In this work, we demonstrate a simple and sensitive parallel-plate capacitive pressure sensor fabricated on biocompatible, weather durable, elastic composite silicone and polyurethane substrate with porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) dielectric made through a mixture of water as spacers. This sensor comprised a graphene electrode, which was developed through novel chemical vapor deposition on copper with hot press transfer process. The sensitivity of the sensor exhibits a positive correlation with the dielectric porosity. In addition, this device exhibits fast response time and wide dynamic window for applications. The highest sensitivity of 3.01 kPa <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> at 20% water concentration in PDMS for the dynamic range of 0–40 kPa was achieved with a response time of 0.25 s and detection resolution of 0.4 pF.

AbstractHere, in comparison to indirect and nonvisualizable detections that usually convert strains from electrical signals, the strain sensors that show visible signals with operation simplicity and intuitive perception for practical applications in flexible, printed, and hybrid microelectronics are summarized. The sensors are categorized into four mechanisms of optical phenomena (diffraction, reflection, interference, and photonic crystal), fluorescent mapping (mechanochromism and mechanoluminescence), Moiré effect, and thermal imaging. In addition to their operating principles, three characteristics of sensitivity, dynamic window, and spatial resolution are examined. Furthermore, three types of strains (uniaxial, biaxial, and multiaxial) with subcategories in strain mode (tensile and compressive) and uniformity (isotropic and anisotropic) that are supported by corresponding sensors are also summarized here. With three potential applications and markets of healthcare and biomedical engineering, human motion detection (sports science), and roll‐to‐roll manufacturing listed at the end, a steppingstone is offered here for those who works or intends to work in this field by revisiting the outcomes from key literature published in recent years.

This study shows the development of a capacitive tactile sensor (CTS) which can not only sense multiaxial forces but also decouple the applied normal and shear force due to its innovative structure and fabrication. The design contains five capacitors arranged in a specific pattern as a sensing unit with a stacking structure. Three polyethylene terephthalate substrates with two polydimethylsiloxane dielectrics and silver electrodes were used in one capacitor, and one and four capacitors were put to the top and bottom, respectively, which were able to detect normal and shear forces respectively. In addition to conventional photolithography, inkjet printing was introduced for laminating the structures. Under the normal force, the top layer capacitor showed a higher sensitivity of 0.5008 pF/N, while the bottom layer capacitors showed a much lower sensitivity of 5.2667fF/N on average. In case of the horizontal load bottom layer capacitor showed higher sensitivity. This sensitivity difference in the two modes allows users to decouple the applied force type and direction for the first time.

Light can possess orbital angular momentum (OAM), in addition to spin angular momentum (SAM), which offers nearly infinite possible values of momentum states, allowing a wider degree of freedom for information processing and communications. The OAM of light induces a selection rule that obeys the law of conservation of angular momentum as it interacts with a material, affecting the material's optical and electrical properties. In this work, silicon nanowire field-effect transistors are subjected to light with OAM, also known as twisted light. Electrical measurements on the devices consequently reveal photocurrent enhancements after incrementing the OAM of the incident light from 0ℏ (fundamental mode) to 5ℏ. Such a phenomenon is attributed to the enhancements of the photogating and the photoconductive effects under the influence of the OAM of light, the underlying mechanism of which is proposed and discussed using energy band diagrams. With these observations, a strategy for controlling photocurrent has been introduced, which can be a realization of the application in the field of optoelectronics technology.

Transition from linear to circular economy to have a sustainable ecosystem is now prevailing in almost every sector including Flexible Hybrid Electronics. Researchers, scientists and stakeholders are putting continuous efforts in order to have sustainable solutions to support circular economy. In order to support Flexible Hybrid Electronics in a sustainable manner General Silicones with its decades of experience developed a sustainable industrial silicone-based substrate that not only possess excellent chemical and mechanical properties but also removing the drawback of low surface energy of silicone causing adhesion, bonding and printing issues, it can act as innovative sustainable platform to design printed and flexible electronics with unmet possibilities.

The 3D double layer Ω-type FETs with ferroelectric HfZrO 2 gate served for one-transistor (1T) architecture is demonstrated and studied for memory reliability. The high endurance is presented more than 106 cycles P/E with 4V. Multi-domain model integrated with TCAD is proposed by adding a coupling coefficient for the polarization gradient term of the free energy, and calculating for nanosheet GAA-FETs. The polarization orientation is assigned randomly by Gaussian distribution into individual domain for multi-dimensional 3D device simulation. The data retention is degraded due to depolarization field occurrence at the corner by modeling results. The feasible structure paves the candidate for emerging memory applications.

As increasing storage density accompanies increasing adoption of 3D NAND flash, the data integrity turns to more important. The error floor problem is known to have critical impact on the correction capability of LDPC code in NAND flash storage. Herein we propose an analytical method based on a simplified NAND flash error model to relate harmful trapping sets to small cycles, by which we can avoid certain cycle combination during code construction for NAND flash memory applications.

This paper proposes the optimization of a fully connected recurrent neural network (FCRNN) using advanced multiobjective continuous ant colony optimization (AMO-CACO) for the multiobjective gait generation of a biped robot (the NAO). The FCRNN functions as a central pattern generator and is optimized to generate angles of the hip roll and pitch, the knee pitch, and the ankle pitch and roll. The performance of the FCRNN-generated gait is evaluated according to the walking speed, trajectory straightness, oscillations of the body in the pitch and yaw directions, and walking posture, subject to the basic constraints that the robot cannot fall down and must walk forward. This paper formulates this gait generation task as a constrained multiobjective optimization problem and solves this problem through an AMO-CACO-based evolutionary learning approach. The AMO-CACO finds Pareto optimal solutions through ant-path selection and sampling operations by introducing an accumulated rank for the solutions in each single-objective function into solution sorting to improve learning performance. Simulations are conducted to verify the AMO-CACO-based FCRNN gait generation performance through comparisons with different multiobjective optimization algorithms. Selected software-designed Pareto optimal FCRNNs are then applied to control the gait of a real NAO robot.

In this paper, we consider the quantum unambiguous discrimination problem of a set of linearly independent pure states. With a constructive procedure, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition for feasible POVM measurements for unambiguous quantum state discrimination. We develop methods to calculate the optimal discrimination efficiencies for minimizing the inconclusive probability and the optimal discrimination efficiencies for the minimax criterion. Finally, we prove a necessary and sufficient condition to have a feasible POVM measurement which achieves the minimum inconclusive probability criterion and the minimax criterion simultaneously and show that geometrically uniform states with equal a priori probabilities meet this condition.

Digital refocusing has a tradeoff between complexity and quality when using sparsely sampled light fields for low-storage applications. In this paper, we propose a fast physically correct refocusing algorithm to address this issue in a twofold way. First, view interpolation is adopted to provide photorealistic quality at infocus-defocus hybrid boundaries. Regarding its conventional high complexity, we devised a fast line-scan method specifically for refocusing, and its 1D kernel can be 30× faster than the benchmark View Synthesis Reference Software (VSRS)-1D-Fast. Second, we propose a block-based multi-rate processing flow for accelerating purely infocused or defocused regions, and a further 3- 34× speedup can be achieved for high-resolution images. All candidate blocks of variable sizes can interpolate different numbers of rendered views and perform refocusing in different subsampled layers. To avoid visible aliasing and block artifacts, we determine these parameters and the simulated aperture filter through a localized filter response analysis using defocus blur statistics. The final quadtree block partitions are then optimized in terms of computation time. Extensive experimental results are provided to show superior refocusing quality and fast computation speed. In particular, the run time is comparable with the conventional single-image blurring, which causes serious boundary artifacts.