The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on family relationships, as several families have lost family members due to COVID-19 pandemic and become physically and emotionally estranged due to lockdown measures and critically economic periods. Our study contrasted two hypotheses: (1) family functioning changed notably before and after the COVID-19 pandemic initiation in terms of cohesion, flexibility, communication and satisfaction; (2) balanced families have a greater capacity to strictly comply with quarantine (i.e., social confinement), compared to unbalanced families. We performed an observational study comparing family functioning between two independent groups, evaluated before and during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. A total of 7,980 participants were included in the study. For the first hypothesis, we found that, during the pandemic, families became more balanced in terms of cohesion (adjusted before-during mean difference or β1= 1.4; 95% CI [1.0–1.7]) and flexibility (β2= 2.0; 95% CI [1.6–2.4]), and families were less disengaged (β3= −1.9; 95% CI [−2.3 to −1.5]) and chaotic (β4= −2.9; 95% CI [−3.3 to −2.4]). Regarding the second hypothesis, we confirmed that families with balanced cohesion (adjusted prevalence ratio or aPR = 1.16; 95% CI [1.12–1.19) and flexibility (aPR = 1.23; 95% CI [1.18–1.27]) allowed greater compliance with quarantine restrictions; while disengaged (aPR = 0.91; 95% CI [0.88–0.93]) and chaotic families (aPR = 0.89; 95% CI [0.87–0.92]) were more likely to partially comply or not comply with the quarantine. Finally, family communication (aPR = 1.17; 95% CI [1.11–1.24]) and satisfaction (aPR = 1.18; 95% CI [1.11–1.25]) also played a role in favouring quarantine compliance. This new evidence enlightens the family systems theory while informing future interventions for improving compliance with quarantine measures in the context of social confinement.

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative bacteria (GNB) is of critical importance, but data for Peru are not available. To fill this gap, a non-interventional hospital-based surveillance study was conducted in 15 hospitals across Peru from July 2017 to October 2019. Consecutive unique blood culture isolates of key GNB (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp.) recovered from hospitalized patients were collected for centralized antimicrobial susceptibility testing, along with linked epidemiological and clinical data. A total of 449 isolates were included in the analysis. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) was present in 266 (59.2%) GNB isolates. Among E. coli (n = 199), 68.3% showed 3GC resistance (i.e., above the median ratio for low- and middle-income countries in 2020 for this sustainable development goal indicator). Carbapenem resistance was present in 74 (16.5%) GNB isolates, with wide variation among species (0% in E. coli, 11.0% in K. pneumoniae, 37.0% in P. aeruginosa, and 60.8% in Acinetobacter spp. isolates). Co-resistance to carbapenems and colistin was found in seven (1.6%) GNB isolates. Empiric treatment covered the causative GNB in 63.3% of 215 cases. The in-hospital case fatality ratio was 33.3% (92/276). Pseudomonas aeruginosa species and carbapenem resistance were associated with higher risk of in-hospital death. In conclusion, an important proportion of bloodstream infections in Peru are caused by highly resistant GNB and are associated with high in-hospital mortality.

This research aimed to verify whether there is a relationship between the use of social networks, self-esteem, academic performance, and the locus of control in university students of Ayacucho in the year 2020. Data collection was by three validated questionnaires: Addiction to Social Networks (ARS), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (EAR), and Rotter’s Locus of Control Test. A questionnaire for general data and self-reporting of students’ weighted average achieved was also used. The statistic for non-parametric samples (ANOVA) was used in the statistical package SPSS version 2.7. The results showed a stronger relationship between the use of social networks and self-esteem, and a weaker relationship with the locus of control. Regarding academic performance, no relationship was demonstrated.

The present study aims to systematize the scientific literature regarding the comprehension of expository texts in students. The study used the PRISMA method to identify studies in the Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), EBSCO, Scielo and ERIC databases in the period 2017-2022. A total of 1421 records were identified, which went through inclusion and exclusion criteria, where finally 14 included studies remained. These studies sought to answer the research question: What are the most used strategies for the compression of expository texts in students? The data collected based on the systematization of the studies was structured into 2 matrices based on the authors, countries according to the corresponding author, keywords, dimensions, instruments used, approaches, application strategies and the conclusions of the studies in order to find possible methodological or conclusion similarities, verifying strengths or weaknesses that have been presented by studies on the comprehension of expository texts in students. The results analyzed show that Argentina is the country with the highest frequency of publications regarding correspondence between authors. Similarly, among the keywords that stand out we have expository text, reading comprehension, oral comprehension, learning strategies, self-regulation, reading strategies, writing strategies. According to the content studied, it is concluded that, among the most frequent strategies for the compression of expository texts, is the use of paraphrasing, literalness, macro-rules, the memorization technique, paper or digital notes, organizers graphics and digital strategies. In addition, comprehension difficulties were found in the studies due to the complex structure of the expository texts. On the other hand, a strong relationship was identified between self-regulation and comprehension of expository texts, the greater the regulation of student learning, the greater the general comprehension of expository texts.

Infusions of Valeriana pilosa are commonly used in Peruvian folk medicine for treating gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed to investigate the spasmolytic and antispasmodic effects of Valeriana pilosa essential oil (VPEO) on rat ileum. The basal tone of ileal sections decreased in response to accumulative concentrations of VPEO. Moreover, ileal sections precontracted with acetylcholine (ACh), potassium chloride (KCl), or barium chloride (BaCl2) were relaxed in response to VPEO by a mechanism that depended on atropine, hyoscine butylbromide, solifenacin, and verapamil, but not glibenclamide. The results showed that VPEO produced a relaxant effect by inhibiting muscarinic receptors and blocking calcium channels, with no apparent effect on the opening of potassium channels. In addition, molecular docking was employed to evaluate VPEO constituents that could inhibit intestinal contractile activity. The study showed that α-cubebene, β-patchoulene, β-bourbonene, β-caryophyllene, α-guaiene, γ-muurolene, valencene, eremophyllene, and δ-cadinene displayed the highest docking scores on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and voltage-gated calcium channels, which may antagonize M2 and/or M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and block voltage-gated calcium channels. In summary, VPEO has both spasmolytic and antispasmodic effects. It may block muscarinic receptors and calcium channels, thus providing a scientific basis for its traditional use for gastrointestinal disorders.

Identifying and classifying text extracted from social networks, following the traditional method, is very complex. In recent years, computer science has advanced exponentially, helping significantly to identify and classify text extracted from social networks, specifically Twitter. This work aims to identify, classify and analyze tweets related to real natural disasters through tweets with the hashtag #NaturalDisasters, using Machine learning (ML) algorithms, such as Bernoulli Naive Bayes (BNB), Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB), Logistic Regression (LR), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF). First, tweets related to natural disasters were identified, creating a dataset of 122k geolocated tweets for training. Secondly, the data-cleaning process was carried out by applying stemming and lemmatization techniques. Third, exploratory data analysis (EDA) was performed to gain an initial understanding of the data. Fourth, the training and testing process of the BNB, MNB, L, KNN, DT, and RF models was initiated, using tools and libraries for this type of task. The results of the trained models demonstrated optimal performance: BNB, MNB, and LR models achieved a performance rate of 87% accuracy; and KNN, DT, and RF models achieved performances of 82%, 75%, and 86%, respectively. However, the BNB, MNB, and LR models performed better with respect to performance on their respective metrics, such as processing time, test accuracy, precision, and F1 score. Demonstrating, for this context and with the trained dataset that they are the best in terms of text classifiers.

BackgroundThe aims of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties and to characteristics of a scale on research skills as well as to characterize the experience of university thesis students using information databases (i.e., Scopus or Web of Science) and bibliographic reference managers. MethodsA sample of 1598 university students from five departments, acroos the different campuses of one Peruvian university. The psychometric properties of the instrument were evaluated using factor analysis and measurement invariance according to sex and age groups. In addition, an internal consistency analysis was conducted for scale reliability using Cronbach's alpha, ordinal alpha, and the omega index. ResultsOur study identified that the unidimensional model with correlated errors showed adequate indicators of reliability and goodness of fit, with the exception of the RMSEA, which shows values higher than 0.08. Measurement invariance by sex and age group was present. The majority of university students in E-learning showed use of the bibliographic manager Mendeley (52.13%), low ability to use information databases such as Scopus (22.24%) or Web of Science (17.26%), and the least skilled research skills were in formulating the problem, objectives, and hypotheses (51.63%) and carrying out data analysis and processing using statistical techniques (49.37%). ConclusionsThe conclusions of the study were that the 8-item research skills instrument presents acceptable psychometric indicators in Peruvian university students in thesis courses. Likewise, a scarce use of global databases, the approach to the research topic, and carrying out its statistical processing.

Aim. Determine if there is an association between perception and attitudes towards Family Planning care in times of Covid-19 in women from 18 to 45 years of age in Human Settlements of Piura-Sullana, 2020. Materials and Methods. Correlational descriptive study, simple random probabilistic sampling was used, for the simple and bivariate descriptive analysis of the study variables relative and absolute frequencies were used. Results. The studied sample revealed 44.32% aged between 25-34 years, 63.01% were cohabitants, 57.66% with a secondary education degree; 91.24% come from the coast; 73.29% are Catholic and 58.34% are housewives. The perception and attitude towards family planning care in times of Covid-19 was reported as bad and inadequate with 34.57% and 53.84% respectively. When relating the variables, it was shown that 34.57% who manifested a bad perception level, in 25.78% their attitude was inadequate. conclusions. The Chi square test showed a high statistically significant association between perception and attitudes towards family planning care in times of Covid-19, confirming the alternative hypothesis.

Genetic testing for hereditary cancers is inconsistently applied within the healthcare systems in Latin America. In Peru, the prevalence and spectrum of cancer-predisposing germline variants is thus poorly characterized. To determine the spectrum and prevalence of cancer-predisposing germline variants and variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in high-risk individuals located in a Peruvian low-resource setting city. Individuals presenting clinical criteria for hereditary cancer syndromes or being unaffected with familial history of cancer were included in the study. Samples from a total of 84 individuals were subjected to a high-throughput DNA sequencing assay that targeted a panel of 94 cancer predisposition genes. The pathogenicity of detected germline variants was classified according to the established American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) criteria. All pathogenic variants were validated by cycling temperature capillary electrophoresis. We identified a total of eight pathogenic variants, found in 19 out of 84 individuals (23%). Pathogenic variants were identified in 24% (10/42) of unaffected individuals with family history of cancer and in 21% (9/42) of individuals with a cancer diagnosis. Pathogenic variants were identified in eight genes: RET (3), BRCA1 (3), SBDS (2), SBDS/MLH1 (4), MLH1 (4), TP53 (1), FANCD2 (1), DDB2/FANCG (1). In cancer cases, all colon cancer cases were affected by pathogenic variants in MLH1 and SBDS genes, while 20% (2/10) of the thyroid cancer cases by RET c.1900T>C variants were affected. One patient with endometrial cancer (1/3) had a double heterozygous pathogenic variant in DDB2 and FANCG genes, while one breast cancer patient (1/14) had a pathogenic variant in TP53 gene. Overall, each individual presented at least 17 VUS, totaling 1926 VUS for the full study population. We describe the first genetic characterization in a low-resource setting population where genetic testing is not yet implemented. We identified multiple pathogenic germline variants in clinically actionable predisposition genes, that have an impact on providing an appropriate genetic counselling and clinical management for individuals and their relatives who carry these variants. We also reported a high number of VUS, which may indicate variants specific for this population and may require a determination of their clinical significance.

The purpose of this research work is to develop a document management model based on remote work that guarantees the continuity of the service in the administrative area of ​​the National University of Santa Nuevo. Chimbote - Year 2022. The type of research is applied, descriptive level, correlational design, quantitative approach. Administrative staff, teaching staff and students participated. The sample was 352 people and they were distributed according to the percentage of staff and students. The results made it possible to determine that the implementation of a document management model based on remote work will improve the flow of information, the centralization of information, the protection of information and response times. The document management design to be implemented will update the database by converting paper formats to digital data. On the other hand, using the Spearman coefficient, (r = 0.707; sig.=0.000) was obtained between the variables document management and continuity of service, it was obtained (r = 0.583; sig.=0.001) between fluency of information and communication, was obtained (r = 0.671; sig.=0.000) between centralization and accessibility, was obtained (r = 0.617; sig.=0.000) between protection of information and preservation of documentation and finally was obtained (r = 0.833; sig.= 0.000) between design and response times, which shows a moderately high positive correlation between the variables and dimensions.