportation. The research is scalable, highlighting the potential of IoT in enhancing operational efficiency and reducing risks in cargo transportation. In summary, it integrates wireless sensors, an ESP32 microcontroller and Telegram messaging for a comprehensive cold storage monitoring solution, ensuring the safe transport of temperature-sensitive cargo.

The scope of this study is to synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles by chemical method and to assess their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Titanium isopropoxide was employed as a precursor in the production of the nanoparticles of titanium dioxide. The sample was analyzed using a variety of characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis. Further, their antioxidant and anticancer activities have been investigated. The crystallite size of titanium dioxide nanoparticles was revealed by X-ray diffraction, and the functional groups were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis reveal the structure of the nanoparticles and the presence of titanium, carbon, and oxygen molecules, respectively. The antioxidant activity indicates that as the concentration of the TiO2 nanoparticles increases, it reaches the activity of ascorbic acid (standard). The sample shows good cytotoxic effect against A549 human lung cancer cell lines.

The dynamic model of complex structure has set incredible progression with the use of finite element analysis (FEA), especially in the field of vibration control and nanotechnology. Main focus of this research is to conduct a frequency analysis in ANSYS and a state space model of the beam under the platform of MATLAB. This allowed a system to develop an active dynamic model for vibration control. To enhance test and analysis of the cantilever beam of Aluminium 6061T6, a new method has been proposed to predict the dynamic response of a cantilever beam under sinusoidal base excitation. This was achieved by creating an analytical model for the cantilever beam using moment and force equilibrium equations. The authenticity of the proposed method was made by comparing the results with experimental data. Additionally, to control vibration, a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller was developed using the system model. The FEA in the ANSYS platform provided a cantilever beam model. Also, its mathematical modelling has been done. The proposed method utilizes a novel disturbance rejection control scheme that eliminates an unknown disturbance. Experimental results indicate that the control system results in gradually decreased beam vibration amplitude. The state space approach discussed in the work could be a valuable tool for studying the behaviours of nanomaterials.

Selenium (Se) is an essential microelement utilized in aqua-feeds for aquatic animals’ normal growth, well-being and health. This work was intended to assess the growth performance of Labeo rohita (Rohu) resulting from the nano Se-merged diet. Nano Se was synthesized and its physico-chemical characteristics were characterized using UV-VIS, SEM, EDAX, XRD and FTIR for varying quantities of nano Se; Diets - I-0, II- 0.5, III-1, IV-1.5, V-2 and VI- 2.5 mg/ kg were prepared, making use of fish meal (FM), groundnut oil cake (GNOC), wheat flour (WF) and tapioca flour (TF). Feed-utilizing parameters and the biochemical composition of Rohu were evaluated subsequently after 28 days. The UV-Vis Spectroscopy revealed that nano Se was assessed in wavelengths of 200 to 500 nm and exhibited strong absorption at 322 nm. SEM image showed spherical morphology with an average particle diameter of 12.22 mm. EDAX spectrum recorded two signals at 1.5 keV and 11 keV. XRD patterns showed crystalline characteristics of nano Se at 2θ correlators of 23.5o, 29.7o, 41.4o, 43.6o, 45.4o, 51.7o, 55.9o and 61.5o. FTIR spectrum was examined in the range of 4000 – 500 cm-1. Rohu's growth performance and biochemical analysis revealed that the protein, carbohydrate and lipids of gill, liver and muscle of Rohu were highly increased in the case of diet IV containing 1.5 mg/kg nano Se.