Introduction: This research intends to investigate the potential of coffee cherry peel flour and banana peel liquid as cake-baking alternatives, taking into account both their chemical qualities and organoleptic reactions. Methods: This experimental study uses baking and steaming techniques to analyze coffee cherry peel flour and banana peel liquid. Chemical analysis of carbohydrates, protein, fiber, moisture, ash, and fat content is conducted, along with organoleptic analysis of color, fragrance, taste, and texture. The ANOVA method is used for data analysis. Results: According to the research findings, the greatest results are obtained when baking a cake using a mixture of 50% coffee cherry peel flour and 30% banana peel liquid. The cake has a chemical composition characterized by the presence of 28.9% carbohydrate, 4.02% protein, 6.23% fiber, 25.2% moisture content, 0.45% ash content, and 41.5% fat content. The organoleptic testing results indicate that this cake has received a favorable rating in terms of color (5.49 on the liking scale), scent (5.60 indicating very high liking), taste (5.44 indicating liking), and texture (5.31 indicating liking).Conclusion: The research results show that a 50% concentration of coffee cherry peel flour and a 30% banana peel liquid considerably change all organoleptic characteristics of the cake. The cake prepared using these specific proportions exhibits desirable attributes, including a well-received brown hue, a typical coffee fragrance, a discernible coffee flavor, and a tender and readily chewable consistency.

𝘐𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯: 𝘌𝘷𝘢𝘭𝘶𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘥 𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘰𝘭 𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘦𝘴 𝘯𝘦𝘦𝘥𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦 𝘮𝘦𝘢𝘴𝘶𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘸𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘦𝘹𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘪𝘳 𝘦𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘦𝘴𝘴 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘣𝘦 𝘥𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘪𝘮𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘷𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘲𝘶𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘰𝘧 𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘥 𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘰𝘭𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘶𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘦. 𝘛𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘴𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘺 𝘢𝘪𝘮𝘴 𝘵𝘰 𝘥𝘦𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘦𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘦𝘴𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘰𝘳𝘨𝘢𝘯𝘪𝘤 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘥 𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘰𝘭𝘴 𝘣𝘢𝘴𝘦𝘥 𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘊𝘐𝘗𝘗𝘖 𝘦𝘷𝘢𝘭𝘶𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘮𝘰𝘥𝘦𝘭 (𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘹𝘵, 𝘪𝘯𝘱𝘶𝘵, 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘤𝘦𝘴𝘴, 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵, 𝘰𝘶𝘵𝘤𝘰𝘮𝘦), 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘪𝘯𝘧𝘭𝘶𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘦𝘹𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘧𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘴 𝘴𝘪𝘮𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘦𝘰𝘶𝘴𝘭𝘺 𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘦𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘦𝘴𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘰𝘳𝘨𝘢𝘯𝘪𝘤 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘥 𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘰𝘭𝘴, 𝘷𝘢𝘳𝘪𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘦𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘦 𝘢 𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘦𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵 𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘦𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘦𝘴𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘰𝘳𝘨𝘢𝘯𝘪𝘤 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘥 𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘰𝘭𝘴, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘦𝘮𝘱𝘰𝘸𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘮𝘰𝘥𝘦𝘭𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘣𝘦 𝘢𝘱𝘱𝘭𝘪𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘎𝘪𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘳𝘵𝘰 𝘋𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘵. 𝘔𝘦𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘥: 𝘛𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘮𝘦𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘥 𝘪𝘴 𝘣𝘺 𝘴𝘶𝘳𝘷𝘦𝘺𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘴 𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘪𝘱𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘪𝘯 𝘰𝘳𝘨𝘢𝘯𝘪𝘤 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘥 𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘰𝘭𝘴 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘢 𝘴𝘢𝘮𝘱𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧 50 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘴. 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘤𝘩 𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘪𝘴 𝘪𝘯 𝘒𝘢𝘭𝘶𝘳𝘢𝘩𝘢𝘯 𝘎𝘪𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘳𝘵𝘰, 𝘒𝘢𝘱𝘢𝘯𝘦𝘸𝘰𝘯 𝘗𝘶𝘳𝘸𝘰𝘴𝘢𝘳𝘪, 𝘎𝘶𝘯𝘶𝘯𝘨 𝘒𝘪𝘥𝘶𝘭 𝘙𝘦𝘨𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘺. 𝘋𝘢𝘵𝘢 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘴 𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘮𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘪𝘱𝘭𝘦 𝘭𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘢𝘳 𝘳𝘦𝘨𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘢𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘴. 𝘙𝘦𝘴𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘴: 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘴 𝘴𝘩𝘰𝘸𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘪𝘮𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘰𝘳𝘨𝘢𝘯𝘪𝘤 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘥 𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘰𝘭 𝘪𝘯 𝘒𝘢𝘭𝘶𝘳𝘢𝘩𝘢𝘯 𝘎𝘪𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘳𝘵𝘰 𝘳𝘢𝘯 𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘺 𝘦𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘭𝘺 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘢 𝘊𝘐𝘗𝘗𝘖 𝘦𝘷𝘢𝘭𝘶𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘷𝘢𝘭𝘶𝘦 𝘰𝘧 83.98% 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘢 𝘴𝘪𝘨𝘯𝘪𝘧𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘷𝘢𝘭𝘶𝘦 𝘰𝘧 0.000 𝘰𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘢𝘪𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘵-𝘵𝘦𝘴𝘵. 𝘚𝘪𝘮𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘦𝘰𝘶𝘴𝘭𝘺, 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘦𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘦𝘴𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘪𝘮𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘰𝘳𝘨𝘢𝘯𝘪𝘤 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘥 𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘰𝘭𝘴 𝘪𝘴 𝘪𝘯𝘧𝘭𝘶𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘧𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘴, 𝘯𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘭𝘺 𝘢𝘨𝘦, 𝘦𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘭𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘭, 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘦𝘹𝘱𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦, 𝘭𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘭 𝘰𝘧 𝘴𝘰𝘤𝘪𝘢𝘭 𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘪𝘱𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯, 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘤𝘰𝘴𝘮𝘰𝘱𝘰𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘢𝘯 𝘭𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘭 𝘰𝘧 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘴, 𝘢𝘴 𝘸𝘦𝘭𝘭 𝘢𝘴 𝘦𝘹𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘧𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘴, 𝘯𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘭𝘺 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘰𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘦𝘳 𝘨𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘱𝘴 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘰𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘢𝘨𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘢𝘭 𝘦𝘹𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘸𝘰𝘳𝘬𝘦𝘳𝘴. 𝘗𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺, 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘰𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘢𝘨𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘢𝘭 𝘦𝘹𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘸𝘰𝘳𝘬𝘦𝘳𝘴 𝘢𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘦𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘦𝘴𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘥 𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘰𝘭 𝘪𝘮𝘱𝘭𝘦𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯. 𝘛𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘴𝘩𝘰𝘸𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘰𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘢𝘨𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘢𝘭 𝘦𝘹𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘸𝘰𝘳𝘬𝘦𝘳𝘴 𝘪𝘴 𝘢𝘯 𝘪𝘮𝘱𝘰𝘳𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘧𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳 𝘪𝘯 𝘥𝘦𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘦𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘯𝘦𝘴𝘴 𝘰𝘧 𝘰𝘳𝘨𝘢𝘯𝘪𝘤 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘥 𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘰𝘭𝘴. 𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘤𝘭𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯: 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘰𝘳𝘨𝘢𝘯𝘪𝘤 𝘧𝘢𝘳𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘭𝘥 𝘴𝘤𝘩𝘰𝘰𝘭 𝘪𝘯 𝘒𝘢𝘭𝘶𝘳𝘢𝘩𝘢𝘯 𝘎𝘪𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘳𝘵𝘰 𝘪𝘴 𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘺 𝘦𝘧𝘧𝘦𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘴𝘪𝘮𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘢𝘯𝘦𝘰𝘶𝘴𝘭𝘺 𝘪𝘯𝘧𝘭𝘶𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘦𝘹𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘧𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘰𝘳𝘴, 𝘸𝘩𝘪𝘭𝘦 𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺 𝘪𝘯𝘧𝘭𝘶𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘰𝘭𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘢𝘨𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘢𝘭 𝘦𝘹𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘰𝘯 𝘸𝘰𝘳𝘬𝘦𝘳𝘴.

Introduction: This study aims to determine the best effect of soybean plant production and physiology on humic acid application under drought-stress conditions. Methods: This study used a factorial complete randomized design with three levels of humic acid (0 ppm, 500 ppm, and 1000 ppm) and three levels of drought stress (80% KL, 60% KL, and 40%). The parameters analyzed were the number of flowers, pod fresh weight, pod dry weight, number of seeds, leaf chlorophyll, relative water content (RWC), and stomatal density. Results: The highest number of flowers was in the 80% KL drought stress treatment; the highest pod fresh weight and pod dry weight were in the 80% KL drought stress treatment; the highest number of seeds was in the 80% KL drought stress treatment; the highest leaf chlorophyll was in the 1000 ppm humic acid treatment and 80% KL drought stress; the highest relative water content (RWC) was in the interaction between 1000 ppm humic acid and 80% KL drought stress; and the highest stomatal density was in the 80% KL drought stress treatment. Conclusion: Humic acid application affects leaf chlorophyll and relative water content (RWC). Drought stress affects the number of flowers, pod fresh weight, pod dry weight, number of seeds, leaf chlorophyll, relative water content (RWC), and stomatal density. There was an interaction effect between humic acid application and drought stress on the relative water content (RWC) parameter.

Introduction: This study aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties of forage sago starch using a microwave with different moisture content, namely 20%, 25%, and 30%. Method: A randomized non-factorial design was used with four treatment levels, namely native starch, HMTMW20, HMTMW25, and HMTMW30. Furthermore, the analyzed parameters were moisture and ash content, water and oil absorption, swelling power, and solubility. Result: The results showed that moisture content of forages (9.35-12.20%) was lower than native starch (13.08%), ash content of sago starch forages (0.15-0.23%) was lower than native sago starch (0.30%), water absorption of HMTMW sago starch (216.19-317.47%) was higher than native sago starch (222.07%). Furthermore, the absorption of HMTMW sago starch oil (189.73-208.40%) was higher than native starch (176.53%), swelling power value of HMTMW sago starch (23.33-31.90%) was relatively lower than native sago starch (33.07%), solubility of HMTMW sago starch (12, 38-18.47%) was relatively lower than native sago starch (21.00%). Conclusion: HMTMW with different initial moisture content (20, 25, and 30%) using 40% power for 15 minutes caused changes in the physicochemical properties of sago starch. In addition, higher concentrations of the initial treatment caused an increase in moisture content and water and oil absorption, while ash content, swelling power, and solubility decreased.

Introduction: Corn farming faces various challenges from economic, ecological, and institutional aspects. For effective agricultural extension, it is crucial to optimize the role of social capital, which catalyzes optimizing corn farming, particularly concerning the extent to which farmers become innovative in increasing income. Methods: This research employed a quantitative approach. The data were collected through primary sources via the distribution of questionnaires to 175 farmers as per sampling requirements, as well as interviews and field observations. Data analysis techniques included descriptive analysis and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results: (1) The effectiveness of extension services significantly and positively influences corn farmers' social capital, with a coefficient value of 43.00%. (2) The effectiveness of extension services significantly and positively affects innovative behavior in increasing income among corn farmers, with a coefficient value of 22.80%. (3) Social capital significantly and positively influences innovative behavior in increasing income among corn farmers, with a coefficient value of 74.80%. (4) The effectiveness of extension services through social capital significantly and positively influences innovative behavior in increasing income among corn farmers, with a coefficient value of 32.20%, resulting in a total effect of 55.00%. Conclusion: Social capital serves as a significant intervening factor, as its enhancement facilitates agricultural extension workers in their tasks by encouraging farmers to become more innovative in increasing both production and income from corn farming in the Bone Bolango Regency.

Introduction: World crude oil prices are linked to food commodity prices as input costs for the production distribution and development of biofuels. The relationship between increasing crude oil prices and food prices is in one way; i.e. an increase in world crude oil prices will trigger an increase in food prices and not the other way around. This study aimed to analyze and compare price transmission and integration of cross-commodity prices between the price of crude oil and the price of corn (raw material for biofuels) and the price of rice (non biofuels raw material). Methods: This study used the VARX (Vector Autoregression with Exogenous variables) method with corn prices and rice prices as the endogenous variables, while crude oil prices as exogenous variables. Results: Price transmission and integration of cross-commodity prices occur in crude oil to corn commodities. In contrast, there was no price transmission and price integration between crude oil and rice. Commodities that are directly related to the development of biofuels experience a more significant impact on price changes. Conclusion: Energy commodity prices are connected to food commodity prices, particularly corn. Therefore, if crude oil price rises, so does the corn. Highly dependent corn-importing countries have to be aware. Measures engendering food security are key to any country, particularly promoting domestic production and improving food storage and distribution systems to reduce the risk of food price spikes. The policy implications emerging from the one-directional causality between oil and food prices would typically depend on the specific nature of the two markets and the goals of policy intervention.

Introduction: Caffeine, antioxidants, and vitamin C are important compounds found in coffee beans. These chemical compounds affect the taste and aroma of coffee. The research aims to examine the effect of hormone application on the chemical content of coffee beans. Methods: The research was carried out at the people's coffee plantation in Kwadungan Gunung, Kledung, Temanggung, Central Java. The research uses an experimental method with two factors. Factor I variety consists of two varieties, namely Sigararutang and Yellow Catura. Factor II of the Plant Growth Regulators (PGR) application consists of four levels, namely: Control, ethrel, NAA, and gibberellin. Each treatment combination with 5 replications. The parameters observed were the number of fruit/ tree, the number of ripe fruit/ tree at the first harvest, caffeine content, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, sugar, and protein. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with the DMRT further test. Results: The number of coffee cherries of the Yellow Catura was better than the Sigarar Utang. The caffeine is better in Sigararutang in all PGR applications compared to other combinations. The antioxidant activity of Yellow Catura with the application of NAA and GA3 is better than other combinations. Vitamin C in Yellow Catura with GA3 application and control is better than other combinations. The protein in Yellow Catura with NAA application is better than other combinations. The sugar in Yellow Catura with all applications of PGR is better than the other combinations. Conclusion: PGR application and differences in varieties affect the chemical content namely caffeine, antioxidant activity, vitamin C, protein, and total sugar.

Introduction: This study examines the food consumption patterns and food security status of corn farming households in Paterongan Village, Galis Subdistrict, Bangkalan Regency, Madura Island, Indonesia. The research is conducted within the context of the low food security levels in Indonesia, despite the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) since 2015. Paterongan Village serves as an interesting case study due to its high corn production but also a high poverty rate, which raises concerns regarding household-level food security. This study aims to identify the factors influencing food security among corn farmers in the area. Methods: This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach, collecting data through interviews and questionnaires with 76 female corn farmers. The 24-hour food recall technique was applied to assess food consumption patterns and calculate the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS). Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors influencing food security. Results: The findings indicate that the food consumption patterns are relatively limited in diversity, with most households primarily consuming cereals, vegetables, oils, legumes, and fish. The average HDDS score is 7.1, with 67% of households classified as food insecure. Conclusion: The logistic regression analysis identified education level, household income, and the utilization of home gardens as significant factors that improve food security.

Introduction: Fruit peel is one of the natural ingredients that has not been optimally utilized and can be used as a raw material for making dish soap because it has antibiotic, antiseptic, and antibacterial content. This study aims to make dish soap using dragon fruit peel extract, papaya fruit, and banana fruit as natural ingredients and determine the quality characteristics of dish soap and business feasibility analysis. Methods: This research was conducted in two stages. The first stage selected the best fruit skin dish soap based on the quality characteristics and organoleptic tests on the product. The second stage then analyzed the business feasibility of the best fruit peel extract dish soap product. Results: The quality characteristics of dragon fruit peel, banana, and papaya skin extract dish soap with pH test parameters, FFA content, and free alkali content are in accordance with SNI standards, but the viscosity test shows that it is not suitable and has a value below SNI, and the results of the organoleptic test show that dragon fruit peel extract dish soap is preferred by panelists compared to banana and papaya skin extract soap with an average value of 4.3 color parameters; aroma 3.5; texture 3.6; and overall 4.1. Conclusion: Dragon fruit peel extract dish soap has the best organoleptic test value compared to banana and papaya peel dish soap. The results of the feasibility study analysis of the dragon fruit peel extract dish soap business have a BEP Unit value of 31, BEP Rupiah of IDR.462,185, ROI of 81.64%, and R / C of 1.82 where this business is considered feasible if developed.

Introduction: The pivotal role of the agricultural sector in Indonesia's economic advancement stems from the employment of a significant portion of the Indonesian populace. Central to this sector are agricultural extension workers tasked with fostering motivational shifts, altering operational methodologies, and instilling adaptive practices congruent with technological advancements. This research endeavors to scrutinize the modus operandi of agricultural extension workers amidst the digital metamorphosis era within the Agricultural Extension Center situated in Lowokwaru, Malang, Indonesia. Methods: Employing a Mixed methods approach, this study draws upon primary and secondary data sources. Thirty samples, affiliated with the Farmers Group at the Agricultural Extension Center in Lowokwaru Malang, constitute the study cohort, selected through purposive sampling techniques. Data accrual involves questionnaire administration, employing the Likert scale as the measurement metric. Statistical analysis entails multiple linear regression, facilitated through SPSS 22 software. Results: Simultaneously, variables embodying extension workers' roles as facilitators, innovators, motivators, dynamists, and educators collectively impact the income of registered farmers at the Agricultural Extension Center in Lowokwaru, Malang. Conclusion: This study reveals that the roles of extension workers as facilitators, innovators, and educators significantly enhance farmers' capacity to integrate digital technology into their agricultural practices. Nevertheless, the absence of direct statistical significance in some roles suggests the interplay of other critical factors, such as farmers' readiness to adopt technology and external support mechanisms. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to bolster extension workers' capabilities and farmer engagement with digital innovations.