ZrFe2O4@SiO2–N–(TMSP)–ASP–Pd(0)] Complex: Synthesis, characterizations, and its application as a nanomagnetic catalyst in cross-coupling and click reactions

Abstract

The research project focuses on developing a novel nanomagnetic l-Aspartic acid Chelan-Pd complex via a simple method. In this regard, l-Aspartic acid reacts with (3-Chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane (CPTMS) – which is grafted on silica-modified zirconium ferrite nanoparticles and then coordinated with palladium to produce the corresponding heterogenized Pd-complex. The catalyst was characterized using FT-IR, TGA-DSC, EDX, ICP-OES, Elemental Mapping, SEM, TEM, and VSM methods. Moreover, the catalyst was used to improve the efficiency of the Suzuki reaction and click reactions. The catalytic result shows that [ZrFe2O4@SiO2–N–(TMSP)–ASP–Pd(0)] complex possesses high catalytic activity in both of the above-mentioned organic transformations in green solvents and excellently shows the effect of electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents on aromatic rings with good selectivity. Under the tested reaction conditions, the expected biphenyls of 5-aryl 1H-tetrazoles were obtained in moderate to high yields. Notably, the catalyst can be magnetically recycled and reused for five consecutive cycles without a significant decrease in activity. Gentle catalytic conditions, quick reaction times, applicability for a variety of substrates, low cost, and the avoidance of potentially dangerous chemicals and solvents during synthesis and catalytic application are some of the superior properties of the [ZrFe2O4@SiO2–N–(TMSP)–ASP–Pd(0)] complex.