During the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) halted inspections of most overseas drug manufacturing establishments. Looking at data from the period 2012-22, we observed steep declines in both foreign and domestic inspections in 2020. By 2022, numbers of inspections remained well below prepandemic levels, with a 79percent decrease in foreign inspections and a 35percent decline in domestic inspections compared with 2019. There was no corresponding reduction in drug manufacturing or imports. Also, the resources allocated per inspection surged, although the FDA's overall budget and staffing remained steady. Finally, citations rose dramatically, despite all establishments being given advance notice of inspections. The findings of our study underscore the pressing need to explore alternative methods for ensuring drug safety.

Abstract This essay provides the first attempt at a complete inventory and assessment of the use of wordplay in 1 Corinthians. It is organized by attending to the various linguistic features that are exploited to create wordplays. These include the use of different lexemes based on the same root (i.e., sharing etymology; compound words) used in close proximity; the use of the same lexeme but with different meanings in different genders, used in close proximity to exploit the euphony; the use of the same word/lexeme with different meanings in close proximity; the use of the same word with the same meaning twice in close proximity but in a context that plays on an inversion or twist while also exploiting the soundplay; and the use of different lexemes with similar sounds employed for the sake of the surprising rhetorical effect of connecting the two words. It also analyses the kinds of wordplay opportunities that each linguistic feature tends to provide or create. Additionally, it discusses the challenges that different wordplays create for translation (with a focus on translation into English). In the process, the ubiquity and significance of wordplays in 1 Corinthians is demonstrated.

Psychological assessments are routinely conducted by many cross-cultural mission organizations when recruiting candidates. This qualitative research aimed to clarify the purpose of these assessments, to provide a way forward to improving them. It is part of a larger project which has investigated the use of psychological assessments in the Australasian region. A subsample of six chief executive officers (CEOs), six-member care specialists, and six professional assessors consented to a 1-hour interview about the purpose of psychological assessments. Thematic analysis was used to extract the key themes, and the data from each group were triangulated to form overarching themes. The results suggested each group approached purpose from their professional standpoint. CEOs focused on missiology, member care specialists on pastoral care, and assessors on psychological frameworks for understanding candidates. Five key purposes were identified for these assessments: (1) screening risk, (2) candidate self-awareness and growth, (3) fit for role, (4) discerning call, and (5) normalizing prevention of harm. These assessments are a key part of the discernment process for ministry. They need to be improved based on our increased understanding of the purpose they can potentially serve in ameliorating harm to people who volunteer for cross-cultural work.

Middle leaders play a central role in the Christian leadership of their school. This research explores how nine middle leaders in three distinct Anglican Schools in Australia enact their roles, and the conditions that influence faith expression within their schools. Findings demonstrate that middle leaders shape and are shaped by school culture and community. Our theory of Christian middle leadership, derived from four key themes, shows how school middle leaders navigate the personal and institutional dimensions of faith expression, through three distinct discourses. Their responses and the responses of their school enable them to interpret their role, career and calling.

Further research to understand the effect of dietary wild derived fishmeal (WD-FM) substitution with commercially relevant alternative ingredients for large yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi; YTK) was investigated. This 36-week study was designed to replace dietary inclusions of WD-FM with alternative protein ingredients including poultry meal, soy protein concentrate and by-product fishmeal (PM, SPC and BP-FM) and measure the effect on the growth performance, feed utilisation, and health of large YTK (2.5 kg initial weight) at ambient water temperatures (average 16.6 °C). Six diets were formulated on a digestible basis to contain 39% digestible protein (∼45–46% crude protein), 23% digestible lipid (∼24–25% crude lipid), and a digestible energy level of 17 MJ kg−1 (∼19 MJ kg−1 gross energy level). Fish were fed to apparent satiation once daily at 10:00 h. Substitution of fish meal with alternative ingredients did not significantly impact fish growth, feed utilisation, gastrointestinal health, blood haematology or measured biochemistry indices. Results from the current study will allow reductions to the dietary WD-FM inclusion levels, with tangible sustainability benefits. The inclusion of the alternative protein sources resulted in improvements in the fish in-fish out ratios of up to 35.1%. This study suggests formulation criteria for large YTK should include a minimum of 10% WD-FM. Further to this, at least 30% of the diet should consist of a combination of poultry meal, soy protein concentrate and fishmeal (both wild and by-product). Our data further support the use of BP-FM up to ∼20% inclusion, while PM and SPC should be limited to ∼10% inclusion until further data is available on these raw materials in YTK feeds. These recommendations will facilitate formulation flexibility for large YTK feeds, enabling formulators to adapt to changes to extrinsic factors such as raw material availability, and sustainability while minimising cost and performance impacts.

This study surveyed psychological assessment practice for cross-cultural mission candidates in Australasia. It hypothesized that there would be a difference in knowledge about assessments between mission chief executive officers (CEOs), member care specialists, and psychological assessors. Sixty-nine mission organization staff and nine independent assessors responded to an online survey about psychological assessment, compliance with Australian legislation and government recommendations, and the use of psychometric tests. The results suggested that pre-field psychological assessments were a vital part of member care. Assessors were more likely to report organizations struggled to apply the results to candidate selection, that assessments were used to screen out people with mental illness, and were looking for different key attributes in candidates compared with organizations. The key areas that were identified as being important to assess were strong interpersonal skills, physical and psychological resilience, and contentment with current relationship status. The study also identified several systemic problems in relation to the focus of assessments, payment, measurement, and whether reports complied with law and government recommendations, and previous recommendations in the mission literature. This study suggested a need for a more standardized purposeful approach to conducting pre-field psychological assessments for cross-cultural mission candidates.